Quantification of Fat Concentration and Vascular Response in Brown and White Adipose Tissue of Rats by Spectral CT Imaging

Xin-Gui Peng,Zhen Zhao,Di Chang,Yingying Bai,Qiuzhen Xu,Shenghong Ju 대한영상의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.21 No.2

Objective: The purpose of the study was to non-invasively characterize and discriminate brown adipose tissue (BAT) from white adipose tissue (WAT) in rats using spectral computed tomography (CT) with histological validation. Materials and Methods: A lipid-containing phantom (lipid fractions from 0% to 100%) was imaged with spectral CT. An in vivo, non-enhanced spectral CT scan was performed on 24 rats, and fat concentrations of BAT and WAT were measured. The rats were randomized to receive intraperitoneal treatment with norepinephrine (NE) (n = 12) or saline (n = 12). Non-enhanced and enhanced spectral CT scans were performed after treatment to measure the elevation of iodine in BAT and WAT. The BAT/ aorta and WAT/aorta ratios were calculated and compared, after which isolated BAT and WAT samples were subjected to histological and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) analyses. Results: The ex-vivo phantom study showed excellent linear fit between measured fat concentration and the known gravimetric reference standard (r2 = 0.996). In vivo, BAT had significantly lower fat concentration than WAT (p < 0.001). Compared to the saline group, the iodine concentration of BAT increased significantly (p < 0.001) after injection of NE, while the iodine concentration of WAT only changed slightly. The BAT/aorta ratio also increased significantly after exposure to NE compared to the saline group (p < 0.001). Histological and UCP1 expression analyses supported the spectral CT imaging results. Conclusion: The study consolidates spectral CT as a new approach for non-invasive imaging of BAT and WAT. Quantitative analyses of BAT and WAT by spectral CT revealed different characteristics and pharmacologic activations in the two types of adipose tissue.

Coupling conversion of methanol and 1-butylene to propylene on HZSM-5 molecular sieve catalysts prepared by different methods

Xin Zhang,Ting Bai,Xiling Liu,Tengfei Chen,Wentao Fan 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.7

A series of HZSM-5 catalysts were synthesized by different methods. The physicochemical properties of the HZSM-5 catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, N2 isothermal adsorption-desorption, NH3-TPD, Py-IR and TGA, respectively. The results indicated that different preparation conditions lead to different morphologies, textures and the distribution of acid sites. The nanosized HZSM-5 catalysts exhibited better catalytic reactivity and coke capacity than the micro-sized HZSM-5 because nanosized HZSM-5 had larger specific surface area, higher pore volume, more exposed channels and more accessible acid sites. The large particles of NZ-3 in a reasonable range and the smooth surface were conducive to product diffusion; therefore, NZ-3 exhibited higher specific propylene yield and stability than the other nanosized catalysts. The moderate density and distribution of acid sites on NZ-3 also favored the formation of propylene.

Uses of Hardware Virtualization for Secure and Trusted Computing

Xin Zhang,Yongshu Bai,Yifan Zhang 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.4

We review several recent systems that utilize hardware virtualization techniques to enable secure and trusted computing environment. We classify these systems into two categories. Systems in the first category focus on protecting user applications from the underlying untrusted or even malicious operating systems. Systems in the second category target securing the privileged entities, such as operating systems and hypervisors, by passive detection of malware or active defense to harden the privileged entities.

Mechanical behaviour between adjacent cracks in CFRP plate reinforced RC slabs

Xin Yuan,Hongyu Bai,Chen Sun,Qinqing Li,Yanfeng Song 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.84 No.3

This paper discussed and analyzed the interfacial stress distribution characteristic of adjacent cracks in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) plate strengthened concrete slabs. One un-strengthened concrete test beam and four CFRP platestrengthened concrete test beams were designed to carry out four-point flexural tests. The test data shows that the interfacial shear stress between the interface of CFRP plate and concrete can effectively reduce the crack shrinkage of the tensile concrete and reduces the width of crack. The maximum main crack flexural height in pure bending section of the strengthened specimen is smaller than that of the un-strengthened specimen, the CFRP plate improves the rigidity of specimens without brittle failure. The average ultimate bearing capacity of the CFRP-strengthened specimens was increased by 64.3% compared to that without CFRP-strengthen. This indicites that CFRP enhancement measures can effectively improve the ultimate bearing capacity and delay the occurrence of debonding damage. Based on the derivation of mechanical analysis model, the calculation formula of interfacial shear stress between adjacent cracks is proposed. The distributions characteristics of interfacial shear stress between certain crack widths were given. In the intermediate cracking region of pure bending sections, the length of the interfacial softening near the mid-span cracking position gradually increases as the load increases. The CFRP-concrete interface debonding capacity with the larger adjacent crack spacing is lower than that with the smaller adjacent crack spacing. The theoretical calculation results of interfacial bonding shear stress between adjacent cracks have good agreement with the experimental results. The interfacial debonding failure between adjacent cracks in the intermediate cracking region was mainly caused by the root of the main crack. The larger the spacing between adjacent cracks exists, the easier the interfacial debonding failure occurs.

RNA binding protein QKI contributes to WT1 mRNA and suppresses apoptosis in ST cells

Xin Liu,Jia Guo,Mengjiao Zhou,Yuwei Yang,Mengdi Liang,Chunyan Bai,Zhihui Zhao,Boxing Sun 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.9

The RNA binding protein quaking (QKI), a key member of the STAR family, as an upstream gene could involve in much process including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and so on. However, the roles of QKI in germ cell, especially in swine testis (ST) cells, was not clear currently. And apoptosis plays important roles in the growth and development. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationship between QKI and apoptosis in ST cells. Firstly, our results showed that pEF1α- QKI and shQKI3 have clear effects on expression levels of QKI. Secondly, we established that QKI directly binds to WT1 3′UTR by binding with QRE-1 (2046–2052 bp, ACT AAC ) only. Furthermore, QKI overexpression significantly increased the expression levels of WT1 and Bcl-2. QKI also has the effect on delaying the degradation of WT1 mRNA. In addition, we verified that QKI had a significantly suppressed apoptosis in ST cells. Finally, pBI-WT1 could make up for shQKI3-induced decrease in WT1, Bcl-2 mRNA levels and suppress apoptosis in ST cells. The results demonstrated that QKI was an important regulatory factor that affects apoptosis by targeting WT1 gene.

Biodegradation of Phenanthrene by a Halophilic Bacterial Consortium under Aerobic Conditions

( Bai Suo Zhao ),( Hui Wang ),( Xin Wei Mao ),( Rui Rui Li ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2009 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2009 No.-

Numerical Analysis and Load-Carrying Capacity Estimation of Reinforced Concrete Slab Culvert Rehabilitated with a Grouted Corrugated Steel Plate

Li Bai-Jian,Fu Wen-Qiang,Fu Xin-Sha,Huang Yan 한국강구조학회 2023 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.23 No.4

Two laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties and develop a load-carrying capacity estimation method for reinforced concrete (RC) slab culverts rehabilitated with a grouted corrugated steel plate (CSP). Subsequently, 216 numerical models of RC slab culverts rehabilitated with different shapes of CSPs and grout strengths were established to investigate the influence of these parameters and the arch effect on the rehabilitated system. A mechanical model was proposed based on the elastic center method, and a load-carrying capacity estimation method of RC slab culverts rehabilitated with grouted CSPs was established and verified. It was concluded that the load-carrying capacity of the rehabilitated system increased with a decrease in the radius of the side walls and crown at a constant radius of the CSP haunch. At a constant radius of the side walls and CSP crown, the load-carrying capacity of the rehabilitated system increased with an increase in the haunch radius. The most effective way to improve the load-carrying capacity of the rehabilitated system was to increase the radius of the haunches and reduce the radius of the arch crown and side wall. The arch effect of the grout was related to the load type. The load-carrying capacity of the rehabilitated system was the highest when the CSP was similar to or the same as the arch axes of the grout. The most important function of the grout was to provide strong lateral restraint for the CSP, reducing the required span and improving the load-carrying capacity of the CSP. In addition, the shear strength of the grout contributed to improving the load-carrying capacity by exerting an arch effect or experiencing shear failure. The proposed load-carrying capacity estimation method is applicable to rehabilitated systems with a box or arch-type CSP. Our findings provide guidance for engineers to design similar rehabilitated systems.

Streptomyces xinghaiensis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment.

Zhao, Xin-Qing,Li, Wen-Jun,Jiao, Wen-Ce,Li, Yan,Yuan, Wen-Jie,Zhang, Yu-Qin,Klenk, Hans-Peter,Suh, Joo-Won,Bai, Feng-Wu Society for General Microbiology 2009 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.59 No.11

<P>A novel actinomycete, strain S187(T), was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from Xinghai Bay, Dalian, China. Growth occurred on ISP medium 2 containing 0-9 % NaCl and at pH 6.0-9.0 and 10-45 degrees C. The cell wall of strain S187(T) contained the isomer ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H(6)) (40.8 %), MK-9(H(8)) (38.2 %) and MK-9(H(2)) (8.8 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C(16 : 0) (29.6 %), anteiso-C(15 : 0) (14.0 %) and anteiso-C(17 : 0) (11.6 %). Cells contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and one unknown phospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.01 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate had similarities of 98.1 and 97.5 % with those of Streptomyces flavofuscus NRRL B-8036(T) (=DSM 41426(T)) and Streptomyces albiaxialis DSM 41799(T), respectively, showing that the novel strain should be assigned to the genus Streptomyces. DNA-DNA hybridizations with the two above-mentioned Streptomyces species showed 31.4 and 46.9 % relatedness, respectively. Moreover, the three strains differed in some physiological and biochemical properties. Thus, on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic analyses, it is proposed that strain S187(T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces xinghaiensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is S187(T) (=NRRL B-24674(T)=CCTCC AA 208049(T)=KCTC 19546(T)).</P>

ABO Blood Groups and Risk of Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Zhang, Bai-Lin,He, Na,Huang, Yu-Bei,Song, Feng-Ju,Chen, Ke-Xin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11

Background: For decades, studies have been performed to evaluate the association between ABO blood groups and risk of cancer. However, whether ABO blood groups are associated with overall cancer risk remains unclear. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to assess this association. Materials and Methods: A search of Pubmed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Wiley, and Web of Knowledge databases (to May 2013) was supplemented by manual searches of bibliographies of key retrieved articles and relevant reviews. We included case-control studies and cohort studies with more than 100 cancer cases. Results: The search yielded 89 eligible studies that reported 100,554 cases at 30 cancer sites. For overall cancer risk, the pooled OR was 1.12 (95%CI: 1.09-1.16) for A vs. non- A groups, and 0.84 (95%CI: 0.80-0.88) for O vs. non-O groups. For individual cancer sites, blood group A was found to confer increased risk of gastric cancer (OR=1.18; 95%CI: 1.13-1.24), pancreatic cancer (OR=1.23; 95%CI: 1.15-1.32), breast cancer (OR=1.12; 95%CI: 1.01-1.24), ovarian cancer (OR=1.16; 95%CI: 1.04-1.27), and nasopharyngeal cancer (OR=1.17; 95%CI: 1.00-1.33). Blood group O was found to be linked to decreased risk of gastric cancer (OR=0.84; 95%CI: 0.80-0.88), pancreatic cancer (OR=0.75; 95%CI: 0.70-0.80), breast cancer (OR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.85-0.95), colorectal cancer (OR=0.89; 95%CI: 0.81-0.96), ovarian cancer (OR=0.76; 95%CI: 0.53-1.00), esophagus cancer (OR=0.94; 95%CI: 0.89-1.00), and nasopharyngeal cancer (OR=0.81; 95%CI: 0.70-0.91). Conclusions: Blood group A is associated with increased risk of cancer, and blood group O is associated with decreased risk of cancer.

UHPLC–HRMS based saponins profiling of three morphological regions in American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) and their correlation with the antioxidant activity

Yuxin Bai,Guangzhi Cai,Na Guo,Xin Huang,Jiyu Gong,Shu-Ying Liu,Yun-Long Guo,Wei Wang 한국식품과학회 2024 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.33 No.7

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is used as tonic plant and high-grade nourishment. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC–HRMS) method was established for identifying the chemical constituent in three morphological regions of American ginseng, including main root (MR), rhizome (RH) and lateral root (LR). The 63 saponins was identified in different morphological regions of 10 American ginseng samples. The chemical maker compounds in corresponding morphological region, while the major compounds of MR (malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rd, Rs2 and pseudo-RC1), LR (stipuleanoside R2, ginsenoside Re and malonyl-ginsenoside Rc), and RH (malonyl-ginsenoside Rd, Rb3, and chikusetsu saponin II) were discovered. Correlation analysis showed that 11 compounds were positively correlated with the antioxidant activity of American ginseng.