http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Effect of fenpropathrin on the viability and homing ability of worker bees Apis mellifera
Chun-hua Liao,Jie Wu,Zi-long Wang,Zhi Jiang Zeng,Xiaobo Wu 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.4
To explore the effect of fenpropathrin on survival and homing ability of honeybees Apis mellifera L., the newly emerged honeybee workers (< 12 h old) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group. Fenpropathrin (1/2 LD50, 1/4 LD50, 1/8 LD50 and 0% LD50) was added on the thorax of the bees. The viability of worker bees and their homing rate at 1 km distance away from colonies were analyzed, and the expression levels of two memory related genes (GluRA and Nmdar 1) in 20-day–old worker bees were also quantified. Overall, the lifespan and homing rates were significantly decreased with the increase of fenpropathrin dose (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the least group (1/8 LD50) and the control group (0% LD50) (P > 0.05). The relative expression of Nmdar1 was decreased significantly with the increasing doses of fenpropathrin and the lower expression level of Nmdar 1 was found in the fenpropathrin-treaded groups. The expression level of GluRA of workers in 1/8 LD50 group and the control group were significantly higher than that in 1/2 LD50 group and 1/4 LD50 group (P < 0.05), whereas the expression level of GluRA of workers in 1/4 LD50 group was significantly higher than that in 1/2 LD50 group (P < 0.05), and there is no significant difference between 1/8 LD50 group and the control group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the use of fenpropathrin for agricultural crops may show negative influence on the viability and homing ability of worker bees Apis mellifera L.
Sha Liao,Shi-Yong Fan,Qin Liu,Chang-Kun L,Jia Chen,Jing-Lai Li,Zhi-Wei Zhang,Zhen-Qing Zhang,Bo-Hua Zhong,Jian-Wei Xie 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.11
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection maylead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, butfew drugs are available for its treatment. Acyclic nucleosidephosphonates (ANPs) have remarkable antivirusactivities but are not easily absorbed from the gastrointestinaltract and accumulate in the kidneys, resulting innephrotoxicity. Therefore, there is a need to find effectiveliver site-specific prodrugs. The dipivaloyloxymethyl esterof 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA)—adefovirdipivoxil (ADV)—is a first-line therapy drug forchronic hepatitis B with a low therapeutic index because ofrenal toxicity and low hepatic uptake. In this study, a seriesof PMEA derivatives were synthesized to enhance plasmastability and liver release. The metabolic stability of ADV(Chemical I) and its two analogues (Chemicals II and III)was evaluated in rat plasma and liver homogenate in vitro. An ion-pair reverse-phase HPLC–UV method and a hybridion trap and high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry(LC-IT-TOF-MS) were used to evaluate the degradationrate of the analogues and to identify their intermediatemetabolites, respectively. Chemicals I and II were hydrolyzedby cleavage of the C–O bond to give monoesters. Sufficient enzymatic activation in the liver homogenatethrough a relatively simple metabolic pathway, in additionto a favorable stability profile in rat plasma, made ChemicalII an optimal candidate. Next, six analogues based onthe structure of Chemical II were synthesized and evaluatedin plasma and liver homogenate. Compared toChemical II, these compounds generated less active PMEAlevels in rat liver homogenate. Therefore, chemical modificationof Chemical II may lead to new promising PMEAderivatives with enhanced plasma stability and liveractivation.
Luping Zhou,Lulu Chen,Yaqin Wang,Jie Huang,Guo Ping Yang,Zhi-Rong Tang,Yicheng Wang,Jianwei Liao,Gan Zhou,Kai-hua Wei,Zhenyu Li,Dongsheng Ouyang 고려인삼학회 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.3
Background: Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is a promising drug candidate for rheumatoid arthritis. Thisstudy examined the impact of polymorphisms in NR1I2, adenosine triphosphateebinding cassette (ABC)transporter genes on the pharmacokinetics of CK in healthy Chinese individuals. Methods: Forty-two targeted variants in seven genes were genotyped in 54 participants using SequenomMassARRAY system to investigate their association with major pharmacokinetic parameters of CK and itsmetabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD). Subsequently, molecular docking was simulated using theAutoDock Vina program. Results: ABCC4 rs1751034 TT and rs1189437 TT were associated with increased exposure of CK anddecreased exposure of 20(S)-PPD, whereas CFTR rs4148688 heterozygous carriers had the lowestmaximum concentration (Cmax) of CK. The area under the curve from zero to the time of the lastquantifiable concentration (AUClast) of CK was decreased in NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 homozygouscarriers, while Cmax was significantly reduced only in rs2472682. ABCC4 rs1151471 and CFTR rs2283054influenced the pharmacokinetics of 20(S)-PPD. In addition, several variations in ABCC2, ABCC4, CFTR, andNR1I2 had minor effects on the pharmacokinetics of CK. Quality of the best homology model of multidrugresistance protein 4 (MRP4) was assessed, and the ligand interaction plot showed the mode of interactionof CK with different MRP4 residues. Conlusion: ABCC4 rs1751034 and rs1189437 affected the pharmacokinetics of both CK and 20(S)-PPD. NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 were only associated with the pharmacokinetics of CK. Thus, thesehereditary variances could partly explain the interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of CK.
Wen Zhong-Ling,Yang Min-Kai,Fazal Aliya,Liao Yong-Hui,Cheng Lin-Run,Hua Xiao-Mei,Hu Dong-Qing,Shi Ji-Sen,Yang Rong-Wu,Lu Gui-Hua,Qi Jin-Liang,Zhi Hong,Qian Qiu-Ping,Yang Yong-Hua 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.8
In this study, two soybean genotypes, i.e., aluminum-tolerant Baxi 10 (BX10) and aluminumsensitive Bendi 2 (BD2), were used as plant materials and acidic red soil was used as growth medium. The soil layers from the inside to the outside of the root are: rhizospheric soil after washing (WRH), rhizospheric soil after brushing (BRH) and rhizospheric soil at two sides (SRH), respectively. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene amplicons via Illumina MiSeq. The results of alpha diversity analysis showed that the BRH and SRH of BX10 were significantly lower in community richness than that of BD2, while the WRH exhibited no significant difference between BX10 and BD2. Among the three sampling compartments of the same soybean genotype, WRH had the lowest community richness and diversity while showing the highest coverage. Beta diversity analysis results displayed no significant difference for any compartment between the two genotypes, or among the three different sampling compartments for any same soybean genotype. However, the relative abundance of major bacterial taxa, specifically nitrogen-fixing and/or aluminum-tolerant bacteria, was significantly different in the compartments of the BRH and/or SRH at phylum and genus levels, indicating genotype-dependent variations in rhizosphere bacterial communities. Strikingly, as compared with BRH and SRH, the WRH within the same genotype (BX10 or BD2) always had an enrichment effect on rhizosphere bacteria associated with nitrogen fixation