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- 저자 : 吳鎭煥 (검색결과 189 건)
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韓國大學新聞主幹들의 意識構造分析硏究 : 大學新聞의 理論定立을 爲한 接近
吳鎭煥 漢陽大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.11 No.-
The purpose of this study is to find out some types of chief editors of Korean college newspapers and their self perception of college newspapers which may help to build useful theories for college newspaper in Korea. The college newspaper in Korea is quite different from its counterpart in the United States and other countries. It is the only periodical that is edited and produced by students under a faculty advisor's guidance, and is the best available means for expression of student opinion on campus. It is a new medium for readers who have relative homogeneity in physical characteristics, ages, educational levels, and, in many cases, ways of thinking. The first college newspaper in Korea was published by Kyungseong University (now Seoul National University) on March 5, 1946. Since then most colleges and universities have began to publish their own campus newspaper on a weekly, biweekly, or monthly basis. Campus newspaper have become one of the central student activities on campus. Today 86 out of 98 junior colleges, teacher's college, colleges and universities in Korea publish college newspapers. Most college newspapers are published in a standard format ranging from four pages to eight pages depending upon their financial situation. In structure and organization, the president of the university automatically becomes the publisher, and the faculty advisor is appointed as chief editor by the president. The chief editor in turn appoints the student editor, several non-student staff writers or photographers, and recruits new student reporters through open competitive examination. In this sense the college newspaper is controlled and dominated by a chief editor who is solely responsible for what is produced by the newspaper. Therefore, in most cases the chief editor is considered one of the key members of the university administration. Physically Korean college newspapers have developed remarkably and the foundation of their operations has been established, but the conceptualization of their activities has not been attempted. College newspaper have generally ignored why they are printed and published. their main concern has been concentrated mainly on producing a well edited paper. They have lacked a philosophy and conceptualization of theory. This has been the situation for the last 30 years. a serious discussion about the philosophy and theorization of Korean college newspapers must be attempted. In this study I define philosophy as basically an abstract science used by man to search for the underlying cause and principles of natural phenomena, human nature and human conduct. Philosophy is thus a quest for truth through logical reasoning rather than factual observation; it is a system of motivating beliefs, concepts, and principles. Theory is the imaginative contemplation of reality and direct intellectual apprehension. Therefore, theory is an insight derived from a belief or procedure proposed or followed as the basis of action. It is a body of generalizations and principles developed in association with empirical findings and shaped into an intellectual discipline. This is a conception and generalization from facts. Methodology is a science or study of method, a branch of logic that analyzes the principles or procedures that should guide inquiry in a particular field. It is a body of methods, procedures, working concepts, and postulates employed by science in the solution of problems. therefore, it is the theoretical foundation of a philosophical doctorine and the basic premise and concept of philosophy. Therefore, I see that philosophy is the foundation of theory, while methodology is the building block of a philosophical doctorine. In other words, methodological intuition applied to phenomena becomes a basis of logical reasoning as a philosophy and methodological intuition applied to phenomena becomes a basis of logical reasoning as a philosophy and methodological observation of facts become a way of theory. With intuition as a philosophical foundation it is easier to observe the fact and conceptualize a theory. Philosophy is therefore an idea and a concept: theory being concept by observation and methodology being observation for an idea. They are closely related though each has its discreet merits. they are something like trinity, manifested differently but serving the same fundamental purpose. Of utmost significance to the Korean people today is "survival" in the global system. They are faced with direct danger of invasion from North Korea. They lack natural resources within a small territory. Nevertheless they have to build their country into an economically prosperious nation, strong militarily and socially stable. The Korean people believe the best way to survive in this situation is through self-reliance, independence and by building a prosperious country through harmonious cooperation among the Korean people. Therefore, the basic underlying philosophy of the college newspaper in korea differs from other countries and must focus on the well being of the Korean people by performing better educational function for the university and also for th society and country to which it belongs. To perform and achieve this philosophical goal more effectively I believe the college newspaper needs some theories. Conceptualization of ideas is necessary to form the foundation of theory building. During this author's experience as chief editor of one of leading college newspapers in Korea. I have talked with hundreds of chief editors, university professors, student editors, student reporters and other journalists who are interested in college newspapers. I talked with them personally or in open discussion. After eight years of experience I have come to the conclusion that it is time to formulated ideas on college newspapers and conduct analytic studies on this subject to formulate theories for the betterment of Korean college newspapers. I have presented three hypothetical theories of publication for Korean college newspapers at the national meeting for the Council of Korean College Newspaper Chief Editors in July 1975. It was the Educational Utility Theory for educational purposes, Independent Operation Theory for critical purpose and Campus Institutional Theory for mass medium purposes. this study also attempts to trace these hypothetical theories and cluster fragments of existing ideas and concepts if college newspapers in Korea. In this study the focus will be on the chief editor as a small specific group leader in his interaction with the college newspaper and its student reporters. The role of chief editor is seen as the centripetal force among students of the college newspaper. He is a leader, a senior in the group, and actual representative. Therefore, how he perceives the role of the college newspaper and himself is more significant for communicational activities than how a student reporter perceive those roles. The chief editor perceives his role, he talks to himself, then he creates biased communicational realities around himself that certainly influence the communicational realities of subordinate student reporters. He may communicate with other editors and student reporters with purpose and his beliefs may influence with power and authority. In an organized group, the group leader's personal influence is greater than the influence of ordinary members on each other. The overarching theoretical framework of this paper is George Mead's notion that a person's concept of self is formed out of the positions he occupies in society and the transactions he has with others, and further, that a person's behavior is a function of those positions. In considering the individual's participation in social action, it must be understood that in a sense a man does not participate as a total person but rather in terms of his special capacity of status; in short, in terms of a special self. My postulate is that communication is the invisible power that creates a pool of communicational realities, and by taking things into account from these communicational realities, an individual is influenced. Particularly, in the society of a small group with the same objectives under a single leader, the communicational realities created by the leading individual has a great impact on the ordinary member. Therefore, exploring the chief typologies is one of the most valuable ways to find out the general typological tendency of college newspapers. Since the chief editor is the man most responsible for deciding the college newspaper's policy, his beliefs and attitudes toward the college newspaper are the most significant factors in deciding its goals and directions. Analysis of his views should help to formulate theories of college newspaper which would certainly help editors and student reporters form their own views or confirm a pre-existing view of college newspapers in Korea. In fact, differing views about the college newspaper, are to be expected among chief editors. thus it is very difficult, perhaps an impossible task to adequately examine the views of 63 editors in a research paper. Therefore, I have decided to employ William Strephenson's Q-methodology to meet this problem. Q-methodology allows various views to group themselves according to attitude similarities within predetermined groups, indicating the strength of their attitudes about each person's opinion statements and giving clues to major areas of strong, positive and negative attitudes. For my purpose, I worte 73 Q-statements: 12 statements dealing with 1) purpose of college newspapers; 2) theory and conceptualization of college newspapers; 3) practice function and method of college newspapering; 4) self role perception of chief editor; 5) image of college newspapers. Each editor was asked to sort the statements. The 63 loadings resulted in a three factor solution accounting for 46.64 per cent of the total variance. The three types found in this study represent three different points of view on college newspapers but the relatively high correlation between types and 39 consensus items out of 73 statements shows the similarity of attitudes. For my purpose, the three types have been named; TypeⅠ Objective (Purpose) Type, TypeⅡ Theory Oriented Type, TypeⅢ Methodology Type, according to the salient characteristics that identify each. TypeⅠ(34 chief editors) seems to be clearly dominated by those who emphasize the educational purpose of the college newspaper. TypeⅡ(11 chief editors) is mainly dominated bt independent operation types who insist the critical function of the college newspaper is most important. TypeⅢ(18 chief editors) seems to be the practical type. TypeⅠ editors strongly emphasize the significance of conceptualizing with an eye on educational purpose. They seem to believe that theory and practical methodology must have a philosophical background, that without a philosophical basis it is difficult to develop a good theory for the college newspaper. For them, conceptualization of a problem is the most important matter in a good college newspaper. This type is more concerned about WHY a college newspaper is published. TypeⅡ seems to say that the role of the college newspaper as independent critics on the campus affairs is most important. They are more interested in WHAT college newspapers are supposed to do. TypeⅢ editors see methodology on newspapering as a profound way of developing a good college newspaper, and the strategy of newspaper making emphasizing the function of the college newspaper. They are more concerned about the HOW of college newspapers. As a conclusion, this study found that there are three main types of chief editors. Their views on college newspapers coincide with my postulations of three theories: Theory of Educational Utilization; Theory of Independent Operation and Theory of Campus Institution.
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