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Song, Yoseb,Lee, Jin Soo,Shin, Jongoh,Lee, Gyu Min,Jin, Sangrak,Kang, Seulgi,Lee, Jung-Kul,Kim, Dong Rip,Lee, Eun Yeol,Kim, Sun Chang,Cho, Suhyung,Kim, Donghyuk,Cho, Byung-Kwan National Academy of Sciences 2020 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.117 No.13
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Despite sharing the first four reactions, coutilization of the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) with the glycine synthase-reductase pathway (GSRP) and reductive glycine pathway (RGP) to fix C1 compounds has remained unknown. In this study, using <I>Clostridium drakei</I>, we elucidated the role of the GSRP and RGP in the presence of the WLP, via a genome-scale metabolic model, RNA-seq, <SUP>13</SUP>C isotope-based metabolite-tracing experiments, biochemical assays, and heterologous expression. Overall, the data suggested the pathways are functional under autotrophic conditions. Along with the WLP, GSRP and RGP convert CO<SUB>2</SUB> to glycine and then to acetyl-phosphate and serine, which then obtain ATP by producing acetate and operate with limited reducing power. This is a unique coutilization of the pathways under autotrophic conditions in acetogens.</P><P>Among CO<SUB>2</SUB>-fixing metabolic pathways in nature, the linear Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) in phylogenetically diverse acetate-forming acetogens comprises the most energetically efficient pathway, requires the least number of reactions, and converts CO<SUB>2</SUB> to formate and then into acetyl-CoA. Despite two genes encoding glycine synthase being well-conserved in WLP gene clusters, the functional role of glycine synthase under autotrophic growth conditions has remained uncertain. Here, using the reconstructed genome-scale metabolic model <I>i</I>SL771 based on the completed genome sequence, transcriptomics, <SUP>13</SUP>C isotope-based metabolite-tracing experiments, biochemical assays, and heterologous expression of the pathway in another acetogen, we discovered that the WLP and the glycine synthase pathway are functionally interconnected to fix CO<SUB>2</SUB>, subsequently converting CO<SUB>2</SUB> into acetyl-CoA, acetyl-phosphate, and serine. Moreover, the functional cooperation of the pathways enhances CO<SUB>2</SUB> consumption and cellular growth rates via bypassing reducing power required reactions for cellular metabolism during autotrophic growth of acetogens.</P>
Lee, Yoseb,Cha, Yuri,Kim, Young,Hwang, Sujin,Chung, Yijung korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation 2017 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.6 No.3
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of repetitive wrist extension task training with electromyography (EMG)-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for wrist extensor muscle recovery in patients with stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifteen subjects who had suffered a stroke were randomly assigned to an EMG-triggered NMES group (n=8) or control group (n=7); subjects in both groups received conventional therapy as usual. Subjects in the experimental group received application of EMG-triggered NMES to the wrist extensor muscles for 20 minutes, twice per day, five days per week, for a period of four weeks, and were given a task to make a touch alarm go off by activity involving extension of their wrist. In the control group, subjects performed wrist self-exercises for the same duration and frequency as those in the experimental group. Outcome measures included muscle reaction time and spectrum analysis. Assessments were performed during the pre- and post-treatment periods. Results: In the EMG-triggered NMES group, faster muscle reaction time was observed, and median frequency also showed improvement, from 68.2 to 75.3 Hz, after training (p<0.05). Muscle reaction time was significantly faster, and median frequency was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the experimental group after training. Conclusions: EMG-triggered NMES is beneficial for patients with hemiparetic stroke in recovery of upper extremity function.
( Yoseb Lee ),( Yuri Cha ),( Young Kim ),( Sujin Hwang ),( Yijung Chung ) 물리치료재활과학회 2017 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.6 No.3
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of repetitive wrist extension task training with electromyography (EMG)-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for wrist extensor muscle recovery in patients with stroke. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Fifteen subjects who had suffered a stroke were randomly assigned to an EMG-triggered NMES group (n=8) or control group (n=7); subjects in both groups received conventional therapy as usual. Subjects in the experimental group received application of EMG-triggered NMES to the wrist extensor muscles for 20 minutes, twice per day, five days per week, for a period of four weeks, and were given a task to make a touch alarm go off by activity involving extension of their wrist. In the control group, subjects performed wrist self-exercises for the same duration and frequency as those in the experimental group. Outcome measures included muscle reaction time and spectrum analysis. Assessments were performed during the pre- and post-treatment periods. Results: In the EMG-triggered NMES group, faster muscle reaction time was observed, and median frequency also showed improvement, from 68.2 to 75.3 Hz, after training (p<0.05). Muscle reaction time was significantly faster, and median frequency was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the experimental group after training. Conclusions: EMG-triggered NMES is beneficial for patients with hemiparetic stroke in recovery of upper extremity function.
Kim, Seil,Song, Yoseb,Ryu, Seung Han,Hwang, Tae-Yeon,Lee, Youngsuk,Lim, Jae-Hong,Lee, Joo-Yul,Lee, Kyu-Hwan,Choa, Yong-Ho Elsevier Sequoia 2019 Synthetic metals Vol.254 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A three-dimensional thermoelectric (TE) nanocomposite based on functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (f-SWCNTs), tellurium nanowires (Te NWs), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microbeads was fabricated by a hot compaction via solvent casting. We chose a minimum content of f-SWCNTs of 1 wt% for fabricating the nanocomposite based on percolation threshold. The nanocomposite containing 2 wt% f-SWCNTs and 48 wt% Te NWs exhibited an electrical conductivity of 0.93 S/cm, a Seebeck coefficient of 303 μV/K, a thermal conductivity of 0.23 W/mK and a figure-of-merit (<I>ZT</I>) of 0.01 at RT. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite were higher than that of the Te NW/PMMA nanocomposite. In contrast, the thermal conductivity value showed a trend opposite to that of the electrical conductivity. This is because the f-SWCNTs formed bridges between the Te NWs into the nanocomposite, resulting in heterostructured interfaces. We believe that this-type nanocomposite can be widely used for thermoelectric generators at low temperature.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A hybrid TE nanocomposite was fabricated by hot compaction via solvent casting. </LI> <LI> Functionalized-SWCNTs formed bridges between the Te NWs in the TE nanocomposite. </LI> <LI> The thermal conductivity is insensitive to f-SWCNT density due to poor thermal transfer between Te NW and f-SWCNTs. </LI> <LI> The hybrid nanocomposite exhibited a figure-of-merit (<I>ZT</I>) of 0.01 at room temperature. </LI> </UL> </P>
Reconstruction of Acetogenesis Pathway Using Short-Read Sequencing of Clostridium aceticum Genome.
Lee, Sooin,Song, Yoseb,Choe, Donghui,Cho, Suhyung,Yu, Seok Jong,Cho, Yongseong,Kim, Sun Chang,Cho, Byung-Kwan American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.15 No.5
<P>Clostridium aceticum is an anaerobic homoacetogen, able to reduce CO2 to multi-carbon products using the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway. This unique ability to use CO2 or CO makes the microbe a potential platform for the biotech industry. However, the development of genetically engineered homoacetogen for the large-scale production of commodity chemicals is hampered by the limited amount of their genetic and metabolic information. Here we exploited next-generation sequencing to reveal C. aceticum genome. The short-read sequencing produced 44,871,196 high quality reads with an average length of 248 bases. Following sequence trimming step, 30,256,976 reads were assembled into 12,563 contigs with 168-fold coverage and 1,971 bases in length using de Bruijn graph algorithm. Since the k-mer hash length in the algorithm is an important factor for the quality of output contigs, a window of k-mers (k-51 to k-201) was tested to obtain high quality contigs. In addition to the assembly metrics, the functional annotation of the contigs was investigated to select the k-mer optimum. Metabolic pathway mapping using the functional annotation identified the majority of central metabolic pathways, such as the glycolysis and TCA cycle. Further, these analyses elucidated the enzymes consisting of Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, in which CO2 is fixed into acetyl-CoA. Thus, the metabolic reconstruction based on the draft genome assembly provides a foundation for the functional genomics required to engineer C. aceticum.</P>
Lee, Donghyun,Lim, Minkyu,Park, Hosung,Kang, Yoseb,Park, Jeong-Sik,Jang, Gil-Jin,Kim, Ji-Hwan China Communications Magazine Co. Ltd. 2017 China communications Vol.14 No.9
<P>A Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) has driven tremendous improvements on an acoustic model based on Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). However, these models based on a hybrid method require a forced aligned Hidden Markov Model (HMM) state sequence obtained from the GMM-based acoustic model. Therefore, it requires a long computation time for training both the GMM-based acoustic model and a deep learning-based acoustic model. In order to solve this problem, an acoustic model using CTC algorithm is proposed. CTC algorithm does not require the GMM-based acoustic model because it does not use the forced aligned HMM state sequence. However, previous works on a LSTM RNN-based acoustic model using CTC used a small-scale training corpus. In this paper, the LSTM RNN-based acoustic model using CTC is trained on a large-scale training corpus and its performance is evaluated. The implemented acoustic model has a performance of 6.18% and 15.01% in terms of Word Error Rate (WER) for clean speech and noisy speech, respectively. This is similar to a performance of the acoustic model based on the hybrid method.</P>