Application of Serologic Tests for the Diagnosis of Recently Recognized Scrub Typhus in Korea

Chong, Yun-Sop INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE YONSEI UNIVERSITY 1989 YONSEI REPORTS ON TROPICAL MEDICINE Vol.20 No.-

Application of Serologic Tests for the Diagnosis of Recently Recognized Scrub Typhus in Korea

Chong, Yun-Sop INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE YONSEI UNIVERSITY 1989 YONSEI REPORTS ON TROPICAL MEDICINE Vol.20 No.1

As is in other serological tests, application of serological tests for the diagnosis of scrub typhus requires knowledge on the test in a test population. Well-Felix test is considered not very useful, because of its low sensitivity. Determination of both IgG and IgM antibody with at least Karp and Gilliam antigens may be helpful for the diagnosis. When paired samples can not be tested, a single IIP titers of IgG≥160 and IgM≥40 or IFA titers of IgG≥80 and IgM≥40 may indicate present illness. However, the titer may require careful interpretation in endemic areas, as the level of IgG natibody in nonscrub typhus subjects may be high.

Current Status of Antimicrobial Resistance in Korea

Chong, Yun-Sop The Korea Society for Microbiology 2000 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.35 No.5

MRSA, erythromycin-resistant S. pyogenes, penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci, PPNG, ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, class C ${\beta}$-lactamase-producing E. coli, fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli, aminoglycoside-resistant A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa are all prevalent in Korea, which suggest the presence of high levels of antimicrobial selective pressure and nosocomial spread of resistant bacteria. Rapid increase of VRE and emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant gonococci and VIM-2 metallo-${\beta}$-lactamase-producing P. aeruginosa are recently observed new threats in Korea.

Current Status of Antimicrobial Resistance in Korea

Chong, Yun Sop 大韓微生物學會 2000 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.35 No.5-6(부록)

Hydrogen Sulfide 생성 Escherichia coli 및 Salmonella paratyphi-A의 분리

정윤섭(Yun Sop Chong),김진주(Jin Ju Kim ),권오헌(Oh Hun Kwon),이삼열(Samuel Y. Lee),윤진우(Jhin Woo Yoon),홍천수(Chun Soo Hong ),이복권(Bok Kwon Lee) 大韓微生物學會 1985 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.20 No.2

호흡기 질환의 세균학적 진단

정윤섭 ( Yun Sop Chong ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 1979 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.26 No.2

환자와 자연환경에서 분리된 Aeromonas의 균종 및 항균제 감수성

정윤섭,이삼열,홍천수,고춘명,곽창길 대한감염학회 1987 감염 Vol.19 No.3

Aeromonas is known to cause gastrointestinal as well as various extraintestinal infections in man. Strains of Aeromonas isolated from mam used to be identified as A. hydrophila, but other species is now known to cause infection. In this study, strains of Aeromonas isolated from clinical materials during July 1983 to December 1986 and identified as A. hydrophila were reexamined to ascertain presence of other species. Also attempted was to isolate Aeromonas from environmental sources during September to October 1986. Identification of species were done by various biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the agar dilution method. Among the clinical isolates 15 were A. hydrophila, 7 A. sobria and 4 A. caviae. From the environment 11 were A.sobria, 7 A. hydrophila and 2 A. caviae. A. hydrophila as well as A. sobria (7) and A. caviae (4) were isolated from such specimens as wound, blood and bile. From environmental sources, fish bowl water often yielded the organism. The isolates included 10 A. sobria, 6 A. hydrophila and 2 A. caviae. All of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin, most were susceptible to cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, moxalactam, chloramphenicol and tetracycline, and a few were susceptible to cefazolin and cotrimoxazole. All were resistant to ampicillin. It is concluded that from clinical materials A. hydrophila as well as A. sobria and A. caviae are isolated, that among the environmental isolates A. sobria outnumber others, and that the most active antimicrobial agents are aminoglycosides, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin.

Vibrio vulnificus 분리율에 대한 SPS Agar와 SGP Broth의 사용 및 검체 저장의 영향

정윤섭,이삼열,김신무 대한미생물학회 1987 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.22 No.2

Vihrio vulnificus septicemia is not-rare dicase in Korea. Carriage rate of the orgaisrn by shellfish is not well known. In this study performance of SPS agar and SGP hroth ancl effect of storage of specimen in the isolaton was determined using the shellfish specimens collected from the coast and market of Koonsan city. Isolation rate was similar with TCBS and with SPS, but the rate became much highher after enrichment in SGP broth. 80% of oyster speirnes were positve when inoculatecJ immediately, but the rate dropped rapidly after storage of specirnens at freezing t.emperature for sornetime. All of the isolates fermented lactose in 2 days. A few isolates were not identfiable with API 20E system, because of acid prduction from melibiose. Serover 04 was the frequent isolates.

Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Disease : Gas Liquid Chromatography

정윤섭 대한감염학회 1983 감염 Vol.15 No.1

검체를 기계에 넣자마자 결과가 나오는 자동화된 혈액검사나 화학검사 방법이 우리나라에서도 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 그 결과를 더 빨리 알수 있어야 될 미생물 검사에 있어서는 외국에 있어서도 병원체를 분리하여 동정하거나, 항체가의 상승을 증명하는 느린 전통적인 방법에서 벗어나지 못하고 있는 것이 현 실정이다. 적당한 시기에 검체를 채취하지 않으면 세균의 분리는 불가능하고, 양성 결과를 얻게되는 경우에도 긴 배양과 동정기간이 필요하게 된다. 혈청검사로 항체가의 상승을 증명하려면 더욱 긴 시간이 소요되며, 따라서 임상진단을 확인하는데 쓰일 정도이다. 신속한 미생물 검사법으로는 전통적 방법의 개량이라고 할 수 있는 것이 있다. 즉 electric impedence의 변화를 관찰하여 혈액배양이나 요배양에서 세균의 존재를 빨리 알아내는 Bactometer(Bactometric Inc, Palo Alto)나 ??로 표지된 배지 성분을 써서 세균이 ??를 생성함을 알아내어 빠른 혈액배양 결과를 얻으려는 Bactec system(Johnston Lab, Cokeysville, Md.) 등이 있다. 분리된 세균의 신속한 동정을 위한 Micro-ID(General Diagnostics, Morris Plains, N.J.), Rapid 20E(Analytab Products Inc, Plainview, N.Y.) 등의 kit, MS-2(Abbott Diag. Div. Dallas), AMS(Vitex Incorp., St. Louis)의 기계도 근본적으로는 재래식 생화학적 동정법의 개량이라고 하겠다. 어떠한 감염에 있어서나 신속한 미생물 검사가 바람직한 것이지만, 특히 수막염과 패혈증의 경우에는 신속한 치료만이 환자의 생명을 구할수 있으므로 전통적인 느린 미생물 검사를 탈피하여 높은 양성율과 신속한 결과를 얻으려는 것이 근래의 노력이다. 빠른 결과를 얻을 수 있는 방법중에서?(Table 1) 오래전부터 쓰인 것은 그람염색이고, 유망하게 생각되는 것은 counter immunoelectrophoresis(CIE), redioimmunoassay(RIA), enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA)등이다. latex agglutination 과 coagglutination은 검사실의 도움없이도 할 수 있을 정도로 간편한 것이 장점이다?. Gas liquid chromatography(GLC)는 척수액중의 lactate검출로 세균성 수막염의 감별에 이용될 수 있을뿐만 아니라 체액중의 세균 검출에도 이용이 시도되고 있다. 저자의 실험실에서도 GLC법으로 혐기성 세균을 동정하여 더욱 정확한 결과를 얻게 되었다?. 그러나 환자의 검체를 직접 GLC로 분석하여 세균감염을 신속히 알아내는 일은 시도한바 없다. 이러한 실험을 위하여는 저자가 쓰는 thermal conductivity detector(TCD)방식 이외의 더 예민한 기기를 필요로 한다. 저자가 받은 제목은 GLC를 이용한 rapid diagnosis이지만 이 방면의 경험이 없으므로 부득이 문헌고찰로 대신하고저 한다.

혈액에서 혐기성 세균이 분리된 환자의 임상 및 세균학적 검토

정윤섭,이삼열,김진주 대한미생물학회 1985 大韓微生物學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Isolation and identification of anaerabic bacteria fmm blood cultures are still technically demanding procedures. Recently, with thq use of gas hquid chmmatogWphy, the accuracy of identification is much improved, However, there has niver been a satisfactory data apalysis on anaerobic bacteremia in Korea. The authors evaluateid both the chnical and the bacteriological 4ata of 129 anaerobic bacteremias found at the Yonsei Medidal Center during the period of 1973 to 1984. The most frequently isolated anaerobic bacteria were Bacteroides (52.7%), among which the major spjcies was B. fragilis (38.7%) . Incidence of anae- robic bacterethia by sex was 57% in male and 43% in female. Mortality was high in groups below 1-year old and abom 50-year old. The cause of death seemed qlosely correlated with the patients age, general condition and the s!.verity of the underlying disease. Various neoplasms were the most common (20%) un- derlying disesses pxedisposing the anaerobic bacteremia. Biliary tract was considered the most frequent route of infection in anaetobic bacteremia. The frequent clinic8l signs in anaerobic bactetemia were fever (65%), followed by liver function abnormality (29%), jaundice (20%) and hypotention (18%) . When analysis of positive rate,of blood cutture was made on the patients from whom 4 cultures were done within 24 houm. It was found that 33% of the samples were positive. Isolation rate of anaembic bacteria in thioglycollate medium was 83.8%, while it was 44% in Tryptic soy broth. Among the anaerobic bacteremia, 25.4% were polymicrobia1 infections with aerobic bacteria (92.5%), such as E. Coli(33.3%). From these studies, it is con- cluded that h. fragilis is the most important causative organism in anaerobic bacteremia, with high fatality, particularly ih those who have underlying diseases. The ports of entry me mainly biliary, gastrointestinal and fernale genital traet. Fever is the most frequent clinical sign. Single blood culture is not sufficient to detect all anaerobic bacteremia, therefore more cultures with optimal time interval are needed. The incidence of polymicrohial infection in anaerobic bacteremia is higher than that in overall bacteremia.