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대두박의 처리방법과 요소첨가 수준이 반추위 미생물 단백질합성 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향 : In vitro Continuous Culture System 에 의한 연구
장문백 한국콩연구회 1991 韓國콩硏究會誌 Vol.8 No.1
본 시험은 反芻가축의 주요 식물성 단백질 사료인 대두박을 무처리, 고압증기 처리 및 건열 처리하여 反芻胃內의 蛋白質 分解率을 각각 80.26, 74.28 및.60.38%로 低下시킴으로써 과다한 ammonia의 發生을 抑制하고 微生物 蛋白質 合成에 必要한 부족된 nitrogen은 非蛋白態 窒素和合物인 尿素로 代贊 공급하여 飼料 蛋白質을 절약하고 그 利用性을 증진시키는데 목적이 있다. 따라서 本 硏究는 in vitro continuous culture system을 통하여 同窒素價로 飼料 蛋白質源의 일부를 尿素로 0, 1, 2 및 3% 代贊하였을 때 大豆粕 蛋白質의 處理 方法에 따른 NH₃-N利用性과 微生物 蛋白質 合成量의 變化 및 揮發性 脂肪酸 生成 등을 實驗 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. NH₃-N濃度(㎎/100㎖)는 尿素 0,1,2,3%로 尿素 代贊율이 높아질수록 전처리구에서 NH₃-N濃度가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 USBM에서보다는 ASBM 및 DSBM에서 낮았다. 2. Nylon bag 蛋白質 소화율( % )은 尿素 代贊水準이 높아질수록 增加하여 3% 代贊시 最高値를 나타냈으나 處理區別로는 큰 差異가 없었다. 3. Nylon bag cellulose 소화율(%)은 모든 處理區에서 尿素 處理水準이 1∼2%에서 가장 높았으나 處理區間에 差異는 없었다. 4. Nylon bag건물 소화율( % )은 尿素 代贊率이 높아질수록 增加하는 傾向이었으며 處理區別로는 큰 差異가 없었다(P>0.05) 5. 微生物蛋白質 합성량(㎎/100㎖)은 尿素添加水準이 1%일때 가장 높았고 無處理 大豆粕(USBM)이 處理 大豆粕(ASBM과 DSBM)에서 보다 높았다. 6. 總 揮發性 脂肪酸 生成量(mM/l)은 全 處理區 모두 1% 水準에서 最高値를 나타냈으며 또 無處理區 大豆粕에서 가장 높았다.
가용성 탄수화물이 반추위 발효특성과 미생물 성장에 미치는 영향
장문백,맹원재,안종호,김현진,조익환,이성훈 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.5
'this study was conducted to investigate the effects of soluble carbohydrate on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth in continuous culture system. It was consisted of two experiments and the results of this study are as follows. First experiment was conducted to investigate incorporating pectin into the basal diet to assess effects on its ruminal fermentation and bacterial mass yield. There were no significant differences (P$gt;0.05) in rumen parameters {rumen pH, total lactate, soluble carbohydrate and volatile fatty acids (VFAs)) except for ruminal NH₃-N concentration. Ruminal NH₃-N was significantly decreased with increasing pectin levels (P$lt;0.05). Although total volatile fatty acid decreased with the increase of pectin level, branched chain fatty acid tended to increase compared with control (P$gt;0.05). Although dietary pectin inclusion did not significantly influence bacterial mass yield, reduced NH₃-N in the effluent and increased NAN flow (P$lt;0.01) was observed. Fiber digestibility trended to increase with inclusion of pectin. Second experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soluble carbohydrate sources on ruminal fermentation and microbial growth. The treatments were beet pulp (BP). apple pomace (AP) and citrus pulp (CP) and each of them was incorporated at 10% level into the diet. (as fed base) and formulated to be isonitrogenous with urea. BP was lower than AP and CP in pectin content. Although there were no significant differences in ruminal fermentation characteristics. ruminal pH was lower in AP and CP than BP (P$gt;0.05). Ruminal NHS N concentration was highest in CP among the treatments. Bacterial mass yield and NAN flow were higher in AP and CP than those of BP. Fiber digestibility was not significantly different among treatments, but was higher in AP and CP than that of BP (P$gt;0.05). Overall. ruminal microbes efficiently captured NH₃-N which was produced from degradation of protein using dietary soluble carbohydrate, and also increased NAN flow.
장문백 中央大學校 食糧資源硏究所 1996 食糧資源硏究所 論文集 Vol.8 No.1
ABSTRACTTo optimize the milk production, NDF, NFC, crude protein, by-pass protein, etc. should be balanced when ration is bing formulated. Therefore before the feeding system is designed, the metabolic characteristics of nutrient compositions of the feed components should be fully understood, and the following is the abstract. The NDF requirement of the dairy cow is suggested to be 1.2±0.1% of the body weight. Approximately, 70∼75% of this total should be provided by long or coarse chopped forages. And the nonfiber carbohydrates changes with the type and condition of the feed, but minimum quantity is required to provide for microbial growth. Usual recomendation ranges from minimum NSC of 30% of the total ration dry matter to maximum of 40%. The rumen degradation rate, which is the evaluation method for the feedstuff protein, should be used for the feeding system of protein source. To use the evaluation method for the nutrient characteristics of protein source practically, commercial Protease used analysis method of protein degradability needs to be applied. The table 12 shows the synchronized fiber and protein feeding system of dairy cow.