Mechanical meibomian gland squeezing combined with eyelid scrubs and warm compresses for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction : Meibomian gland squeezing for MGD<i>Lee, Kim, Park, Kim, Seo and Kim</i>

Lee, Hun,Kim, Minseo,Park, Si Yoon,Kim, Eung Kweon,Seo, Kyoung Yul,Kim, Tae-im Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing) 2017 Clinical & experimental optometry Vol.100 No.6

전경대원에서 발생한 결핵의 임상 양상

문창기,박상준,조민구,김영중,김소연,김윤권,정준오,안석진,김은실,서승오,김지훈,최원제,이윤영,박형기,최규영,김현근 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

Background: The purpose of this study was to document the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in combat and auxiliary police, living in a group, in Korea where the incidence rate of active TB in a general population is higher than in Western countries. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all tuberculosis patients diagnosed at National Police Hospital from January 2002 through December 2004. Results:In 2002-2004, a total of 156 cases of tuberculosis were identified with the mean (Standard deviation) age of 20.6 (±1.0) years. Of these, 134 (85.9%) patients were registered as new cases, 11 (7.1%) as relapse, 2 (1.3%) as failure, 5 (3.1%) as treatment-after-default cases whereas 4 (2.6 %) patients were not included in any categories. Average annual new TB rate and smear-positive TB rate were 86.5/10^(5) and 17.4/10^(5) person-years, respectively. In 12 of 31 smear-positive cases, time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was more than 30 days. Two multidrug-resistance TB cases were identified and two suspected outbreak episodes of TB had occurred during 3 years. Conclusion:There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of new cases of TB between the general population aged 20 to 29 years and combat and auxiliary police in Korea. 배경 : 국내 결핵의 발생은 감소 추세에 있으나 여전히 후진국형 발생양상을 보이고 있다. 특히 집단생활을 하는 젊은이들에서 발생하는 결핵의 유행이 간헐적으로 알려지고 있어 우려를 낳고 있다. 이에 저자들은 최근 전경대원의 결핵 발병 양상에 대해 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 1월부터 2004년 12월까지 3년간 경찰병원에서 결핵 진료를 받은 전경대원의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 연도별 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성결핵 신환율, 진단 지연, 집단발병, 다제내성결핵을 조사하였다. 결과 : 연도별 결핵 신환자 수(10만명당 발생추정치)는 2002년 50명(83.6명), 2003년 42명(83.7명), 2004년 42명(93.5명)이었고 도말양성 폐결핵 신환자 수는 2002년 10명(16.7명), 2003년 11명(21.9명), 2004년 6명(13.4명)이었다. 3년간 도말양성 폐결핵 환자는 31명이 있었고 그 중 12명은 호흡기 증상 발생 30일이 지나서 진단을 받았다. 다제내성 결핵은 2명이 있었으며 결핵의 집단발병이 의심되는 사례는 2차례 있었다. 결론 : 전경대원과 20-29세 연령군 일반인의 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성 폐결핵 발생률의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다.

Metagenomic Analysis of Fungal Communities Inhabiting the Fairy Ring Zone of Tricholoma matsutake

( Miae Kim1 ),( Hyeok Jun Yoon ),( Young Hyun You ),( Ye Eun Kim ),( Ju Ri Woo ),( Yeong Gyo Seo ),( Gyeong Min Lee ),( Young Ja Kim ),( Won Sik Kong ),( Jong Guk Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.10

Tricholoma matsutake, an ectomycorrhiza that has mutual relationships with the rootlet of Pinus denisflora, forms a fruiting body that serves as a valuable food in Asia. However, the artificial culture of this fungus has not been successful. Soil fungi, including T. matsutake, coexist with many other microorganisms and plants; therefore, complex microbial communities have an influence on the fruiting body formation of T. matsutake. Here, we report on the structures of fungal communities associated with the fairy ring of T. matsutake through the pyrosequencing method. Soil samples were collected inside the fairy ring zone, in the fairy ring zone, and outside the fairy ring zone. A total of 37,125 sequencing reads were obtained and 728 to 1,962 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed in the sampling zones. The fairy ring zone had the lowest OTUs and the lowest fungal diversity of all sampling zones. The number of OTUs and fungal taxa inside and outside the fairy ring zone was, respectively, about 2 times and 1.5 times higher than the fairy ring. Taxonomic analysis showed that each sampling zone has different fungal communities. In particular, out of 209 genera total, 6 genera in the fairy ring zone, such as Hemimycena, were uniquely present and 31 genera, such as Mycena, Boletopsis, and Repetophragma, were specifically absent. The results of metagenomic analysis based on the pyrosequencing indicate a decrease of fungal communities in the fairy ring zone and changes of fungal communities depending on the fairy ring growth of T. matsutake.

독성물질의 세포사 기전 및 세포사 유발물질의 검색법 개발에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 독성물질로 인한 파킨슨병 모델에서의 세포사 기전 연구 Study on the cell-death mechanisms of toxin-induced parkinsonism

강태석,김종민,서경원,김영옥,김준규,오재호,이윤동,김규봉,오정자,송연정,임종준,전범석,문전옥,최광식 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

MPTP 독성물질이 도파민성 신경세포에 선택적으로 작용하여 산화성 손상에 의한 신경세포사를 일으키는 것을 이용하여 파킨슨병의 동물모델을 만들고, 이를 통해서 아폼토시스를 비롯한 포사의 기전에 대한 연구 및 너코틴의 신경세포 보호효과 여부를 판정하는 실험을 병행하고자 하였다. 파킨슨꾐의 동물모델을 MPTf 독성 물질을 이용하여 확립하였으며, MPTP(30mgag, i.p.)를 투여한 후 1, 2,3, 4, 5일째 흑질 조직을 채춰하여 tarm로 박걸하여 tyrosine hydroxylase 면역조직화학염색을 수행하여 cell countif우한 결과, control은 57.635ce11s, 1일째 친.OfDells,2일째 57.9±6cells,3일릴 없.3±죠ells, 4일째 49.0츠3cells, 5일째 39.4±Scells료 4, 3일째 뚜렷한 신경세포 수의 감소를 보였다. 신경세포사 기전 규명을 위한 아폼토시스 분걱에서는 벼PTP 투여 후 1, 2, 3, 4, 5일째 조직을 채취하여 Hoechst staining, TUNEL staining을 수곡하였는데 양성 반응을 보인 신경세포는 관찰되지 않아. 아폼토시스로 인한 세포사가 관찰되지 않았다. bIPTP 파킨슨병 동물모델에서 nicotine 보호효과 탐색에 관한 실험은 nicat푸e 0.2mgAg을 5일 퐁안 투여 후 리『fP(30mgag)를 CS7Bt/6 마은스에 복강 내주사로 nicotine과 병용 투여한 후 1, 2, 3, 4, 5일째 뇌를 적출하땄다. 신경세포사가 뚜렷이 관찰되기 시작하는 4, 5일째의 신경세포 수의 감소 정도를 20. 30% 정도 약화시키는 경향을 보였으나, nicotine 보호효과에 대한 추가 실헝이 현재 수행 중에 있다. The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) is largely unknown. However, free radical toxicit? may plaf a role ip. the degeneration of substantia nigra, which is the Hajorfocus of pathological damages in PD. Recently, a neuroprotective effect of nicotine in PD has been suggested. Therefore, the mechanism of neurodegenerafion and protective potential o( nicotine in PD were investigated in the experimental modeB of Pll using a neurotoxin, C57BL/6mice were administered with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg,j.p.). The degree of neurodegenerafion was determined by immunohistochemical stainiHB oftyrosine hydroxylase (TH). TH-positive cells on nigral sections were found 56.0 ±4, 57.9 ±6,52.315ce11s, 49.0±3cells, and 39,4±Scells at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively (controls : 57.6±Scells). Hoechst and TUNEL staining showed no evidence of apoptosis. The exandnation on themice co-adrunistered with nicotine(0.2mgAg) and MPTP(30mgag) revealed a tendency ofnicotine protective effects. At days 4 and 5, the degree of TH-positive cells was decreased by20-30%, In corclusiffn, the role of apoptosis was not evidenced in this MPTP modeB of PB.The possible proteccon by nicotine should be elucidated with further studies.

Depth Jump 시 하지 관절 상해에 관한 운동역학적 분석

소재무,김윤지,이종희,서진희,정연옥,김광기 한국운동역학회 2005 한국운동역학회지 Vol.15 No.1

J. M. SO, Y. J. KIM, J. H. LEE, H. J. SEO, Y. O. CHUNG ? K. K. KIM. The analysis of lower extremities injury on depth jump. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 127-142, 2005. The purpose of this study was to analysis biomechanics of the lower extremities injury the heights(40cm, 60cm, 80cm) of jump box as performed depth jump motion by 6 females aerobic athletes and 6 non-experience females students. The event of depth jump were set to be drop, landing and jump. The depth jump motions on the force plate were filmed using a digital video cameras, and data were collected through the cinematography and force plate. On the basis of the results analyzed, the conclusions were drawn as follows: 1. The landing time of skill group was shorter than unskill group at 40cm, 60cm drop height during drop-landing-jump phase especially. The landing time of 60cm drop height was significant between two group(p<.05). 2. The peak GRF of sagittal and frontal direction following drop height improve was variety pattern and the peak vertical force of 40cm drop height was significantly(p<.05). 3. The magnitude of peak passive force was not increase to change the drop height. 4. The peak passive forces was significant at 40cm drop height between two groups(p<.05)

Protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng against FK506-induced damage in LLC-PK1 cells

Lee, Dahae,Kang, Ki Sung,Yu, Jae Sik,Woo, Jung-Yoon,Hwang, Gwi Seo,Eom, Dae-Woon,Baek, Seung-Hoon,Lee, Hye Lim,Kim, Ki Hyun,Yamabe, Noriko The Korean Society of Ginseng 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: Compound FK506 is an immunosuppressant agent that is frequently used to prevent rejection of solid organs upon transplant. However, nephrotoxicity due to apoptosis and inflammatory response mediated by FK506 limit its usefulness. In this study, the protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against FK506-induced damage in LLC-PK1 pig kidney epithelial cells was investigated. Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to FK506 with KRG and cell viability was measured. Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses evaluated protein expression of MAPKs, caspase-3, and KIM-1. TLR-4 gene expression was assessed. Caspase-3 activities were also determined. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results: The reduction in LLC-PK1 cell viability by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 was recovered by KRG cotreatment in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of p38, p44/42 MAPKs (ERK), KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression was increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with $60{\mu}M$ FK506. However, with the exception of p-ERK, elevated levels of p-p38, KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression were significantly decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Activity level of caspase-3 was also attenuated by KRG cotreatment. Moreover, image-based cytometric assay showed that apoptotic cell death was increased by $60{\mu}M$ FK506 treatment, whereas it was decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that the molecular mechanism of KRG in the FK506-induced nephrotoxicity may lead to the development of an adjuvant for the inhibition of adverse effect FK506 in the kidney.

Protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng against FK506-induced damage in LLC-PK1 cells

Dahae Lee,Ki Sung Kang,Jae Sik Yu,Jung-Yoon Woo,Gwi Seo Hwang,Dae-Woon Eom,Seung-Hoon Baek,Hye Lim Lee,Ki Hyun Kim,Noriko Yamabe 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: Compound FK506 is an immunosuppressant agent that is frequently used to prevent rejection of solid organs upon transplant. However, nephrotoxicity due to apoptosis and inflammatory response mediated by FK506 limit its usefulness. In this study, the protective effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) against FK506-induced damage in LLC-PK1 pig kidney epithelial cells was investigated. Methods: LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to FK506 with KRG and cell viability was measured. Western blotting and RT-PCR analyses evaluated protein expression of MAPKs, caspase-3, and KIM-1. TLR-4 gene expression was assessed. Caspase-3 activities were also determined. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results: The reduction in LLC-PK1 cell viability by 60mM FK506 was recovered by KRG cotreatment in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of p38, p44/42 MAPKs (ERK), KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression was increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with 60mM FK506. However, with the exception of p-ERK, elevated levels of p-p38, KIM-1, cleaved caspase-3, and TLR-4 mRNA expression were significantly decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Activity level of caspase-3 was also attenuated by KRG cotreatment. Moreover, image-based cytometric assay showed that apoptotic cell death was increased by 60mM FK506 treatment, whereas it was decreased after cotreatment with KRG. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that the molecular mechanism of KRG in the FK506-induced nephrotoxicity may lead to the development of an adjuvant for the inhibition of adverse effect FK506 in the kidney.

흡입성 화상후 발생한 음성장애에 대한 평가

김은서,도윤정,원종욱,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objective : Injury to the airway, found in 25 % to 35 % of patients admitted to major burn center, is now the leading cause of death in burn patients. Significant inhalation injury can increase the patient mortality rates by up to 20 %. Toxic compounds in smoke can include phosgene, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, and chlorine from plastics and various oxides and aldehydes from burning wood. These compound directly injure airway epithelial cells, causing an intense inflammatory response with significant edema. After the critical problem is controlled with intensive care in inhalation burn patients, less critical but significant laryngeal function such as protection, phonation and deglutition may often be overlooked. Method & Result : We have experienced a male patient who was injured by inhalation of toxic compound in ship under construction. He have suffered from pulmonary problem, bronchiolitis obliterans. Voice disorder was assessed and managed by otolaryngologists after resolving the pulmonary lesion. Conclusion : Evaluation and treatment of patients suspected of inhalation injury should include anatomical and functional aspects of the larynx as well as critical problem of the airway.

사례기반 추론을 이용한 공정설계

서윤호,고범석,김용태 울산대학교 2002 공학연구논문집 Vol.33 No.1

This paper introduces a method to automate process design using Case Based Reasoning technique. Particularly, the function-behavior-structure model is used to represent a process plan as a case. Specifically, a case retrieval algorithm to use function and behavior, case adaptation knowledge definition by using neural network technique, and a machine selection method are presented.

근관 전색재의 방사선 불투과성에 관한 비교연구

김태민,김서경,황인남,황윤찬,강병철,윤숙자,이재서,오원만 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.1

This study was performed to assess the radiopacity of a variety of root canal sealers according to the Specification concerning root canal sealers. Ten materials including Tubli-Seal™, Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer™, AH 26^(R), AH plus^(R), AH plus jet™, Ad seal™, Sealapex™, NOGENOU™, ZOB seal™, Epiphany™, and dentin were evaluated in this study. In the first part. densitometric reading of an each step of aluminum step wedge on occlusal film was performed at different voltage and exposure time. In the second part, ten specimens were radiographed simultaneously with an aluminum step wedges on the occlusal films under decided condition. The mean radiographic density values of the materials were transformed into radiopacity expressed equivalent thickness of aluminum (mm Al). The following results were obtained 1 Among the various conditions, the appropriate voltage and exposure time that meet the requirement density was 60 kVp at 0.2 s 2 All of the materials had greater radiopacity than 3 mm Al requirement of ANSI/ADA specification No. 57 (2000) and ISO No. 6876 (2001) standards. 3 The radiopacity of materials increased as thickness of materials increased. 4 The mm Al value of each specimen at 1mm in thickness has a significant difference in the statistics. It suggests that root canal sealers have a sufficient radiopacity that meet the requirement. 다양한 근관전색제는 방사선 사진상 주위 해부학적 구조와 구별될 만한 방사선 불투과성을 나타내야 한다 따라서 이런 물질들이 근관에 충전될 때의 방사선 불투과성 정도를 평가해야 할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 다양한 근관전색제들의 방사선 불투과성을 평가하고자, 방사선 노출조건에 따른 aluminium step wedge에 대한 광학 밀도를 알아보고, 그 중 적절한 노출조건을 선택하여 수종의 근관 전색재의 방사선 불투과성 정도를 알루미늄 두께로 환산하여 비교해 보고자 한다. 방사선 불투과성의 기준을 위해 11개의 step으로 구성된 aluminum step wedge을 사용하여, 60kVP, 70kVp관전압 상태에서 각각 0.2, 0.3, 0.4초 그리고 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초의 꼭 노출시간으로 교합필름상에서 방사선 촬영후 적절한 노출 조건을 구하였다. 직경 5mm 각각의 두께 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 mm인 10종 (Tubli-Seal™, Kerr pulp Canal Sealer™, AH26^(R), AHplus^(R), AH plus jet starter kit™, Ad seal™, Sealapex™, Nogenol root canal sealer™, ZOB seal™, Epiphany™)의 근관전색재 시편을 각 재료와 두께당 10개씩 제작한 후, 동일한 두께의 상아질 시편, aluminum step wedge와 함께 정해진 노출시간에 따라 방사선 촬영을 하였다. 모든 필름은 자동현상기로 현상하였다. 시편의 방사선 흑화도를 densitometer로 5회 반복 측정 후, 평균값을 구하여 알루미눔 두께로 환산하였다.얻어진 정보를 분석하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1 관전압 60 kVp에서 노출시간 0.2, 0.3, 0.4초, 70 kVp에서 0.2, 0.3, 0.33초로 변화를 주어 방사선 촬영을 하였을 때 흑화도가 ISO No. 6876 규격에 가장 적합한 것은 60 kVP, 0.2초 일 경우였다. 2 측정된 근관 전색제의 방사선 불투과성은 2.29 mm Al (N0GEN0L)로부터 13.69 mm Al (AH Plus jet)까지 다양하게 나타났으나, 모두 ANSI/ADA specification (2000) 또는 ISO No. 6876 (2001) 규격이 제시한 최소한 3mm Al 이상의 방사선 불투과성을 지녀야 한다는 기준에 적합하였다. 3 재료의 두께가 증가할수록 방사선 불투과성은 증가하지만, 정비례하지는 않았다. 4 각 실험재료의 1 mm 두께의 시편에 대한 mm Al값들은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이상의 결과는 본 실험에 사용된 수종의 근관 전색재는 모든 규격에 적합한 방사선 불투과성을 가지고 있음을 시사한다.