Development of Data Acquisition System for Plum (Prunus mume) Growth Monitoring

( Tangina Akhter ),( Seong-jin Park ),( Jong-ho Lee ),( Seong-yoon Cho ),( Mohammod Ali ),( Gwang-shim Kim ),( Hong-joon Park ),( Hyuck-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.2

The Plum fruit cultivation is increasing day by day in all over the Korea. A low power device was developed using raspberry pi board with wireless network which is very easy to use in farm (Gyewol & Haeryong) for IOT based plum fruit monitoring. The device is consisting with a raspberry pi, one pocket wireless modem, one ADC board and sensors (Soil moisture content, Soil temperature, Soil electrical conductivity, Soil P^H, Atmospheric temperature and humidity). The system including a local Wireless Sensor Network with multiple sensor to acquire soil and climatic parameters and transmitted field data to web server. The factors affecting the plum productivity including soil moisture content, soil temperature, soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil P^H, atmospheric temperature and humidity respectively. On the basis of data collection, the soil moisture content, soil temperature, atmospheric temperature and humidity were lower in the Gyewol farm comparing to Haeryong farm. The P^H of the soil was higher in Haeryong farm, but soil EC value was lower in that farm. On the other hand, citric acid which is a functional substance, was continuously increased in all cultivar. As a result of short time observation, it is difficult to identify the correlation between growth and quality of plum. In the future, if more related data are gathered, we can find some solution to improve productivity and quality of plum in korea.

Development of a Data Acquisition System for the Long-term Monitoring of Plum (Japanese apricot) Farm Environment and Soil

( Tangina Akhter ),( Mohammod Ali ),( Jaeyoon Cha ),( Seong-jin Park ),( Gyeang Jang ),( Kyu-won Yang ),( Hyuck-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.4

Purpose: To continuously monitor soil and climatic properties, a data acquisition system (DAQ) was developed and tested in plum farms (Gyewol-ri and Haechang-ri, Suncheon, Korea). Methods: The DAQ consisted of a Raspberry-Pi processor, a modem, and an ADC board with multiple sensors (soil moisture content (SEN0193), soil temperature (DS18B20), climatic temperature and humidity (DHT22), and rainfall gauge (TR-525M)). In the laboratory, various tests were conducted to calibrate SEN0193 at different soil moistures, soil temperatures, depths, and bulk densities. For performance comparison of the SEN0193 sensor, two commercial moisture sensors (SMS-BTA and WT-1000B) were tested in the field. The collected field data in Raspberry-Pi were transmitted and stored on a web server database through a commercial communications wireless network. Results: In laboratory tests, it was found that the SEN0193 sensor voltage reading increased significantly with an increase in soil bulk density. A linear calibration equation was developed between voltage and soil moisture content depending on the farm soil bulk density. In field tests, the SEN0193 sensor showed linearity (R = 0.76 and 0.73) between output voltage and moisture content; however, the other two sensors showed no linearity, indicating that site-specific calibration is important for accurate sensing. In the long-term monitoring results, it was observed that the measured climate temperature was almost the same as website information. Soil temperature information was higher than the values measured by DS18B20 during spring and summer. However, the local rainfall measured using TR 525M was significantly different from the values on the website. Conclusion: Based on the test results obtained using the developed monitoring system, it is thought that the measurement of various parameters using one device would be helpful in monitoring plum growth. Field data from the local farm monitoring system can be coupled with website information from the weather station and used more efficiently.

Development of a Data Acquisition System for the Long-term Monitoring of Plum (Japanese apricot) Farm Environment and Soil

Akhter, Tangina,Ali, Mohammod,Cha, Jaeyoon,Park, Seong-Jin,Jang, Gyeang,Yang, Kyu-Won,Kim, Hyuck-Joo Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.4

Purpose: To continuously monitor soil and climatic properties, a data acquisition system (DAQ) was developed and tested in plum farms (Gyewol-ri and Haechang-ri, Suncheon, Korea). Methods: The DAQ consisted of a Raspberry-Pi processor, a modem, and an ADC board with multiple sensors (soil moisture content (SEN0193), soil temperature (DS18B20), climatic temperature and humidity (DHT22), and rainfall gauge (TR-525M)). In the laboratory, various tests were conducted to calibrate SEN0193 at different soil moistures, soil temperatures, depths, and bulk densities. For performance comparison of the SEN0193 sensor, two commercial moisture sensors (SMS-BTA and WT-1000B) were tested in the field. The collected field data in Raspberry-Pi were transmitted and stored on a web server database through a commercial communications wireless network. Results: In laboratory tests, it was found that the SEN0193 sensor voltage reading increased significantly with an increase in soil bulk density. A linear calibration equation was developed between voltage and soil moisture content depending on the farm soil bulk density. In field tests, the SEN0193 sensor showed linearity (R = 0.76 and 0.73) between output voltage and moisture content; however, the other two sensors showed no linearity, indicating that site-specific calibration is important for accurate sensing. In the long-term monitoring results, it was observed that the measured climate temperature was almost the same as website information. Soil temperature information was higher than the values measured by DS18B20 during spring and summer. However, the local rainfall measured using TR 525M was significantly different from the values on the website. Conclusion: Based on the test results obtained using the developed monitoring system, it is thought that the measurement of various parameters using one device would be helpful in monitoring plum growth. Field data from the local farm monitoring system can be coupled with website information from the weather station and used more efficiently.

Performance Evaluation of Long Term Monitoring of Plum (Japanese apricot) Farm Environment and Soil in Suncheon

( Tangina Akhter ),( Mohammod Ali ),( Seong-jin Park ),( Gwang-shim Kim ),( Hyuck-joo Kim* ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2

This study evaluated the characteristics of plum farm (Gyewol and Haeryong, Suncheon) using a developed Data Acquisition System (DAQ) which was able to continuously monitor soil and climatic properties. Collected data in Raspberry-Pi were transmitted and stored to database through commercialized wireless network. The DAQ is consist of one Raspberry pi, modem and ADC board with multiple sensors (Soil moisture content (SEN0193), soil temperature (DS18B20), climatic temperature and humidity (DHT 22), rainguage (TR 525i)). For analysis of the SEN0193 sensor, two commercial moisture sensors (SMS-BTA and WT-1000 B) were used in field. Linear calibration equation was developed for SEN0193 sensor with voltage reading and soil moisture content (% w.b). In field test SEN0193 sensor shows linearity (R=0.76 and 0.73) on the basis of dry oven soil moisture content (relative reference value) whereas other two sensors have no linearity. In website data, soil temperature, rainfall, humidity, climate temperature has variation with DS18B20, TR-525i and DHT22 sensors reading. This is possible Because specific farm data will be vary with the total area. Based on the results through developed monitoring system, various parameter measurement within one device would be helpful for plum growth monitoring.

Development of a Real-time Measurement Program on the Size of Plum (Prunus mume) by 3D Images

( Gyeong Jang ),( Tangina Akhter ),( Seong-jin Park ),( Mohammod Ali ),( Gwang-sim Kim ),( Jaeyoon Cha ),( Hoon Seonwoo ),( Yeong-hwan Bae ),( Hyuck-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Plums (prunus mumes) are known as an effective healthy food. Thereby, their domestic demands increased gradually, and the industry related to plum processing is also expanding. In order to improve the quality of plums and to reduce losses in production, it should be sure to avoid them to Eurytomidae, the most damaging insect. However, it is difficult to distinguish infection with the naked eye, since the larvae of Eurytomidae are inside the nucleus of the plums. Therefore, prevention of them with a remote diagnostic system to monitor the size of plums by growth stages is required. In this study, a program to measure plum sizes through 3D images was developed to improve the ability to predict optimum timing for extermination. The experiment used the Xbox Kinect 2.0 sensor, allowing simultaneous measurement of color image and depth information. To identify the plums in images obtained by Kinect 2.0 camera. Because plum shape is round, we used the imfindcircles function, which is implemented in MATLAB R2017b for the circular hough transform. However, it is difficult to recognize plums by untreated images. Hence, we adjust the sensitivity and edges of the algorithms. The edge detection algorithm was performed before circle-finding algorithm. In addition, we developed and performed algorithms using color information to remove non-fruit parts and leave green plums only. As a result, recognition success rate was 55.3% (26 Normal Recognition / All 47 objects), and error rate was 7.1% (2 recognitions error / All 28 recognition). By looking at the depth image and obtaining the depth information manually, the number of pixels corresponding to the diameter of the recognized object is multiplied by the spatial resolution per pixel. As a result, plum sizes were estimated with 9.2% error rate, limited to plums identified in color images. However, in order to collect real-time size information of plums in a field scan quickly, it is necessary to improve object recognition and the acquisition rate of depth information by complementing the imaging conditions, analysis algorithms, and algorithm designs to represent color images and depth images entered in Kinect 2.0 in the same coordinate system and Sensor Calibration. With Information and Communication Technology (ICT) convergence system, it is possible to establish optimum timing to control based on understanding the growth of plums and harmful insects. These attempt to graft ICT technologies into the agricultural sector to respond to changes of the 4th industrial revolution in the world is judged that it is possible to boost the competitiveness of Korean agriculture and to function as a catalyst for promoting fused research by combining engineering technology with pest ecology research to improve the productivity of fruit trees and horticulture.

The role of microservice approach in edge computing: Opportunities, challenges, and research directions

Hossain Md. Delowar,Sultana Tangina,Akhter Sharmen,Hossain Md Imtiaz,Thu Ngo Thien,Huynh Luan N.T.,Lee Ga-Won,허의남 한국통신학회 2023 ICT Express Vol.9 No.6

Edge computing has emerged as a promising computing paradigm that enables real-time data processing and analysis closer to the data source and boosts decision-making applications in a safe manner. On the other hand, the microservice is a new type of architecture that can be dynamically deployed, migrating across edge clouds on demand. Therefore, the combination of these two technologies can provide numerous benefits, including improved performance, reduced latency, and better resource utilization. In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of state-of-the-art research on the use of microservices in edge computing environments. We take into consideration several distinct microservice research directions, including coordination, orchestration, repositories, scheduling, autoscaling, deployment, resource management, and different security issues. Furthermore, we explore the potential applications of microservices in edge computing across various domains. Finally, the unsolved research issues and future directions of emerging trends in this area are also discussed.

매실 생산성 분석을 위한 데이터 수집 시스템 개발

서동민 ( Dong Min Seo ),탄지나악터 ( Tangina Akhter ),이종호 ( Jong Ho Lee ),조성윤 ( Seong Yoon Cho ),김광심 ( Gwang Shim Kim ),박홍준 ( Hong Joon Park ),김혁주 ( Hyuck Joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구에서는 매실 생산성 향상 분석을 위해 범용 싱글보드 컴퓨터로 제작한 원격 데이터 수집 장치를 개발하였다. 라즈베리파이와 같은 소형 범용 싱글보드 컴퓨터는 저렴하게 IoT 기반의 원격 모니터링장치를 쉽게 개발할 수 있어 중소규모 매실 농장의 생육 환경 정보 및 재배 이력을 수집하는데 활용도가 매우 높아 생산성 향상을 위한 데이터 수집 분야에서 잠재적인 가능성을 가지고 있다. 따라서 매실의 생산성을 높이는데 영향을 줄 수 있는 환경적, 생육적 요인들을 분석하기 위한 기초적인 단계에서 이러한 소형 싱글보드 컴퓨터를 이용한 원격 센싱 및 데이터 수집 장치를 개발하였다. 수집데이터로는 주변 기온과 습도, 토양의 온도와 수분함량 및 pH이다. 1차 프로토타입은 아두이노 MKR1000을 사용하여 주변온도 및 습도 데이터 수집 및 전송 장치를 제작하고 대표적인 통신사인 KT가 운영하는 IoT Makers라는 클라우드 저장소를 사용하여 시스템을 구성하였다. MKR1000을 사용한 데이터 수집 장치의 장단점을 평가하기 위해 실내 시험을 실시하였다. 현재는 라즈베리파이를 이용한 주변 기온과 습도, 토양의 온도와 수분함량 및 pH 데이터 수집 및 전송 장치를 제작하였다. 최종 개발된 데이터 수집 장치는 2017년 순천인근의 매실 밭에 설치되어 실제 센싱 데이터를 수집할 예정이며 수집한 데이터는 매실 생산성 향상과 관련된 요인을 분석하는데 사용할 것이다. 저가의 범용 IoT 장치를 활용한 원격 데이터 수집을 넓은 범위의 매실포장에 활용한다면, 매실의 생산성 및 품질 향상은 물론 매실의 이력추적관리의 기초 데이터를 적은 비용과 노력으로 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Design, Development and Evaluation of Automatic Plum Seed Remover

( Mohammod Ali ),( Seong-jin Park ),( Tangina Akhter ),( Gwang-shim Kim ),( Kyu Won Yang ),( Hoon Seonwoo ),( Hyuck-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Plum (Japanese Apricot) is ordinarily familiar with as medicinal and economical fruits. Further processing of plum fleshes amplifies its extra charges. Serious obstacles of processing is the removing of it seeds. It is presently being deseeded in the absence of suitable mechanical devices in the Rep. of Korea. An identified and developed automatic plum seed remover could reduce the flesh loss apparently, and increase its importance. Therefore, an Automatic Plum Seed Remover (APSR), was designed, manufactured and its performance was tested. The introduced APSR, which comprised of an automatic plum supplying units, plum positioning units such design is characterized by a rotating taper-shape rollers that set the plums into desired angle of positions, main punching and cutting blades, commonly used various type of cutters, namely, zero, two and four blade cutters, those are boosted for multipurpose plum flesh processing. In addition, it was used under cutter blades in the purpose of reducing pressure, increasing outputs, and getting quality fleshes. The performance parameters of the APSR are assessed including the ratios of the flesh recovery, seed recovery, seed breakage, deseeding efficiency, and machine efficiency. The evaluations were done by conducting experiments at different conditions, based on positioning competency on both fresh and frozen plums. It exhibited the better outcomes comparing with other ones. The test results of the developed machine showed, 100% deseeding efficiency, which was facilitated for both ripe and hard plums with properly calculated pressure. The developed APSR efficiency was 80 kg/h, no seed breakage occurred while using its mechanism, in case of four-blade cutter, there were significant differences in flesh recovery ratios according to the plum setting angle nearly, 0°, 15° and 180°. The developed automatic plum seed remover was recorded about 87.90 %, average flesh recovery for ripe plums and about 83.02% flesh recovery for hard plums. As a result, between both of hard and ripe plums, cutters showed significantly better flesh recovery ratios for the cause of the ripe plums. These set of conditions are preferred, because of its minimal loss, rapid operation, increased productivity, correct plum positioning and effective under cutter options as well as low breakage factor, and its automatic systems also reduce the manual labor expenditure. Hence, this APSR will take in advance plum processing technology and help to flourish the plum industry.

Development of a Plum (Japanese Apricot) Seed Remover for Multipurpose Plum Flesh Processing

Ali, Mohammod,Park, Seong-Jin,Akhter, Tangina,Kim, Gwang-Shim,Yang, KyuWon,Seonwoo, Hoon,Kim, Hyuck-Joo Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2017 바이오시스템공학 Vol.42 No.4

Purpose: Japanese Apricot, a type of plum, has various medicinal and economical applications. Plums are quite popular worldwide, but their deseeding remains a serious impediment to their processing. Therefore, a plum (Japanese Apricot) seed remover (PSR) was developed that can use various types of cutters according to the purpose of the plum processing, and its performance was evaluated. Methods: The proposed PSR, which allows multipurpose cutters, namely, zero-, two-, and four-blade cutters, to be installed, was first designed and manufactured. To identify appropriate parameters related to the cutting pressure, plums were harvested from three regions during three harvesting periods, and their geometrical and mechanical properties were measured. After application of the parameters related to the cutting pressure, a performance test was carried out on both fresh and frozen plums by identifying the ratios of the flesh recovery, seed recovery, seed breakage, deseeding efficiency, and machine efficiency. Results: The results show that, using the proper calculation of the processing parameters, 100% deseeding efficiency was facilitated regardless of the type of cutter used. However, in the case of a four-blade cutter, there are significant differences in the flesh recovery ratio according to the plum setting angle. Between the fresh and frozen plums, all cutters showed a significantly better flesh recovery ratio for the case of fresh plums. Conclusions: This machine will advance the plum processing technology, and eventually help the plum industry flourish.

Development of a Plum (Japanese Apricot) Seed Remover for Multipurpose Plum Flesh Processing

( Mohammod Ali ),( Seong-jin Park ),( Tangina Akhter ),( Gwang-shim Kim ),( Kyuwon Yang ),( Hoon Seonwoo ),( Hyuck-joo Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 바이오시스템공학 Vol.42 No.4

Purpose: Japanese Apricot, a type of plum, has various medicinal and economical applications. Plums are quite popular worldwide, but their deseeding remains a serious impediment to their processing. Therefore, a plum (Japanese Apricot) seed remover (PSR) was developed that can use various types of cutters according to the purpose of the plum processing, and its performance was evaluated. Methods: The proposed PSR, which allows multipurpose cutters, namely, zero-, two-, and four-blade cutters, to be installed, was first designed and manufactured. To identify appropriate parameters related to the cutting pressure, plums were harvested from three regions during three harvesting periods, and their geometrical and mechanical properties were measured. After application of the parameters related to the cutting pressure, a performance test was carried out on both fresh and frozen plums by identifying the ratios of the flesh recovery, seed recovery, seed breakage, deseeding efficiency, and machine efficiency. Results: The results show that, using the proper calculation of the processing parameters, 100% deseeding efficiency was facilitated regardless of the type of cutter used. However, in the case of a four-blade cutter, there are significant differences in the flesh recovery ratio according to the plum setting angle. Between the fresh and frozen plums, all cutters showed a significantly better flesh recovery ratio for the case of fresh plums. Conclusions: This machine will advance the plum processing technology, and eventually help the plum industry flourish.