최초 침전지를 대체하기 위한 고속생물막 침전지의 특성에 관한 연구

강용태,장성부,조용현 동아대학교 건설기술연구소 2003 硏究報告 Vol.27 No.1

It is not easy to find reasonable area for construction of wastewater treatment facility. and biological treatment such as a conventional activated sludge process can't remove non-point source pollutant in initial rainfall, sufficiently. So if we use physical treatment and disinfection process, combined sewer overflows don't cause significant pollution. In this study, to reduce area of wastewater treatment facility, the rapid biofilm clarifier was configurated and its characteristics were analyzed according to the velocity of filtration and cycles of backwash. Specific characteristics of the rapid biofilm clarifier with 50 ㎥/d of volume were represented that Turbidity and SS removal rate was 30.2%, 30.9% respectively, and that of BOD and COD was 22.0%, 21.0% without regard to change of quality of raw water. By comparing the rapid biofilm clarifier and clarifier of conventional activated sludge process with having 50 ㎥/㎡·d, of surface-loading rate and 2.0 m of depth, we could know the rapid biofilm clarifier could reduce area of clarifier 11 times as much than that of conventional activated sludge process. Cycle of backwash was represented as 24, 18, and 24 hours when velocity of filtration was 222 ㎥/㎡·d, 333 ㎥/㎡·d, and 555 ㎥/㎡·d, and BOD. SS biologically removed in the rapid biofilm clarifier was 342.80, 346.82 g/d, 258.08, 222.72 g/d, and 143.36, 136.52 g/d respectively.

원적산 봉수대 주변정비 기본계획

이상진,김기수,강영조,조승래,홍순연 東亞大學校 建設技術硏究所 2006 硏究論文集 Vol.29 No.2

문화재란 문화가치가 있는 사물로서 국가 가 종교적·세속적 근거에 따라 특별히 지정 한 재산이다. 문화재는 그것이 구현하는 정신적 가치와 시각적 음향적으로 표현하는 수단으로서 그 나라의 독특하고, 다양한 주체성을 보존하는 중요한 매체이기도 하다. 그러므로 문화재는 한나라의 민족역사와 문화로서 과거의 모습을 통해 현재 그리고 나아가 미래를 연결시키는 하나의 매개체인 것이다. 또한 문화재는 그 지역민에게 향토사적 인 자긍심 및 연대의식을 고취시키는 동시에 나아가 한 나라, 세계적인 관심사로 여겨 야 할 것이다. 원적산 봉수대는 양산군청 소재지에서 북쪽으로 약 9.2㎞, 통도사입구 마을인 신평에서 남쪽으로 8㎞지점에 있다. 이 봉수대는 경상남도 기념물 제 118호로써 원적산봉수대 보존회에 의해 복원된 문화재이다. 즉 다른 지역의 문화재와 달리 잊혀 져가는 문화재의 재생을 통해 다시 태어난 문화재인 것이다. 원적산 봉수대 주변정비 기본계획의 목적 은 지역민의 자긍심으로 복원된 봉수대와 주 변과 접근로를 체계적으로 정비를 함으로써 접근성, 전통성, 보존성을 높이고자 한다. 특히, 문화재보호를 위한 제반 법규 및 현지여건에 부합하는 정비방향을 설정하고, 전문 인력과 관련문헌을 바탕으로 문화재 주변을 역사성과 주민친화성, 기능성, 관광성을 함께 갖춘 문화공간으로서의 미래지향적 문화재정비 계획을 추구하고자 한다.

우심방을 침범한 거대 비호지킨씨 림프종 1예

강상범,진승원,이은경,박용현,최용호,김용주,박준철,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건,이은희 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4

중독한 추체로 증상을 보인 cyclosporine에 의한 뇌증 1예

강정현,곽승근,신현영,김성은,이정호,이정찬,곽상혁,윤환중,조덕연,김삼용,김제,송창준 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2000 충남의대잡지 Vol.27 No.1

The use of cyclosporine(CsA), a potent immunosuppressive agent, is associated with numerous side effects. Neurotoxicity was earlier less well known, but with growing experience central nervous system side effects are now reported up to 40% of patients. Among various CsA-induced neurotoxicities, tremor is most common and posterior leukoencephalopathy is well characterized. An encephalopathy presenting with pyramidal weakness, however, seems to be rare and poorly documented. We report here a case of encephalopathy presenting with multiple generalized seizures followed by fluctuating quadriparesis developed a few days after starting CsA and resolved spontaneously after withdrawal of the drug . A 48-year-old woman with aplastic anemia was placed upon immmunosuppressive treatment consisting of antithymocyte globulin(ATG), CsA, and methylprednisolone. Two days after starting the therapy, she developed a generalized seizure. The next day she developed 2 more episodes of seizure and the therapy was stopped. Computed tomogram of the brain was normal. Six days after starting therapy, she developed mild motor weakness and paresthesia of both lower extremities, which progressed to a definite quariparesis confining her to a bed in 3 days. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the brain revealed asymmetric, bilateral high-signal abnormalites in the subcortical white matter of fronto-temporal areas. After reaching to a maximum with some fluactuation(14 days after starting the therapy) the motor weakness started to be resolved. She was discharged with a almost complete resolution of the weakness 45 days after starting the therapy. Five months later she did well and brain MRI was negative.

초등교사의 과학과 환경 교육에 대한 수업실태 분석 및 인식도

조태호,서승조,백남권,김성규,박강은,박원석 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.7

The purpose of this study was to analyze the elementary school teachers' perception toward the environment-related subjects in science education and to investigate their instructional methods in delivering the subjects in the classroom. The participants of this study were 300 elementary school teachers sampled from elementary schools in Kyung Nam Province. The findings of this study were as follows; First, more than half of the teachers surveyed showed that the environment-related units and contents in the science textbook were insufficient to the existing issues. Second, the large portion of teachers responded that the teaching materials in the textbook were insufficient to deliver the contents. Third, the largest portion of respondents replied that their preferred instructional method was a teacher-directed instruction followed by a case study approach. Fourth, in terms of the effectiveness of environmental education, both male and female teachers showed negative responses. Furthermore, male teachers were more negative than female teachers. Fifth, total means of their preference of the environment-related units was 3.13. The unit for sixth graders titled 'Environmental Pollution and Protecting Nature' showed the highest preference, whereas the unit for fifth graders titled 'Structure and Functions of Plants' showed the lowest preference. Sixth, there was no statistically significance in gender and their working areas. Seventh, there was statistically significant differences between male and female teachers in terms of teaching experience. In detail, the teachers with 5 to 9 teaching experience showed the lowest scores, while the teacher with more than 15 years teaching experience showed the highest scores in their perception of the units. Eighth, there was a significant difference between two groups in terms of their educational background. For example, two-year college graduates showed higher preference than four-year college graduates.

Allylisothiocyanate 첨가가 Aflatoxin 생성 곰팡이 대사산물의 생합성에 미치는 영향

강성조,여명재,이은일,송재영,정덕화 동아시아식생활학회 1996 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.6 No.1

The effects of allylisothiocyanate on the biosynthesis of various fungus metabolites such as sterigrnatocystin, lipid, protein, citrate RNA and AMP from the culture of Aspergillius parasiticus R-716 were investigated. The content of sterigmatocystin, the precursor of aflatoxin, was lower in the culture added with 50ppm allylisothiocyanate after 48 hours, however was rather higher after 144 hours compared to that of the control. The addition of allylisothiocyanate resulted in the increase of lipid, protein, RNA in mycelium and the content of citrate in the media, but the amount of AMP was low.

정신분열병의 생물학적 원인

강병조,원승희,김상헌 대한생물치료정신의학회 1998 생물치료정신의학 Vol.4 No.2

The authors reviewed the biological etiologies of schizophrenic disorder such as genetic, viral, neurodevelopmental, neural network, sunspots and cerebral diabetic hypothesis. The etiology of schizophrenic disorder remains to be confirmed. Although genetic possibilities were suggested by many investigators, the genetic genes and their transmission methods have not been clarified yet. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis was reviewed in detail. This hypothesis includes genetic hypothesis, viral hypothesis, obstetrical complication hypothesis, neutritional deficience theory, NMDA receptor hypofunction theory and neural network theory. The neurdevelopmental hypothesis means that several developmental trajectories, related to early brain insults as well as the genetic factors affection postnatal neurodevelopment, possibly lead to this illness. An excessive pruning of the prefrontal corticocortical, and corticosubcortical synapses, perhaps involving the excitatory glutaminergic inputs to pyramidal neurons, may underlie schizophrenia.

간세포암의 고주파 열치료 후 천자침 경로를 통한 전이 1례

조영완,박석주,진한영,김준영,이재익,강명주,박정하,윤정희,박성재,지삼룡,이연재,이상혁,설상영 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-

Radiofrequency ablation(RFA), as a form of minimally invasive therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, has become an important treatment modality. Because of limitation of surgery, RFA has become standard therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma in some situations. But there are some complications of RFA such as bleeding, infection, hematoma, adjacent organ thermal damage including intestinal perforation, needle track seeding, and so on. There are few reports in the literature that systematically evaluate the incidence of needle tract seeding and its associated risk factors. And only 2 cases of needle tract seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma after RFA were reported in Korea. We report a case of needle tract seeding of hepatocellular carcinoma after RFA.

스포츠 동기 질문지의 타당화 : Ⅱ. 이론모델의 검증

강상조,한성수 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.19 No.1

본 연구는 스포츠 동기 질문지(SMS)의 이론구조모델을 검증하기 위한 것이다. 430명의 대학과 실업팀 선수들을 대상으로 스포츠 동기의 이론모델의 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 LISREL 8.12 프로그램을 이용하여 확인적 요인분석이 시행되었다. 원래의 25문항 질문지를 이용한 이론 모델의 모든 부합도 지수들은 수용 불가능한것으로 나타났다. 따라서 연구 1이 측정모델에서 확인된 14문항을 바탕으로 3개의 대안모델이 제시되었다; 기본모델, 완전모델, 전환모델. 분석결과 Butt의 이론모델(기본모델)이 다른 두 대안모델에 비하여 가장 좋은 지수를 보이며 모델로서 인정되었다. 그러나 모든 모델이 GFI, AGFI는 권장수준 이상이나 CFI, NNFI는 수용 가능한 범위를 보이며 다소 미흡한 지수를 보였다. 기타 제안모델의 추정계수들에 대한 통계적 정보를 제공해주는 세부적인 검증에 의한 t-value, 표준화 계수값, 측정오차에 의한 평가는 Butt가 제안한 이론 모델만을 지지해주는 것으로 나타났다. The present study was designed to test the validity as a structural model of SMS, Sport Motivations Scale that aggressive motivation and conflict are most likely to lead to competitive social motivation while competence is most likely to lead to cooperative social motivation. The models were tested by SMS data collected from 430 players of university and professional teams. The LISREL 8.12 computer program was employed to conduct a confirmatory factor analysis to access the tenability of theoretical model of sport motivations. A structural model by original 25-items SMS was showed unacceptable index, therefore, suggested three-alternative models(basic model, exchange model, and full model) by 14-items that verified on study I. The test result was that Butt's theoretical model(basic model) showed the most acceptable index more than other two-models. But basic model, exchange model and full model were turned out to be above the recommended guidelines on GFI, AGFI, while to be below on CFI, NNFI. In addition, others fit measures tests by t-value by goodness of fit. Standardized beta coefficients and measurement error was revaled that they supported only Butts's model.

형태학적 변인에 의한 경기력과 훈련성과의 분석

강상조 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2000 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.19 No.1

훈련을 통하여 선수들의 특정 신체부위에 특징적인 변화가 나타난다면 이 변화를 바탕으로 한 훈련평가는 선수의 신체적 최적상태를 파악하는 자료로 활용될 수 있고, 또한 훈련내용 및 훈련강도를 결정하는데 중요한 정보가 되기 때문에 지도자에게 중요한 훈련자료가 된다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 인체측정 변인과 신체구성 변인이 훈련성과를 평가하는 지표로서 적절한지 여부를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 남자대학 선수를 중심으로 태권도, 배드민턴, 수영과 핸드볼 종목 65명 (태권도 23명, 배드민턴 14명, 수영 8명, 핸드볼 20명)을 피험자로 선정하였다. 인체계측에 사용된 변인은 국제인체측정학회에서 제안한 표준인체측정 변인과 인체측정표준화요강에 제안된 측정변인으로 선정하였다. 이 변인들은 신장과 체중, 11부위의 피하지방 두께, 11부위의 둘레, 6부위의 너비, 6부위의 길이 등 전체 34개 변인이다. 모든 측정은 인체측정과 관련하여 최소한 50명 이상을 측정한 경험을 가진 6명의 측정요원에 의해 ISAK에서 제안한 표준인체측정 절차와 인체측정표준화요강에 제안된 절차에 의해 실시되었다. 인체측정으로 수집된 자료는 컴퓨터에 입력하여 변량분석을 통하여 집단별 평균치 차이를 검증하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 훈련성과를 평가하기 위한 지표로서 인체측정변인과 신체구성변인 사용의 적절성은 증명되었다. 체지방과 관련된 변인은 모든 종목에서 훈련성과를 평가하기 위한 단기지표로 활용할 수 있다. 즉 체지방은 1-2주의 훈련기간에도 훈련강도에 따라 의미 있게 변하기 때문에 단기 훈련성과를 평가하기 위한 중요지표이다. 그리고 근질량과 관련된 변인은 훈련성과를 평가하는 장기지표로 활용할 수 있다. 이는 훈련기간 및 강도에 따라 체지방 변인은 비교적 크게 변하는데 반하여 근질량 관련 변인은 그 변화 폭이 작기 때문이다. 이와 관련된 후속연구는 우수선수의 선발 및 훈련성과를 파악하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고, 선수들의 신체적 최적상태를 규명하여 선수들을 위한 훈련내용의 선정 및 훈련강도의 결정에 필요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다 The present study was attempted to compare the morphological characteristics between elite and non-elite athletic players and to evaluate the possibility of employing anthropometric variables as estimates of training effects and indicators of morphologica prerequisites in selected sport events. The four sport events such as, Taekwondo, Badmindon, Swimming, and Handball were selected from the different types of athletic events. The subjects(N=65)were selected from the athletes who had participated in winter physical fitness training program from the four athletic events selected. The anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, 11 skinfold thickness, 11 circumferences, 6 length, and 6 breadth variables were measured on the basis of anthropometric proforma developed by ISAK. The ANOVA was used to examine the mean differences of anthropometric measures between elite and non-elite athletic player groups by each athletic events and between pre and post training program. The results indicated that the % of body fat of elite athlete group had a significantly(p〈.05) lower than that of the non-elite athlete group and that the muscle mass of elite athlete group had a significantly (p〈.05) higher than that of the non-elite athlete group, regardless of different types of athletic events. It was revealed that % of body fat was changed significantly in accordance with different training intensity even one or two weeks of training are offered. It was suggested that the variables related to body fat could be utilized as short-term indicator for evaluating training effect regardless of different types of athletic events and that the variables related to muscle mass could be utilized as long-term indicator for evaluating the training effect.