3D 광학 스캐너를 이용한 인체모형 팬텀 표면 데이터 획득 및 X-ray 에너지의 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션(MCs)을 이용한 팬텀 선량 평가와 영상구현

신준봉(Jun-Bong Shin),이도희(Do-Heui Lee),윤경준(Kyoung-Jun Yoon),박민재(Min-Jae Park),고영문(Young-Moon Go),김성우(Sung-Woo Kim),홍승모(Seung-Mo Hong),이현철(Hyun-Cheol Lee),이의섭(Ui-Seob Lee),노선영(Seon-Yeong No),강석윤(Seok-Yoon 대한영상의학기술학회 2021 대한영상의학기술학회 논문지 Vol.2021 No.-

목 적:본 연구의 목적은 기존 컴퓨터단층촬영(Computed tomography, 이하 CT) 스캔 방법 대신 3D 광학 스캐너 (3D optical scanner)를 이용하여 인체모형 팬텀의 표면 데이터를 획득하고 기존 CT 스캔 표면 데이터와 3D 광학 스캔 표면 데이터 차이를 비교 분석하는 것이며, 3D 광학 스캔 표면 데이터를 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션(Monte Carlo Simulation, MCs)에 적용하여 일반 촬영 에너지조건으로 팬텀 선량 평가와 영상 구현을 연구하는 것입니다. 연구방법: 일반촬영의 선량 평가를 위해 환자 표면 데이터를 얻을 때 3D 광학 스캐너를 활용할 것을 제안합니다. 우리는 3D 광학 스캐너(Go!SCAN SPARKTM, CREAFORM) 사용하여 기존 CT 스캔 방법을 대신해 인체모형 팬텀의 표면 데이터를 얻었습니다. 3D 스캔 표면 데이터를 정렬하고 편집하기 위해 Meshlab 프로그램을 이용하였으며, 3D slicer 프로그램을 이용하여 CT 스캔 표면 데이터와 3D 스캔 표면 데이터 차이를 정량적으로 비교분석 하였습니다. 또한 3D 스캔 표면 데이터 분석 프로그램(VXelements, CREAFORM)을 사용하여 인체 모형 팬텀의 재현성을 평가 하였습니다. SpekCalc 프로그램을 이용하여 X-ray beam 에너지 스펙트럼을 계산하고 Geant4 기반의 MCs인 TOPAS를 이용하여 X-ray Beam을 모델링 하였습니다. 인체모형 팬텀을 MCs에 적용 하여 일반촬영 에너지 조건으로 팬텀 선량을 평가하고 Phase space data 통해 영상을 구현을 연구 하였습니다. 결 과:3D slicer를 이용한 CT 스캔 표면 데이터와 3D 광학 스캔 표면 데이터의 정량적 비교 분석에서 Hounsdroff distance는 Average 2.45 mm, Dice coefficient는 0.97로 나타나 CT 스캔 표면 데이터와 3D 스캔 표면 데이터가 거의 일치하는 것을 확인할 수 있었습니다. 또한 인체모형 팬텀 재현성 평가에서 인체모형 팬텀의 AP position, RAO position, LAO position 기준으로 팔이 있는 팬텀의 error distribution은 2 mm 오차 범위에서 평균 89.78%가, 4 mm 오차 범위에서 96.05%가 일치하는 것으로 나타났으며, 팔을 제외한 경우 error distribution은 2 mm 오차 범위에서 평균 96.48%가, 4 mm 오차 범위에서 99.45%가 일치하는 것으로 나타나 3D 광학 스캐너의 표면 데이터 재현성이 우수한 것으로 나타났습니다. 인체모형 팬텀을 이용한 3D 스캔 표면 데이터를 MCs에 적용하여 전신일반촬영 에너지 조건으로 팬텀선량 평가가 가능하며, Phase space data 통해 영상을 구현할 수 있다는 것을 확인 하였습니다. 결 론:본 연구에서 3D 광학 스캐너를 사용한 인체모형 팬텀 데이터 획득은 기존 CT scan 방식보다 간편하고 방사선 노출 없이 다양한 위치와 균일한 표면 구조의 정보를 정밀하게 얻을 수 있으며 MCs을 이용한 선량계산이 가능하며, Phase space data 통해 영상을 구현이 가능함에 따라 앞으로 일반촬영 분야의 활용과 선량평가에 매우 유용할 것으로 생각 됩니다. Purpose:The purpose of this work is to acquire surface data of anthropromophic phantom using 3D optical scanner instead of conventional computed tomography (CT) scanning methods and to compare the differences between existing CT scan surface data and 3D optical scan surface data. also it is to apply 3D optical scan surface data to Monte Carlo simulations (MCs) to study whether phantom dose evaluation and image implementation are possible under general shooting energy conditions. Targets and Methods:We suggest utilizing a 3D optical scanner when obtaining patient surface data for dose evaluation of normal photography. We obtained surface data of anthropromophic phantom instead of conventional CT scanning methods using 3D optical scanners (Go!SCAN SPARKTM, CREAFORM). The Meshlab program was used to sort and edit 3D scan surface data, and the CT scan surface data and 3D scan surface data differences were quantitatively compared using the 3D slicer program. The reproducibility of the dummy phantom was also evaluated using the 3D Scan Surface Data Analysis Program (VXelements, CREAFORM). Using the SpekCalc program, the X-ray beam energy spectrum was calculated and the X-ray beam was modeled using TOPAS, a Geant4-based MCs. We applied the anthropromophic phantom to MCs evaluate the phantom dose in X-ray energy conditions and study whether the image can be implemented through phase space data. Result:Quantitative comparative analysis of CT scan surface data and 3D optical scan surface data using 3D slicer showed that Hounsdroff distance was Average 2.45 mm and Dice coefficient was 0.97, indicating a close match between CT scan surface data and 3D scan surface data. In addition, the anthropromophic phantom reproducibility assessment shows that the error distribution of the phantom with arms by AP position, RAO position, and LAO position of the anthropromophic phantom averaged 89.78% in the 2 mm error range and 96.05% in the 4 mm error range. MCs using anthropromophic phantom confirmed that 3D scan surface data can be applied to Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate phantom dose under X-ray energy conditions through phase space data. Conclusion:In this study, anthropromophic phan tom data acquisition using 3D optical scanners is simpler than conventional CT scan methods, provides precise information of various locations and uniform surface structures without radiation exposure, enables dosing using MCs, and enables image implementation through phase space data.

Osteopontin Protects Colonic Mucosa from Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Acute Colitis in Mice by Regulating Junctional Distribution of Occludin

Woo, Sang-Ho,Lee, Su-Hyung,Park, Jun-Won,Go, Du-Min,Kim, Dae-Yong Springer-Verlag 2019 Digestive diseases and sciences Vol.64 No.2

A genome-wide association study identifies a breast cancer risk variant in <i>ERBB4 </i> at 2q34: results from the Seoul Breast Cancer Study

Kim, Hyung-cheol,Lee, Ji-Young,Sung, Hyuna,Choi, Ji-Yeob,Park, Sue K,Lee, Kyoung-Mu,Kim, Young Jin,Go, Min Jin,Li, Lian,Cho, Yoon Shin,Park, Miey,Kim, Dong-Joon,Oh, Ji Hee,Kim, Jun-Woo,Jeon, Jae-Pil,J BioMed Central 2012 Breast cancer research Vol.14 No.2

<P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>Although approximately 25 common genetic susceptibility loci have been identified to be independently associated with breast cancer risk through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the genetic risk variants reported to date only explain a small fraction of the heritability of breast cancer. Furthermore, GWAS-identified loci were primarily identified in women of European descent.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>To evaluate previously identified loci in Korean women and to identify additional novel breast cancer susceptibility variants, we conducted a three-stage GWAS that included 6,322 cases and 5,897 controls.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>In the validation study using Stage I of the 2,273 cases and 2,052 controls, seven GWAS-identified loci [5q11.2/<I>MAP3K1 </I>(rs889312 and rs16886165), 5p15.2/<I>ROPN1L </I>(rs1092913), 5q12/<I>MRPS30 </I>(rs7716600), 6q25.1/<I>ESR1 </I>(rs2046210 and rs3734802), 8q24.21 (rs1562430), 10q26.13/<I>FGFR2 </I>(rs10736303), and 16q12.1/<I>TOX3 </I>(rs4784227 and rs3803662)] were significantly associated with breast cancer risk in Korean women (<I>P</I><SUB>trend </SUB>< 0.05). To identify additional genetic risk variants, we selected the most promising 17 SNPs in Stage I and replicated these SNPs in 2,052 cases and 2,169 controls (Stage II). Four SNPs were further evaluated in 1,997 cases and 1,676 controls (Stage III). SNP rs13393577 at chromosome 2q34, located in the <I>Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 4 </I>(<I>ERBB4</I>) gene, showed a consistent association with breast cancer risk with combined odds ratios (95% CI) of 1.53 (1.37-1.70) (combined <I>P </I>for trend = 8.8 × 10<SUP>-14</SUP>).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>This study shows that seven breast cancer susceptibility loci, which were previously identified in European and/or Chinese populations, could be directly replicated in Korean women. Furthermore, this study provides strong evidence implicating rs13393577 at 2q34 as a new risk variant for breast cancer.</P>

MicroRNA-203 Induces Apoptosis by Targeting<i>Bmi-1</i>in YD-38 Oral Cancer Cells

KIM, JAE-SUNG,CHOI, DAE WOO,KIM, CHUN SUNG,YU, SUN-KYOUNG,KIM, HEUNG-JOONG,GO, DAE-SAN,LEE, SEUL AH,MOON, SUNG MIN,KIM, SU GWAN,CHUN, HONG SUNG,KIM, JEONGSUN,KIM, JONG-KEUN,KIM, DO KYUNG Potamitis Press 2018 Anticancer research Vol.38 No.6

Primary Osteoma Cutis in the Interscapular Region of a Dog

Woo, S.-H.,Go, D.-M.,Lee, S.-H.,Han, S.-S.,Kim, D.-Y. Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY Vol.166 No.-

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>A 9-year-old neutered male Shih Tzu was presented with three contiguous firm nodules in the subcutaneous tissue of the interscapular region. Histopathological examination revealed that the nodules consisted of mature lamellar bone with a Haversian system, with no apparent lesion around the bone. Clinical examination revealed that the dog had no underlying disease and no history of trauma at the lesion site. Based on these findings and on the medical history, a diagnosis of primary osteoma cutis was made. Osteoma cutis is rare in both human and veterinary medicine, and most dogs reported to have secondary osteoma cutis. To our knowledge, this case is only the second report of primary osteoma cutis in a dog.</P>

Physicochemical Characteristics of Beef Jerky Cured with Salted-fermented Anchovy and Shrimp

Kim, Gap-Don,Go, Gwang-Woong,Lim, Hyun-Jung,Jung, Eun-Young,Seo, Hyun-Woo,Jeong, Jin-Yeon,Joo, Seon-Tea,Yang, Han-Sul Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.1

The aim of this study is to evaluate the availability of salted and fermented fish (SFF) including salted and fermented anchovy (SFA) and shrimp (SFS) as a marinade of beef jerky. In curing solutions, half (SFA 1 and SFS 1) or whole (SFA 2 and SFS 2) salt-water was replaced with SFF juices. Higher water activity ($a_w$) was found in the beef jerky cured with SFFs than the control (C) (p<0.05). The SFFs had the effect of causing a decrease in hardness and an increase in cohesiveness (p<0.05). Among the treatment samples, springiness was the highest in SFA2 and SFS2 (p<0.05) and the lowest values of Warner-Bratzler shear force were found in SFA1 and SFA2 (p<0.05). The SFFs also had the effect of increasing the flavor of the sensory properties; however, color measurements from both the instrumental surface color ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, chroma, and hue angle) and color of sensory evaluation were decreased by addition of SFFs (p<0.05). Therefore, we conclude the SFFs can improve the texture and sensory properties of the beef jerky. In particular, the SFS is a good ingredient for the curing solution. However, studies are still needed on improving the $a_w$, pH, and surface color of the beef jerky to apply the SFFs for making beef jerky.

Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Maternal, Neonatal, and Nutritional Disorders in Korea

Kim, Seon-Ha,Lee, Hyeon-Jeong,Ock, Minsu,Go, Dun-Sol,Kim, Hyun Joo,Lee, Jin Yong,Jo, Min-Woo The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2016 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.31 No.suppl2

<P>Maternal and child health is an important issue throughout the world. Given their impact on maternal and child health, nutritional issues need to be carefully addressed. Accordingly, the effect of maternal, child, and nutritional disorders on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) should be calculated. The present study used DALYs to estimate the burden of disease of maternal, neonatal, and nutritional disorders in the Korean population in 2012. For this purpose, we used claim data of the Korean National Health Insurance Service, DisMod II, and death data of the Statistics Korea and adhered to incidence-based DALY estimation methodology. The total DALYs per 100,000 population were 376 in maternal disorders, 64 in neonatal disorders, and 58 in nutritional deficiencies. The leading causes of DALYs were abortion in maternal disorders, preterm birth complications in neonatal disorders, and iron-deficiency anemia in nutritional deficiencies. Our findings shed light on the considerable burden of maternal, neonatal, and nutritional conditions, emphasizing the need for health care policies that can reduce morbidity and mortality.</P>

Distribution Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter Depending on Leachate Treatment Processes in Final Disposal Site Containing Incineration Residues

Woo Chan Go,Yong Jin Kim,Dong Hoon Lee,Sang Yee Ham,Dong June Seo 대한환경공학회 2007 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2007 No.12

Fast domain wall motion in the vicinity of the angular momentum compensation temperature of ferrimagnets

Kim, Kab-Jin,Kim, Se Kwon,Hirata, Yuushou,Oh, Se-Hyeok,Tono, Takayuki,Kim, Duck-Ho,Okuno, Takaya,Ham, Woo Seung,Kim, Sanghoon,Go, Gyoungchoon,Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav,Tsukamoto, Arata,Moriyama, Takahiro Nature Publishing Group 2017 NATURE MATERIALS Vol.16 No.12

Antiferromagnetic spintronics is an emerging research field which aims to utilize antiferromagnets as core elements in spintronic devices. A central motivation towards this direction is that antiferromagnetic spin dynamics is expected to be much faster than its ferromagnetic counterpart. Recent theories indeed predicted faster dynamics of antiferromagnetic domain walls (DWs) than ferromagnetic DWs. However, experimental investigations of antiferromagnetic spin dynamics have remained unexplored, mainly because of the magnetic field immunity of antiferromagnets. Here we show that fast field-driven antiferromagnetic spin dynamics is realized in ferrimagnets at the angular momentum compensation point T<SUB>A</SUB>. Using rare earth–3d-transition metal ferrimagnetic compounds where net magnetic moment is nonzero at T<SUB>A</SUB>, the field-driven DW mobility is remarkably enhanced up to 20 km s<SUP>−1</SUP> T<SUP>−1</SUP>. The collective coordinate approach generalized for ferrimagnets and atomistic spin model simulations show that this remarkable enhancement is a consequence of antiferromagnetic spin dynamics at T<SUB>A</SUB>. Our finding allows us to investigate the physics of antiferromagnetic spin dynamics and highlights the importance of tuning of the angular momentum compensation point of ferrimagnets, which could be a key towards ferrimagnetic spintronics.

Modeling stand-level mortality based on maximum stem number and seasonal temperature

Kim, Moonil,Lee, Woo-Kyun,Choi, Go-Mee,Song, Cholho,Lim, Chul-Hee,Moon, Jooyeon,Piao, Dongfan,Kraxner, Florian,Shividenko, Anatoly,Forsell, Nicklas Elsevier Scientific Pub.Co 2017 Forest ecology and management Vol.386 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mortality is a key process in forest stand dynamics. However, tree mortality is not well understood, particularly in relation to climatic factors. The objectives of this study were to: (<I>i</I>) determine the patterns of maximum stem number per ha (MSN) over dominant tree height from 5-year remeasurements of the permanent sample plots for temperate forests [Red pine (<I>Pinus densiflora</I>), Japanese larch (<I>Larix kaempferi</I>), Korean pine (<I>Pinus koraiensis</I>), Chinese cork oak (<I>Quercus variabilis</I>), and Mongolian oak (<I>Quercus mongolica</I>)] using Sterba’s theory and Korean National Forest Inventory (NFI) data, (<I>ii</I>) develop a stand-level mortality (self-thinning) model using the MSN curve, and (<I>iii</I>) assess the impact of temperature on tree mortality in semi-variogram and linear regression models. The MSN curve represents the upper boundary of observed stem numbers per ha. The developed mortality model with our results showed a high degree of reliability (R<SUP>2</SUP> =0.55–0.81) and no obvious dependencies or patterns in residuals. However, spatial autocorrelation was detected from residuals of coniferous species (Red pine, Japanese larch and Korean pine), but not for oak species (Chinese cork oak and Mongolian oak). Based on the linear regression analysis of residuals, we found that the mortality of coniferous forests tended to increase with the rising seasonal temperature. This is more evident during winter and spring months. Conversely, oak mortality did not significantly vary with increasing temperature. These findings indicate that enhanced tree mortality due to rising temperatures in response to climate change is possible, especially in coniferous forests, and is expected to contribute to forest management decisions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Applicability of Sterba’s maximum stem number curve on a national scale was confirmed. </LI> <LI> Effect of rising temperature on mortality should be differentiated by tree species. </LI> <LI> Mortality of coniferous trees tends to increase with rising seasonal temperature. </LI> <LI> Coniferous trees are likely more sensitive than oaks to climate change in Korea. </LI> </UL> </P>