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국내산 프로폴리스의 에탄올 최적추출조건 및 그 화학성분
강성두,방규호,이상원 한국생명과학회 2023 생명과학회지 Vol.33 No.10
To determine the characteristics of propolis fermented with microorganisms, the optimal conditions for propolis extraction with ethanol were first reviewed, and the physicochemical properties of the extracted propolis were then investigated. The shaking and stationary extraction methods were tested. The flavonoid content was 6.40 mg/g when the stationary extraction method was used and 6.95 mg/g when the shaking extraction method was used. The ethanol concentration was then varied, and the use of 50, 60, 70, and 80% ethanol resulted in the total flavonoid content in the propolis samples reaching 6.75, 8.45, 7.45, and 7.75 mg/g, respectively. This indicated that a 60% (v/v) concentration was optimal. As the extraction time was increased from 1 to 3 hr, the flavonoid content slightly increased; however, extending the extraction step to more than 3 hr did not significantly affect the flavonoid content. In terms of the extraction temperature, the highest concentration of flavonoids (8.63 mg/g) was detected at 50℃. In the propolis samples, 5.80, 2.61, and 1.32 mg/g of fructose, sucrose, and rhamnose were detected, respectively. As for the amino acid content, 17 amino acids, including glutamic acid, were detected, and the total amino acid content was 2.49 mg/g.
중소기업 경영자의 기업가정신과 조직구성원의 목표지향성이 조직효능감에 미치는 영향
강성두(Sung-Doo Kang),강영순(Young-Soon Kang) 한국콘텐츠학회 2012 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.12 No.10
본 연구는 우리나라의 중소기업을 대상으로 경영자의 기업가 정신(혁신·진취성, 위험감수성), 조직구성원의 집단목표지향성(학습목표지향성, 성과목표지향성), 조직효능감의 최적구조모형을 규명할 목적으로 수행되었다. 최적구조모형의 검증결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경영자의 기업가의 혁신·진취성은 조직구성원의 집단학습목표지향성과 집단성과목표지향성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고, 위험감수성은 영향을 미치지 않고 있다. 둘째, 조직구성원의 집단학습목표지향성과 집단성과목표지향성은 조직효능감에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있다. 셋째, 경영자의 혁신·진취성은 조직구성원의 집단목표지향성(학습목표, 성과목표지향성)을 매개로 조직효능감에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있다. 연구표본은 서울/경기/제주 소재의 중소기업 경영자 162명과 종업원 486명을 대상으로 하였으며, 종업원 응답의 처리는 각각의 기업별로 3개 부서에서 측정한 평균값을 162개 기업에 적용하였다. 연구방법은 설문지법을 활용하였으며, 연구모형의 검증을 위해 공분산 구조분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과에 따른 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 리더십 범주에 머물렀던 목표지향성의 선행변수를 기업가 정신으로 확장하여 실무적용 가능성을 높였다. 둘째, 그동안 개인목표지향성과 조직 효능감에 머물렀던 연구 범주를 집단목표지향성으로 확대하였다. 셋째, 기업가정신과 조직효능감 사이에 또 다른 심리적 메커니즘의 작용 가능성을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to identify the best structural model among CEOs entrepreneurship(innovation·proactiveness and risk-taking) in small and medium enterprises, group goal orientation(learning and performance goal orientation) and collective efficacy of employees. The result of verifying the best structural model is as follows. First. it indicated that innovation·proactiveness of CEOs entrepreneurship positively affected group learning goal orientation and group performance goal orientation of employees while it did not affect risk-taking. Second, it indicated that group learning goal orientation and group performance goal orientation of employees positively affected collective efficacy. Third, it indicated that CEOs innovation·proactiveness positively affected collective efficacy through group goal orientation of employees(learning and performance goal orientation). In this study, we targed 162 CEOs and 486 employees in small and medium enterprises located in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Jeju and applied the reponses of employees to 162 enterprises by using the average value measured in three divisions of each enterprise. We conducted a survey as a study method and conducted covariance structure analysis to verify the study model. Implications of the research are as below. First, we provided academic discussions by expanding the study category of goal orientation with an individual level into a group level. Second, we expanded the study category with individual goal orientation and collective efficacy into group goal orientation. Third, we suggested the possibility of another mechanisms effect between entrepreneurship and collective efficacy.