일부농촌지역의 농약사용실태 및 농약중독 요인 조사

이경민,송주희,장재혁,심수정,강양화,안재경,이숭호,박미영,정문호 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.4

Object The usage of agricultural chemical is on the increasing. Use of pesticides has increased agricultural production. However, negative externalities from such use have increased too. Pesticide poisoning is a major public problem. The purpose if this study is to find out the relationship between keeping the safety rules or protective equipments or attending safety education or dose of pesticides use , and poisoning experience. Methods For Gu, H.M. and Pack, S.G. study , we obtained questionnaire data concerning pesticides poisoming. A person interviews on 203 were conducted in two villages in Sinmeari and woulbonri Chunchun , Kangwon province, July 2002. Result 1. 144 people(70.9%) have sprayed pesticides and the rata of experiences of pesticide poisoning was 26% among 144. Spraying time of pesticides was 1-2 hours in 63.9% of farmers. Rate of using the protective equipment was 25.7% (protective clothes), 49.3% (Mask), 48.6 (Gloves), 7.0 (Protective glasses), 64.6% (boots) respectively. 2. Chi-square and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Duration of spraying per day (<2hr) and using of mask(protective equipment)are significantly association with poisoning experience.(x^2=5.2684 p=0.0217, CI=0.140-0.5853 OR=0.346 p=0.0211 respectively). But no association between poisoning experience and keeping safety rule, attending of safety education. 3. Spraying pesticides. Duration of spraying pesticides, reading manuals and no spraying at fatigue (keeping safety rule) are significantly association with symptom experience(x^2=14.0621 p=0.0002, x^2=7.0639 p=0.0079, CI01.395-10.950 OR=3.908 p=0.0095, CI=0.101-0.726 OR=0.271 0.0094 respectively). But no association between symptom experience and protective equipments, attending of safety education.

열처리 상태가 10Cr-1Mo-VNbN 주강의 기계적 성질 및 용접성에 미치는 영향

손대영,방국수,이경운,지병하 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.11

Mechanical properties and weldability such as HAZ hardness, cold cracking susceptibility and hot ductility of two differently heat treated 10Cr-1Mo-VNbN cast steels were measured and compared. Because of high hardenability of the cast steel, as-annealed cast steel showed martensitic microstructure and thus had higher hardness than annealed-normalized-tempered cast steel which had tempered martensite. Because the welding electrode used resulted in a high hardness weld metal, both cast steels showed same weld metal cold cracking susceptibility even though the as-annealed cast steel had higher HAZ hardness than the annealed-normalizedtempered cast steel. Both cast steels had excellent hot ductility in high temperature range, indicating no risk of grain boundary liquation cracking in the HAZ. However, the as-annealed cast steel showed an inferior ductility in the intermediate temperature range of 1000~1150℃ because of larger unrecrystallized grain size.

아시아 지역 폐렴 구균의 항균제 내성 현황 및 변화 양상 : Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP) Study

정숙인,김나영,손준성,기현균,고관수,서지연,장현하,김연숙,오원섭,백경란,이남용,송재훈,항생제 내성 감시를 위한 아시아 연합 (ANSORP) 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.1

목적 : 1980년대부터 페니실린을 비롯한 β-lactam 계열과 비 β-lactam 계열 항균제에 대한 폐렴구균의 항생제 내성이 급격하게 증가하여 국내 뿐 아니라 세계적인 문제로 대두되고 있다. ANSORP 에서는 아시아 지역에서 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성과 그 변화 추이, 내성의 기전 및 위험인자를 분석하고자 본 국제 공동 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 1999년 11월부터 2001년 8월까지 아시아 지역 12개국의 14개 기관에서 폐렴구균 감염증 환자의 임상 검체로 분리된 침습성 폐렴구균을 대상으로 액체배지 미량희석법을 이용하여 16개 항생제의 MIC를 구하였다. 위험인자의 분석을 위하여 폐렴구균 감염증 환자를 대상으로 의무기록지를 조사하였다. Quellung 반응을 통해 혈청형을 결정하였다. 결과 : 총 685균주 중 52.4%가 페니실린에 대하여 비감수성(중등도 내성 22.9%, 내성 29.5%)을 보였고, 그 빈도는 베트남(92.1%), 스리랑카(85.7%), 홍콩(67.9%), 한국(64.5%)의 순이었다. Erythromycin에 대한 비감수성 비율은 베트남(92.1%), 대만(87.7%), 한국(80.6%), 홍콩(76.8%) 등에서 높게 나타났고, 베트남, 대만, 한국, 홍콩 등의 erythromycin의 MIC_(90)이 32㎍/mL를 넘는 고도내성을 보였다. 홍콩, 싱가포르, 대만, 인도에서는 fluoroquinolone에 대한 내성 균주가 출현하였다. 전체 균주 중 다제내성 균주의 비율은 47.7%였다. 혈청형은 19형과 23형이 가장 많았고, 그 외 6형, 14형 등이 있었다. 페니실린 비감수성 감염증의 위험인자로는 5세 미만(OR=1.7; 95%, CI, 1.2-2.4; P=0.002), 기관지폐질환(OR=2.0; 95%, CI, 1.3-3.1; P=0.003), 악성종양(OR=2.3; 95%, CI, 1.2-4.6; P=0.015), 스테로이드의 사용(OR=2.8; 95%, CI, 1.1-7.4; P=0.032)이 확인되었다. 결론 : 침습성 폐렴구균 균주를 대상으로 한 본 연구의 결과 아시아 국가들에서 페니실린, β-lactam 및 macrolide에 대한 폐렴구균의 내성률 및 내성 정도가 급증하고 있음을 확인하였다. Background : Emergence of pneumococcal resistance became a global issue since 1990s. According to the ANSORP studies with clinical isolates and carriage isolates between 1996 and 1999, some Asian countries showed alarmingly high prevalence of resistance to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents. To investigate the changing trends of pneumococcal resistance, ANSORP study group has performed a multinational surveillance study with invasive pneumococcal isolates from Asian countries. Methods : All isolates from various invasive pneumococcal diseases were prospectively collected from 14 centers in 12 countries between November 1999 to August 2001. Broth microdilution tests with 16 antimicrobial agents were performed according to the NCCLS procedures. Serotyping was performed by means of Quelling reaction with use of group-specific antisera. Results : A total of 685 isolates were collected. Overall, 52.4% of invasive isolates from Asian countries were not susceptible to penicillin (intermediate (1), 22.9%, Resistant (R), 29.5%). Vietnam showed the highest prevalence of penicillin non-susceptibility (1 20.6%, R 71.4%) followed by Sri Lanka (1 71.4%, R 14.3%), Hong Kong (1 24.1%, R 76%) and Korea (1 9.7%, R 54.8%). China (I 19.8%, R 23.4%) and Malaysia (1 9.1%, R 29.5%) also showed remarkable increase in penicillin resistance compared with previous ANSORP data, which were less than 10%. Vietnam (92.1%), Taiwan (87.7%), Korea (80.6%), and Hong Kong (76.8%) showed high prevalence of erythromycin resistance. MIG_(90)S for ciprofloxacin were 4 ㎍/mL (Hong Kong) and 2 ㎍/mL (11 Asian countries except Hong Kong), respectively. Conclusion : Compared with previous data from ANSORP studies, antimicrobial resistance among invasive pneumococcal isolates has markedly increased in Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, China, and Malaysia. Continuous surveillance of pneumococcal resistance in Asia is strongly warranted.

중증의 둔상환자에 대한 외상처치의 적정진료 평가

김영식,임경수,황성오 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.1

The trauma is the leading cause of death in the first four decades of life, but, in Korea, the trauma system and emergency medical services system are not develped well. Because the outcome of severely injured patients often depends on the severity of trauma and quality of trauma care, the verification of the institutional capability to care for trauma patients according to the "optimal care" guideline has been a natural sequel. And the quality assurance for evaluating outcome of trauma care is need to develop or upgrade trauma care furthermore. The present study is an prospective evaluation of trauma outcome and quality assurance of our hospital by use of TRISS and Z statics. Logistic function norms related TRISS values to patient`s survival probability(Ps). 155 patients, who were severely injured by blunt trauma(ISS≥16) and older than 15 years old, were analyzed. Among them, 38 patients(24.5%) were died. Ps of survivals was 0.9152 and deaths was 0.2501. Z static of deaths was -0.0494. Unpredicted deaths, who were died inspite of Ps≥0.5, were reviewed, and unapt trauma care was found in 4 cases. By using both TRISS and Z statics, emergency physician will be more accurate in assessing the quality assurance of severely injured patients.

Rifampicin에 의한 것으로 추정되는 위막성 대장염1예

김수현,이은우,정종혁,문승현,김동한,양혁승,오영상,김호동,김도현,박혁,박정환,박경옥,이영직 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.2

Pseudomembranous colitis, caused by altering the normal colonic flora and allowing the multiplication of Clostridium difficile, is an deleterious adverse effect of antibiotics. But it is rarely reported by rifampicin. Rifampicin is one of the first line drug in the treatment of tuberculosis and many patients are exposed to its potential adverse effects. We experienced a patient that had abdominal discomfort and hematochezia due to pseudomembranous colitis after receiving antituberculous medication, and which was probably caused by rifampicin. A 82 years old man was admitted with abdominal discomfort and hematochezia for one week. On the past history he had been diagnosed as endobronchial tuberculosis about 4 months ago. Colonoscopy revealed multiple discrete whitish mucosal lesion on rectosigmoid colon, and histologic findings were consistent with pseudomembranous colitis. The antituberculous agents were discontinued and vancomycin was administered. The patient's symptoms were resolved within several days. There was no recurrence after reinstitution of the antituberculous agents excluding rifampicin. We report here on a case of pseudomembranous colitis probably due to rifampicin.

뇌수술 시 과호흡과 만니톨의 투여가 뇌혈류와 뇌산소대사에 미치는 영향

김지헌,김경식,문봉기,조경기,신용삼,이영주,김진수 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.4

Background: There are therapies to lower intracranial pressure (ICP) including head elevation, hyperventilation, diuretics injection, intravenous mannitol, hypothermia, cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and cerebral resection in neurosurgical patients. However in recent reports, hyperventilation followed by mannitol administration may lead to cerebral ischemia. Therefore, we investigated the effect of 0.5-1.0 g/kg mannitol administration on jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjVO_2) and cerebral arterial-jugular venous oxygen content difference (AVDO_2) at PaCO_2 25-30 mmHg and 35-40 mmHg in patients undergoing neurosurgery. Methods: we studied 17 patients undergoing neurosurgery in the Ajou University Hospital. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl, midazolam, thiopental, and vecuronium, and maintained with )_2-Air-Isoflorane, a continuous infusion of fentanyl, and vecuronium. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 10) which is PaCO_2 25-30 mmHg and Group 2 (n = 7) which is PaCO_2 35-40 mmHg by controlling ventilator. Measurements of SjVO_2 and AVDO_2 in following time intervals: Ⅰ = preinjection of mannitol, Ⅱ = postinjection 20 minutes of mannitol, Ⅲ = postinjection 40 minutes of mannitol were obtainde for each group. 0.5-1.0 g/kg mannitol was administered intravenously just at duramater opening. Results: Hemodynamics and hematologics were not significantly different among the two groups. SjVO_2 of each group are as follows; Group 1; Ⅰ (70.3 ± 8.1%), Ⅱ (66.3 ± 6.9%), Ⅲ (69.1 ± 7.9%) and Group 2; Ⅰ (78.6 ± 7.4%), Ⅱ (75.1 ± 8.1%), Ⅲ (76.0 ± 11.2%), Hyperventilation significantly decreased SjVO_2- AVDO_2 was not significantly different but SjVO_2 in Ⅱ was significantly decreased compared with Ⅰ and Ⅲ in Group 1 (20% patients). Conclusions: Mannitol produced a change of SjVO_2 during hyterventilation. Therefore, intravenous mannitol during hyperventilation should be given cautiously according to the patients status because it may cause cerebral ischemia in critical patients. (Korean J Anesthediol 2002; 43: 462~467)

고진공내의 1,2-디클로로벤젠 및 m-크실렌 용매하에서 n-프로필아민과 브롬화갈륨과의 상호작용에 관한 연구

최성용,김세경,강봉수,김영철,안홍주 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1994 環境科學論文集 Vol.15 No.-

고진공내의 1, 2-디클로로벤제 및 m-크실렌 용매하에서 n-프로필아민의 용해도를 5, 15, 25℃에서 브롬화갈륨이 존재할 때와 존재하지 않을 때의 두 경우에 대하여 측정하여 보았다. 브롬화갈륨이 존재하지 않을 때 m-크실렌에서 n-프로필아민의 용해도가 1,2-디클로로벤젠에서 보다 크게 나타나는 것은 n-프로필아민과 m-크실렌의 상호작용이 n-프로필아민과 1,2-디틀로로벤젠에서 보다 더 강하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 브롬화갈륨이 계내에 존재할 때에는 용액내에서 n-프로필아민과 브롬화갈륨이 불안정한 complex를 형성한다고 생각되어 이 complex를 여러 경우로 가정하여 계산하여 본 결과 ??·GaBr₃이 1 : 1 complex가 형성됨을 알았으며, 이 complex는 용액내에서 다음 화학평형식에 의해 이루어지다고 보았다. ??·GaBr₃? ??+ 1/2 ?? 또한 이 complex에 대한 엔탈피, 자유에너지 및 엔트로피 변화도 산출 하였다. The solubilities of n-propyl amine in 1, 2-dichlorobenzene and m-xylene in high vacuum have been measured at 5℃, 15℃ and 25℃ in the presence and absence of gallium bromide. When gallium bromide does not exist in the system, the solubilities of n-propyl amine in m-xylene is greater than it is in 1, 2-dichlorobenzene, indicating a stronger interaction on n-propyl amine wiht m-xylene than with 1, 2-dichlorobenzene. In the presence of gallium bromide in the system, it coule be thought that n-propyl amine forms unstable complex with gallium bromide. The complex has been assumed in various ways and it was evaluated that instability constant K value was relatively constant under the assumption of 1 : 1 complex, ??·GaBr₃ The complex would form the following chemical equilibrium equation in the solution. ??·GaBr₃ ? ?? + 1/2 GaBr₃ The change of enthalpy, free entropy for the equilibrium of the complex were also calculated.

대전·충남지역 고등학교 1학년생의 풍진 항체보유율과 백신접종 후의 항체형성률

오성균,김수영,여경오,김윤태,최명한,이석구,조영채,이동배,이태용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.2

For the purpose of investigating the positive rate of rubella antibody and sero-conversion rate after rubella vaccination, 863 high school students of the two regions were studied from April 21st, 1996 to September 20th, 1996. The main results were as follows; 1. Positive rate of IgG in male was higher than in female, and the rate of IgM was also higher in male than in female. 2. Positive rate of IgG by blood type was similar, but positive rate of IgM was higher in AB type than the others. 3. Positive rate of IgG by vaccination was similar to all groups, but positive rate of IgM was higher in which was not vaccinated group. 4. Positive rate of IgG and IgM, having vaccination card, was less than which was not having vaccination card. 5. Those who were vaccinated acquired IgG(+) regardless of an existence of IgG antibody, and 28.3% of IgG(-), IgM(+) male who was not vaccinated became IgM(+), IgG(+) after 3months later. As a result positive rate of male was higher than female. The author conclude that vaccination is necessary to prevent from rubella for them.

공공용지 취득에 따른 손실보상제도의 개선방안에 관한 연구

유진호,권경수,김용수 中央大學校 建設環境硏究所 2002 環境科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. (1) 공공용지 취득에 따른 민원제기 및 패소사건 현황에 대한 원인을 조사ㆍ분석하여 문제점 도출하고, (2) 우리나라와 외국의 관련 제도에 대하여 주요 내용을 비교ㆍ조사한다. (3) 상기에서 도출된 문제점과 외국의 관련 제도를 바탕으로 손실보상제도의 개선방안을 제시한다. 이를 위해 건설교통부(토지수용위원회)의 보고서 및 통계 자료를 바탕으로 연구가 수행되었으며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 2000년도에 접수된 민원의 종류는 보상금액(80.7%), 현실이용 상황판단 잘못(3.4%) 등의 순으로 조사되었으며 정부가 패소한 주된 요인은 상황판단 미흡(42건), 대상지 선정 타당성 결여(15건)등으로 조사되었다. 현행 손실보상제도의 문제점은 공익사업의 범위에 관한 법률적 사항과 이원적인 법체계로 인한 보상업무의 지연 및 비효율성을 들 수 있다. 그리고 보상관련 업무를 수행하는 토지수용위원회 및 보상심의위원회의 전문성 부족을 지적할 수 있다. (2) 공익사업의 범위에 관하여 외국의 경우는 공익사업의 범위를 명확히 제시하여 공공사업의 원활한 수행을 가능하도록 하고 있으며 보상법제의 경우 일본과 프랑스는 단일화된 보상법제를 가지고 있다. 손실보상 관련 위원회의 겨우 외국에서는 위원의 임기를 3년 이상으로 규정하고 있으며, 위원회를 수명으로 구성할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 따라서 우리나라도 위원의 임기를 명확히 하고 현재의 9명에서 다수로 증원시켜 업무의 전문성을 높여야 할 것이다. (3) 공공용지 취득에 따른 손실보상제도의 개선 방안은 다음과 같다.: 1) 개별법의 사업인정 의제 및 사업인정 실효기간 연장 규정은 점진적으로 폐지되어야 하고, 2) 현재의 이원적인 법률 체제는 토지수용법을 중심으로 이해하기 쉽도록 재구성해야 하며, 3) 중앙토지위원회의 위원수를 외국의 경우에서와 같이 다수로 증원하여 전문성을 제고하는 것이 바람직하다. The purpose of this study is as follows : (1)to analyze causes about grievances and last law cases (2)to compare legal systems of other countries (3)to suggest improved compensation system for acquisition. For this study, the reports that was issued from the ministry of construction and transportation were analyzed. The results of this study are as follows: (1) In the year 2000, accepted grievances are segmented as compensation money area(80.7%), circumstantial misjudge area(3.4%) and so on. The lost law cases of the government are segmented lack of circumstantial judgement(42) feasibility(15), etc. Therefore, the major problems related to the system of compensation are summarized as scope of public projects, current compensation system, committees related to compensations. (2) The suggestions to improve the compensation system include that : 1)the extension of project validation periods in individual acts should be abolished because of the problem of prolonged project accreditation. 2)the current dual law system should be restructured, and 3)it would be desirable to increase Central Land Tribunal members like other countries.

플라즈마 표지소자의 제작

이상윤,라병욱,박동수,황인헌,이덕동,신영남,박성배,이동욱,박용석,박형근,손상호,권태근,채경락,정경득 慶北大學校 自然科學大學 1986 自然科學論文集 Vol.4 No.-

An Ac-type Plasma Display Panel (PDP) operating with Ne-Ar(0.1%) Penning mixture gas is fabicated. The characterics of the panel with electrodes covered with thin and thick dielectric layers are studied. The brightness of the Neon-orange light emitted by the panel measured as function of applied voltage and frequency. As an application, a graphic display system equipped with PDP showing still and moving pictures is made.