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- 저자 : 张玉芳 ( Chang Ockbang ) (검색결과 3 건)
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张玉芳 ( Chang Ockbang ) 중국어문연구회 2019 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.96
“Lahai(辣海)” is one of the most distinctive word in Shanghai dialect. It has many meanings. As a postpositon, it expresses the continuation of action or state. It can mean “here” or “there”. Sometimes it can also be used to express some of the mood. The “la(辣)” of “lahai(辣海)” is similar to the “zai(在)” of Mandarin verbs or prepositions , while “hai(海)” is the constituent element of expressing a place. It shows that “V+lahai(辣海)+處所+O” structure is incorrect because it has not been completely grammaticalized. “hai(海)” also means “here” or “there”. Therefore, the words indicating the meaning of place cannot be followed by. However, the fact that “lahai(辣海)” can bring objects shows that the degree of grammaticalize of “hai(海)” has been relatively high. Through studying the source of “lahai(辣海)”, we found that the former Shanghainese also used a word “lahai(垃壗)” similar to “lahai(辣海)”, although this kind of usage was not common. Perhaps because of the influence of the surrounding dialects, Shanghai dialect also use the same font of “lahai(辣海)” as Suzhou dialect. In the process of grammaticalization, “lahai(辣海)” gradually evolved into an individual aspect marker, which can indicate the continuity of action or state, the progress of action. It can also express a mood. The postpositional word “lahai(辣海)” has a close relationship with the meaning of place, which can not only be confirmed in Shanghai dialect. But also in Wu dialect areas around Shanghai, and in other dialect areas, similar expressions can also be found. This shows us the law of the development in language that, in which words with locative meaning are closely related to continuous aspect markers. In addition to “lahai(辣海)” expressing “Aspect” and “Tense”, it also expresses a Mood when it is placed as a modal particle at the end of a sentence, which reflects the close relationship between the grammatical TAM.
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张玉芳 ( Chang Ockbang ) 중국어문연구회 2020 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.99
In this paper, we examined the resultative complement structure in the form of “VVC(verb-reduplication+complement)” in Shanghai dialect. We found that this structure, though rarely used in the modern Chinese Mandarin, was frequently used in the modern southern dialects. According to the corpus data, the real “VVC” form of the verb-resultative complement structure began in the Yuan Dynasty, then disappeared in the northern dialect, but was retained in the southern dialect. In our opinion, the form of “VVC” in shanghai dialect includes “Verb-Resultative complements-Object” type and the “Verb-directional complements-Object” type. These two “VVC” structures have two meanings: increased quantity and decreased quantity, which are different from min(閩) dialect and northern dialects. Secondly, the structure of “VVC” in shanghai dialect is mostly used in imperative sentences, indicating a kind of trial meaning, which can strengthen or soften the tone. There are also a parts of “VVC” structure that are often preceded by a auxiliary verb “要”, indicating a wish or intention of the speaker, so this structure has a certain degree of subjectivity, and this structure appears in the unfinished sentence. In short, the semantic and functional overlap of verbs in the “VVC” structure of shanghai dialect is much more complicated than in the modern Chinese Mandarin, and there are also great regional differences.
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张玉芳 ( Chang¸ Ockbang ) 중국어문연구회 2021 中國語文論叢 Vol.- No.106
In this paper, we discussed the source and semantic functions of the Perfective Markers ‘Zi(仔)’ and ‘Guo(过)’ in Shanghai Dialect, as well as the difference between Shanghai Dialect Perfect Marker ‘Zi(仔)’ and Mandarin Perfect Marker ‘Le(了)’, Experiential Marker ‘Guo(过)’ in Shanghai dialect and the ‘Guo(过)’ in Mandarin. The Aspect Marker ‘Zi(仔)’ in Shanghai dialect comes from the verb ‘Zhe(着)’ which means attachment. It is not only a mark of Perfect Aspect, but also a mark of Durative Aspect. If the verb before ‘Zi(仔)’ is an action verb, it tends to correspond to ‘了₁’; when the verb before ‘Zi(仔)’ is a positional verb or a posture verb, it generally corresponds to ‘Zhe(着)’. The Experiential Marker in Shanghai dialect originally had several forms such as ‘guo(过)’, ‘guoxie(过歇)’ and ‘xie(歇)’, but now there is only one Aspect mark ‘guo(过)’. ‘Guo(过)’ in Shanghai dialect can also be used as Phase complement and Aspect Markers, but there is also ‘Guo(过₃)’ in Shanghai dialect, which means repetition of actions. The difference from other southern dialects is that, in Shanghai dialect, the adverbs ‘chong xin(重新)’,‘you(又)’,‘zai(再)’ and so on must appear before ‘Guo(过₃)’. The elimination of the Shanghai dialect - the Perfect Aspect Marker ‘Zi(仔)’ and the disappearance of the Experiential markers ‘xie(歇)’ and ‘guo xie(过歇)’ all show that Shanghai dialect is increasingly influenced by Mandarin, which is an inevitable trend of language development.
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