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Cellular immunosenescence in adult male crickets, <i>Gryllus assimilis</i>
Park, Youngjin,Kim, Yonggyun,Stanley, David Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology Vol.76 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Ecological immunity studies in invertebrates, particularly insects, have generated new insights into trade‐offs between immune functions and other physiological parameters. These studies document physiologically directed reallocations of immune costs to other high‐cost areas of physiology. Immunosenescence, recognized as the age‐related deterioration of immune functions, is another mechanism of radically altering immune systems. We investigated the hypothesis that aging brings on immunosenescence in adult males of the cricket, <I>Gryllus assimilis.</I> Our data show that the intensity of melanotic nodule formation decreased with adult age from after 3‐week post‐adult emergence. Circulating hemocyte populations similarly decreased from about 5,000 hemocytes/<I>µ</I>l hemolymph to about 1,000 hemocytes/<I>µ</I>l hemolymph. The numbers of damaged hemocytes in circulation increased from less than 10% at 1‐week post‐adult emergence to approximately 60% by 3‐week post‐adult emergence. The composition of hemocyte types changed with age, with increasing proportions of granulocytes and decreasing proportions of plasmatocytes. The declines in nodule formation were not linked to the adult age of sexual behaviors, which begin shortly after entering adulthood in this species. We infer that age‐related senescence, rather than cost reallocations, may account for observed declines in various parameters of immune functions in insects, as seen in other animals. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>
Invasion of the Red Imported Fire Ants and Quarantine Action in Korea
Youngjin Park,Heung Sik Lee,Jong Ho Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04
The red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta Buren) is defined as invasive species and one of 100 most threaten alien species in world by IUCN. In Korea, RIFA has been first detected at September 28th, 2017 in Busan Port during surveillance by Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA). The RIFA colony was revealed as a polygyne and H5 type through epidemiological analysis on Gp-9 gene and mt-DNA haplotype. APQA has developed eradication program for RIFA with enhanced surveillance in all nationwide Ports and Internal Container Depots. There are subsequently 7 times more invasions of RIFA in Ports (Busan, Pyongeaek, and Incheon) including 2 times of inlands (Daegu and Ansan) and completely eradicated so far. International trade and climate change increases possibility of establishment and spreading of RIFA in Korea. Therefore, it must be required an international cooperation for prevention of global spreading of RIFA between countries.
Rapid cold hardening of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).
Park, Youngjin,Kim, Kwangho,Kim, Yonggyun Entomological Society of America 2014 Environmental entomology Vol.43 No.4
<P>Cold tolerance of the palm thrips, Thrips palmi Karny, was investigated to predict its survival in field during winter. Supercooling points of T. palmi were varied among the developmental stages and ranged from -26.4 to -18.4C. However, the cold injuries occurred above supercooling points in terms of higher mortality. The exposure to subzero temperatures (-5 to -15C) resulted in significant mortalities to all developmental stages of T. palmi. A preexposure to a low temperature (4C) for 7 h significantly increased the cold tolerance of all stages of T. palmi with respect to survival at -10C and supercooling capacity. The rapid cold hardening (RCH) was dependent on the duration of the preexposure period at 4C in adult stage. Polyol and sugar analysis using an high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that 4C preexposure caused accumulation of glycerol, trehalose, mannitol, and mannose in the adults. The increase in trehalose levels was more significant than the others. This study suggests that all stages of T. palmi are able to become cold-hardy by RCH, in which several polyols and sugars may play crucial roles as cryoprotectants.</P>
Genes Associated with Glycerol Biosynthesis in the Red-spotted Apollo Butterfly, Parnassius bremeri
Youngjin Park,Yonggyun Kim,Kang-Woon Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04
The red-spotted apollo butterfly, Parnassius bremeri, immatures grow during winter and spring. Supercooling point of larvae during January goes much below -20℃. Morphologically, the larvae appear to be adapted to cold temperatures. Dark-colored body surface is useful to absorb solar energy and spiny integument may prevent any external ice formation on the body surface. Biochemically, P. bremeri larvae elevate glycerol as a cryoprotectant. This study reports two genes associated with glycerol biosynthesis in P. bremeri. Larval transcripts were analyzed using RNA-Seq technique. A total of 14 Gb transcripts were read by Illumina HiSeq and assembled to be 127,279 contigs. To specify the the genes associated with glycerol biosynthesis, a biosynthetic pathway to synthesize glycerol from dihydroxyacetone-3-phosphate was predicted with two genes of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and glycerol kinase (GK). Both genes were annotated in the transcriptome of P. bremeri. Pb-GPDH encodes 166 amino acid residues containing NAD+-binding region, catalytic site, and calcium binding region. The predicted amino acid sequence was clustered with other lepidpopteran GPDH genes. Three Pb-GK genes were annotated from the transcriptome. Pb-GK1 encodes a full open reading frame of 514 amino acid residues. A ohylogenetic analysis showed that these three GKs were separately clustered. Interestingly, Pb-GK1 was clustered with other GKs that were known to be associated with rapid cold hardiness.