High-frequency micromechanical resonators from aluminium–carbon nanotube nanolaminates

Bak, Jung Hoon,Kim, Young Duck,Hong, Seung Sae,Lee, Byung Yang,Lee, Seung Ran,Jang, Jae Hyuck,Kim, Miyoung,Char, Kookrin,Hong, Seunghun,Park, Yun Daniel Nature Publishing Group 2008 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.7 No.6

At micro- and nanoscales, materials with high Young’s moduli and low densities are of great interest for high-frequency micromechanical resonator devices. Incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with their unmatched properties, has added functionality to many man-made composites. We report on the fabrication of ≤100-nm-thick laminates by sputter-deposition of aluminium onto a two-dimensional single-walled CNT network. These nanolaminates—composed of Al, its native oxide Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and CNTs—are fashioned, in a scalable manner, into suspended doubly clamped micromechanical beams. Dynamic flexural measurements show marked increases in resonant frequencies for nanolaminates with Al–CNT laminae. Such increases, further supported by quasi-static flexural measurements, are partly attributable to enhancements in elastic properties arising from the addition of CNTs. As a consequence, these nanolaminate micromechanical resonators show significant suppression of mechanical nonlinearity and enhanced strength, both of which are advantageous for practical applications and analogous to biological nanocomposites, similarly composed of high-aspect-ratio, mechanically superior mineral platelets in a soft protein matrix.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

豆乳 및 Cheese Whey를 利用한 乳酸醱酵

洪在訓,金永培,劉太鍾 建陽大學校 1992 建陽論叢 Vol.- No.1

豆乳를 이용한 乳酸醱酵時 cheese whey를 첨가함으로써 乳酸菌의 醱酵能 및 風味에 미치는 영향을 조사, 醱酵乳로서의 타당성을 검토하였다. 발효용 균주로는 L.bulgaicus와 S.thermophilus의 1:1 혼합 starter를 이용하였으며 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같았다. 유산균의 생육과 산생성, cure 형성에 있어서 가장 적당한 soy milk와 whey의 혼합비율은 9:1이었고 soy milk-whey-mixture (SWM)에 lactose 첨가에 의한 균생육 및 산생성능이 향상되었다. 본 실험조건에서 SWM, soy milk, skim milk 에서 검출된 carbonyl compounds는 acetaldehyde, aceton, tehanol, hexanal, diacetyl등 이었으며 그 중 acetaldehyde가 가장 많았다. 또한 SWM의 amino acid 含量은 glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine etc. 順으로 나타났으며 그 영양적 가치는 skim milk나 soy milk에 뒤지지 않았다. 官能檢査의 결과는 色에 있어서 SWM, skim milk, soy milk 사이에 유의차가 없었으며 냄새에서는 skim milk와 다른 두 시료간에 1% 유의차가 있었고 맛에서는 skim milk와 soy milk 사이에 5% 유의차가 있었다. Cheese whey was added to soy milk for lactic acid fermentation by L. bularicus + S.thermophilus and its effects on cell growth, acid production and flavor were investigated. Bacterial growth, acid production and acid formation were best in soy milk concluding 10% of whey. Acid production and bacterial growth were improved by adding of lactose to soy milk-whey mixture (SWM). As volatile carbonyl compounds of SWM< acetaldehyde, acetone, ethanol, hexanal and diacetyl were detected by gas chromatography. AMong them, the amont of acetaldehyde are the largest. The result of sensory test showed no significant difference in taste between fermented skim milk and SWM, and SWM, and SWM and soy milk.

하악골 골절에 대한 임상통계학적 연구

이성훈,김기영,조규승,소광섭,박홍주,조요기,오희균,유선열 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 1998 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.20 No.1

가스센서 어레이를 이용한 환경 감시 시스템

홍영호,김인수,장익훈 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.3 No.2(B)

Environment monitoring is recognized by a sensor system composed of a tin oxide gas sensor array, daily indoor air pollution is detected precisely by recognizing various human life behaviors, awakening, and sleeping. The recognitions are done using daily output patterns of the gas sensor array and the patterns are very similar to each other environment air pollution can be detected accurately by laying an awakening hour of a daily periodical pattern on top of another awakening hour gas sensor array is used in recognizing rete match algorithm is also adopted in order to match the patterns and the inference of recognition is done at a high rate.

한국산 꿩 정세관 상피와 Testosterone, LH 및 FSH 혈청농도의 계절적 변화에 관한연구

양홍현,김인식,이영훈,백영기 대한해부학회 1997 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.30 No.3

콩에서 발생하는 강낭콩일반모자이크바이러스(BCMV)와 땅콩위축바이러스(PSV)의 저항성 평가

이영훈, 윤영남, 강범규, 김현영, 최만수, 구성철, 김현태, 윤홍태, 이수헌, 백인열 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2014 農業科學硏究 Vol.30 No.2

It has been reported several viral diseases in soybean. The occurrence of Bean common mosaic virus and Peanut stunt virus are able to induce severe problem because the main breeding target for viral disease was focused on Soybean mosaic virus. BCMV is a spcies of the genus Potyvirus of the family Potyviridae. BCMV reduces yield by as much as 80% and also adversely affects seed quality in common bean. BCMV has a worldwide distribution because of its high rates 35% of transmission via seeds produced by plants systemically infected prior to bloom. PSV is a species of the genus Cucumovirus of the family Bromoviridae. PSV has been reported to be economically damaging on beans worldwide. Although the virus is reportedly seed transmissible at very low rates, infected plants rarely produce pods with normal viable seeds. The most satisfactory management method of viral diseases such as BCMV and PSV is the use of resistant cultivars and healthy seed. For the overcome of genetic resistance by new virus such as BCMV and PSV, virus diseases monitoring and researches need to study deeply and continually. In this study, we conducted the resistance screen on BCMV and PSV for selection of resistance cultivars. We inoculated on 128 cultivars with PSV and BCMV respectively. These cultivars were classified through pathogenic response such as resistance, necrosis and susceptibility. In addition, 99 and 66 resistant cultivars were confirmed against PSV and BCMV respectively.

입원 기간 중 발생한 첫 경련발작

이훈복,김종흥,김제,이애영,김재문 대한신경과학회 1997 대한신경과학회지 Vol.15 No.2

IgG GM₁ 항체와 Campylobacter jejuni 항체와 관련된 급성 운동축삭형 신경병증

홍경훈,김승현,이영배,이영주,김희태,김주한,김명호 대한신경과학회 1997 대한신경과학회지 Vol.15 No.5

패턴 인식 적용을 위한 가스센서 어레이의 임피던스 특성 측정

홍영호,장익훈,김인수 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.3 No.2(C)

The response of semiconductor gas sensor is usually showed as variation of resistance when the sensing material is reacted on gas. Also it can be showed as variation of impedance of sensing material. The variation of impedance is separated into two parts. One is the variation of capacitance. The other is the variation of resistance. The former is dependent on the type and the concentration of gases. The latter is dependent on change of rising time and falling time that was determined by capacitance. The important factors considered are the selectivity and the stability of various sensor characteristics. But, sensors generally exhibit non-stability and non-linearity in dynamic properties. This problem can be solved using pattern recognition. The system was implemented using back propagation algorithm and showed good pattern recognition for each gas pattern. Also, the measuring output was proportional to concentration of each gas approximately. Therefore the system could be adapted implementation of measurement system with multi channel sensor array for various gases.