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Kim, Chan-Hee,Kim, Su-Jin,Kan, Hongnan,Kwon, Hyun-Mi,Roh, Kyung-Baeg,Jiang, Rui,Yang, Yu,Park, Ji-Won,Lee, Hyeon-Hwa,Ha, Nam-Chul,Kang, Hee Jung,Nonaka, Masaru,Sö,derhä,ll, Kenneth,Lee, Bok Lu American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2008 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.283 No.12
<P>The recognition of lysine-type peptidoglycans (PG) by the PG recognition complex has been suggested to cause activation of the serine protease cascade leading to the processing of Spätzle and subsequent activation of the Toll signaling pathway. So far, two serine proteases involved in the lysine-type PG Toll signaling pathway have been identified. One is a modular serine protease functioning as an initial enzyme to be recruited into the lysine-type PG recognition complex. The other is the Drosophila Spätzle processing enzyme (SPE), a terminal enzyme that converts Spätzle pro-protein to its processed form capable of binding to the Toll receptor. However, it remains unclear how the initial PG recognition signal is transferred to Spätzle resulting in Toll pathway activation. Also, the biochemical characteristics and mechanism of action of a serine protease linking the modular serine protease and SPE have not been investigated. Here, we purified and cloned a novel upstream serine protease of SPE that we named SAE, SPE-activating enzyme, from the hemolymph of a large beetle, Tenebrio molitor larvae. This enzyme was activated by Tenebrio modular serine protease and in turn activated the Tenebrio SPE. The biochemical ordered functions of these three serine proteases were determined in vitro, suggesting that the activation of a three-step proteolytic cascade is necessary and sufficient for lysine-type PG recognition signaling. The processed Spätzle by this cascade induced antibacterial activity in vivo. These results demonstrate that the three-step proteolytic cascade linking the PG recognition complex and Spätzle processing is essential for the PG-dependent Toll signaling pathway.</P>
A Study of Ceramic Works Created by a Mixed-Media Process of 3D Printing and Projection Mapping
Kim, Yi Yeon(김이연),Won, ll An(원일안) 한국전시산업융합연구원 2020 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.38 No.3
The purpose of this study was to mention the matters regarding the formative characteristics and artistic value of ceramic works based on an actual ceramic object made by the researcher, which was printed using ceramic material using 3D printing technology, and a digital video used for projection mapping. To this end, a case study of 3D-printed ceramic works and projection mapping were carried out, and an analysis was conducted based on the intention, production, and exhibition of the actual object produced by the researcher. The findings and details were as follows: First, focusing specifically on the geometry of the researchers’ ceramic work, the intention was to highlight morphological changes in simple yet differentiated units through a combination of dynamic and static structures used simultaneously. Second, in order to demonstrate the media combination in addition to the above, an attempt was made to make the viewing of the ceramic work a more immersive experience by layering video images on top of the ceramic object. Results of such analysis established that the object, consisting of geometric figures, exhibited extensibility as a three-dimensional work which existed in a complementary and relative manner that postulated the concepts of dynamic and static domains, while video mapping could be expected not only to improve an audience’s concentration but also draw forth development of a formative pattern that expands possibilities within the ceramics field. It is expected that new value will continually be created in line with the advancing digital technology by applying a wide range of convergences within digital technology in the ceramics field.
Kim, Moon Suk,Baek, Min Ji,Lee, Mi Hee,Park, Ji Won,Lee, So Young,So¨derha¨ll, Kenneth,Lee, Bok Luel 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 2002 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.18 No.-
The prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation pathway, like the vertebrate complement system, consists of a protease cascade and functions as a non-self-recognition system in these animals. Determining the molecular mechanism by which pattern recognition molecules differentiate non-self from self and transduce signals that stimulate defense responses is a key for understanding the ways in which innate immune systems are regulated. However, the proPO system is poorly defined at the molecular level. The proPO system is poorly defined at the molecular level. The proPO-activating system of the insect Holotrichia diomphalia comprises several components, some of which have been cloned and characterized, such as the novel 27-kDa proPO-activating factor-Ⅲ (PPAF-Ⅲ) from the plasma of H. diomphalia larvae and two prophenoloxidases. The PPAF-Ⅲ gene encodes an easter-type serine protease zymogen consisting of 351 amino acid residues with a mass of 40 kDa. The purified 27-kDa PPAF-Ⅲ specifically cleaved a 55-kDa proPPAF-Ⅱ to generate a 45-kDa PPAF-Ⅱ with or without Ca^2+ present. Furthermore, two Holotrichia prophenoloxidases (proPO-Ⅰ and -Ⅱ) have been characterized, and their structural changes during activation were examined by in vitro reconstitution experiments. When the proPOs were incubated with PPAF-Ⅰ, the 79-kDa proPOs were converted to 76-kDa proPOs, which did not exhibit any phenoloxidase (PO) activity. However, when the proPOs were incubated simultaneously with PPAF-Ⅰ, proPPAF-Ⅱ, and PPAF-Ⅲ in the presence of Ca^2+, a 60-kDa protein (PO-1) with PO activity was detected in addition to the 76-kDa proPO-Ⅱprotein. These POs to enzymatically active phenoloxidase is accomplished by PPAF-Ⅰ, PAF-Ⅱ, and PPAF-Ⅲ through a two-step limited proteolysis in the presence of Ca^2+.
이원 ( Won Lee ),장우석 ( Woo Suk Jang ),권형둔 ( Hyung Dun Kwon ),송재일 ( Jae Ll Song ),김지석 ( Ji Suk Kim ),정남수 ( Nam Su Jung ) 한국농촌계획학회 2013 농촌계획 Vol.19 No.4
As facilities performing the production, processing, preservation, and shipment of agricultural products; agricultural facilities are categorized into planting facilities and livestock facilities based on the management target. Agricultural facilities are set in farmlands, and facility users mainly complain about the legal or institutional restrictions on farm rather than their own facilities itself. From 2009 to 2012, the Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) published the “Casebook of farmer Complaints on Farmlands” in order to help answer farmers` questions and support public workers` workloads. However, contents related to agricultural facility installed in farmland are currently not dealt with in particular. Among agricultural facilities, demands of property rights with livestock facilities have risen due to construction permissions, operational restrictions, and high initial investment costs; and relevant laws were revised and are now being executed. However, for planting facilities such as mushroom facilities, ginseng facilities, and greenhouses; farmer complaints related to property rights are constantly increasing because revisions to relevant laws are not being made despite the rising diversity of construction materials through technical developments as well as the rising scale of assets--i.e. mechanization, automation, and the application of New Regeneration Energies according to capital influx. In this study, the current state of relevant agricultural facility legislation were organized and their drawbacks deduced in order to propose improvements of Agricultural Facility Legislation. The result of interviewing with public workers and farmers show that agricultural facilities should be regarded as extensions of farmlands rather than as facilities built in land where development actions were being taken. Alternatives able to reflect these opinions were suggested through expert consultation.
반응표면분석에 의한 발효 청미래덩굴(Smilax china L.) 잎 열수 추출조건의 최적화
김재원 ( Jae Won Kim ),이상일 ( Sang Ll Lee ),이예경 ( Ye Kyung Lee ),양승환 ( Seung Hwan Yang ),김순동 ( Soon Dong Kim ),서주원 ( Joo Won Suh ) 한국식품저장유통학회(구 한국농산물저장유통학회) 2013 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.20 No.5
In this study, we investigated the contents of total polyphenol (TP), total flavonoid, and absorbance at 475 nm (OD475) which may produced in solid-fermented leaf of Smilax china L. by Aspergillus oryzae as a new functional components with reddish brown color, contents of water soluble substance (WSS), electron donating ability (EDA), Hunter L*, a*, b* values, sensory overall acceptability (OA) and also, the inhibitory activities (XOI and AOI) against partial purified xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde oxidase (AO) from rabbit liver which were well known to relate the gout, and alcoholic liver disease, respectively in order to optimize water extraction using response surface methodology (RSM). All the R2 values of the second-order polymonials ranged from 0.85 to 0.98, except for the EDA (0.69) and the XOI (0.78). However, the activities of the EDA and XOI were relatively high in the lower concentration of the fermented Smilax china L. leaf. The effects on the water extraction were highest in the concentration, among the dependent variables, and showed significant differences at the 1% level in the TP, TF and WSS contents and the a*, b* and OD475 values, but the OA showed significant differences at the 5% level. The optimal values of AOI, which was the most important functionality in the Smilax china L. that was predicted via RSM, were 59.48% at the 2.19% concentration, a 90.02°C extraction temperature and a 4.03 minute extraction time (R2: 0.93, p<0.007). The ranges of all the dependent variables of the optimal water extraction were 1.6~1.8% for the concentration, 83~93°C for the temperature and 3.4~4.4 minutes for the extraction time; and the optimal water extraction conditions were a 1.7% concentration, an 88°C extraction temperature and a 3.9-min extraction time.
백혜원(Hye-Won Baek),신일선(Ll-Seon Shin),신희영(Hee-Young Shin),김재민(Jae-Min Kim),김성완(Seong-Wan Kim),윤진상(Jin-Sang Yoon) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2013 생물치료정신의학 Vol.19 No.2
Objectives:This study was aimed to investigate factors affecting successful aging in community-dwelling elderly Korean population. Also, the purpose of this study is to compare factors in living alone elderly and living with others. Methods:This study is a community-based, cross-sectional study that included 434 elderly subjects aged 60 years and more. Subjects completed the questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, health behavior, and chronic medical illness. Korean MMSE in the Korean version of the CERAD assessment packet(MMSE-KC), and Short Form of Geriatric Depression Scale(SGDS) were also evaluated. Participants were asked to rate their own degree of successful aging on a scale from 1 to 10(1=least successful, 10=most successful). Results:The mean score for self-rated successful aging was 5.91 in overall sample. In living alone group, mean score was 5.61, whereas 6.04 in living with others group. Subjective ratings of successful aging were significantly correlated with sex, marital status, education, rheumatism/arthritis, MMSE-KC score, and SGDS score in all participants. Education, SGDS score were found to predict subjective successful aging in overall participant(β=0.137, p=0.003 ; β= -0.422, p<0.001). While MMSE-KC score and SGDS score were significant predictors(β=0.212, p=0.020 ; β=-0.302, p=0.001) in living alone group, SGDS score was a significant predictor of subjective successful aging in living with others group(β=-0.503, p<0.001). Conclusion:Depression and education were important predictors of successful aging in all participants, and depression was a common predictor in living alone group and living with others group. Appropriate psychiatric management of depression in elderly is needed to enhance successful aging.