Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Intervertebral Discitis as an Animal Model for Discogenic Low Back Pain :

Lee, Min,Kim, Byung-Jo,Lim, Eun Jeong,Back, Seung Keun,Lee, Ju-Han,Yu, Sung-Wook,Hong, Sung-Ha,Kim, Joo Han,Lee, Sang-Heon,Jung, Woon-Won,Sul, Donggeun,Na, Heung Sik Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - AnesthesiaAna 2009 Anesthesia and analgesia Vol.109 No.4

<P>BACKGROUND: Although numerous animal models for low back pain associated with intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration have been proposed, insufficient data have been provided to make any conclusions regarding pain. Our aim in this study was to determine the reliability of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection into the rat spine as an animal model representing human discogenic pain. METHODS: We studied IVD degenerative changes with pain development after a 10-microL CFA injection into the L5-6 IVD of adult rats using behavioral, histologic, and biochemical studies. Serial histologic changes were analyzed to detect degenerative changes. Expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), prostaglandin E (PGE), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were determined using immunohistochemistry or real-time polymerase chain reaction as support data for pain development. In addition, CGRP immunoreactivity (ir) at the IVD was considered indirect evidence of neural ingrowth into the IVD. RESULTS: There was a significant increase of the hindpaw withdrawal response in the CFA group until 7 wk postoperatively (P < 0.05). Histologic analyses revealed progressive degenerative changes of the disks without any damage in adjacent structures, including nerve roots. In the CGRP-ir staining study, the bilateral dorsal horns and IVD had positive ir after intradiscal CFA injection. CGRP mRNA expression was increased in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) at 2 and 4 wk, whereas PGE and iNOS mRNAs were markedly increased at 2 wk. The increment of CGRP expression was higher in allodynic rats compared with nonallodynic rats. CONCLUSION: Intradiscal CFA injection led to chronic disk degeneration with allodynia, which was suggested by pain behavior and expression of pain-related mediators. The increment of CGRP, PGE, and iNOS also suggest pain-related signal processing between the IVD and the neural pathway in this animal model. This animal model may be useful for future research related to the pathophysiology and development of novel treatment for spine-related pain.</P>

Isolation and Identification of Phytochemical Constituents from Taraxacum coreanum

( Sul Lim Lee ),( Saem Han ),( Hye Min Kim ),( Jeong Min Lee ),( So Youn Mok ),( Sang Hyun Lee ) 한국응용생명화학회 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.1

Phytochemical constituents were isolated from the aerial parts of Taraxacum coreanum (Asteraceae) by repeated column chromatography and prep-HPLC. Their structures were identified as β-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (2), taraxasteryl acetate (3), chrysoeriol (4), diosmetin (5), luteolin (6), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (7), esculetin (8), and 5-hydroxypyrrolidin-2-one (9) by the interpretation of spectroscopic analyses including MS, 1H-, and 13C-NMR. This is the first report on the isolation of compounds 1-9 from T. coreanum. Among the compounds, 5 and 9 were isolated for the first time from Taraxacum.

Isolation and Identification of Phytochemical Constituents from Taraxacum coreanum

Lee, Sul-Lim,Han, Saem,Kim, Hye-Min,Lee, Jeong-Min,Mok, So-Youn,Lee, Sang-Hyun The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.1

Phytochemical constituents were isolated from the aerial parts of Taraxacum coreanum (Asteraceae) by repeated column chromatography and prep-HPLC. Their structures were identified as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (2), taraxasteryl acetate (3), chrysoeriol (4), diosmetin (5), luteolin (6), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (7), esculetin (8), and 5-hydroxypyrrolidin-2-one (9) by the interpretation of spectroscopic analyses including MS, $^1H$-, and $^{13}C$-NMR. This is the first report on the isolation of compounds 1-9 from T. coreanum. Among the compounds, 5 and 9 were isolated for the first time from Taraxacum.

신이식 환자에서의 단순포진 바이러스와 대상포진 바이러스 감염에 대한 위험 요소

이설라 ( Sul Ra Lee ),문주영 ( Ju Young Moon ),정경환 ( Kyung Hwan Jung ),이상호 ( Sang Ho Lee ),임천규 ( Chun Kyu Lim ),이태원 ( Tae Won Lee ) 대한신장학회 2009 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.28 No.2

목적: 면역 억제는 신이식의 성공을 위해 불가피하나 이로 인한 감염이 신이식의 실패와 사망의 주요 위험 요인이 되어 있다. 이에 저자들은 감염 후 발생하는 바이러스 감염의 주요 원인인 단순포진 바이러스와 대상포진 바이러스의 위험요소를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 1987년 1월부터 2008년 3월까지 경희대학교 부속 경희의료원에서 시행된 344예의 신이식 환자 중 단순포진 바이러스와 대상포진 바이러스 감염으로 진단된 78예에서 유병율에 영향을 미치는 위험 요소를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 신이식 후 단순포진 바이러스와 대상포진 바이러스의 발현율은 23.6%로 높게 나타났다. 감염 발현시기는 평균 37.8개월 (이식 후 5일에서 15년)이었으며 이식 후 6개월까지 42%의 감염율을 보여 감염 초기에 높은 감염률을 보였다. 이식 당시 나이, 성별, 초급성 거부 반응과 급성거부 반응의 발생 여부, 당뇨, 이식신의 차이, 면역 도입요법 사용 유무를 조사하였다. 당뇨 환자군과 초급성과 급성 거부 반응이 있던 군에서 발현율의 유의한 차이를 보였다. 나이, 성별, 급성 거부반응, 면역억제제 (cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, tacrolimus)와 도입 면역요법은 감염의 발현에 위험 요소로서 통계적 의미를 보이지 않았고, 다만 당뇨만이 통계적으로 유의하게 영향을 주는 것으로 보였다 (hazard ratio=2.568 CI 95% p=0.022). 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 당뇨환자에서 단순포진 바이러스와 대상포진 바이러스에 대한 위험성을 높으므로 이에 대한 임상적 주의가 필요함을 시사하고 있다. Purpose: Enhanced immunosuppression for preventing acute rejection, But infection is an inevitable complication. This study was performed to evaluate the risk factors of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection which are frequent and serious complication of renal transplant recipients. Method: We evaluated the incidence and risk factors for post-transplant HSV and VZV infection in three hundred and twenty three adult renal transplant recipients. Results: The averaged period of infection was 37.8 months and 42% of infection occurred within six month after transplantation. Prevalence of HSV and VZV infection in diabetes patients are higher than that of non-diabetes patients (p=0.01). The other factors such as age, sex, acute rejection and immunosuppressive regimens, antibody induction didnt affect HSV and VZV infections in renal transplant recipients. Conclusion: As diabetic condition suggested more susceptibility to HSV and VZV infections, it is necessary to evaluate the possible occurrence of HSV and VZV infections carefully in transplant recipients with diabetes.

Apoptosis-Related Gene Expression of Porcine Parthenogenetic Embryos by Horse Serum Addition

In-Sul Hwang,Hwi-Cheul Lee,Min-Ji Kim,Seung-Hoon Lee,Hyun-Gi Lee,Won-Kyoung Chang,Jeong-Mook Lim,Jin-Ki Park,Sung-June Byun 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2008 발생공학 국제심포지엄 및 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.1

노인의 인구사회학적 특성, 자아존중감, 건강상태가 생활만족도에 미치는 영향

이설림 ( Sul Lim Lee ) 한국보건복지융합학회 2016 노인의료복지연구 Vol.8 No.1

This study was conducted to examine how the demographic-sociological characteristic, self-esteem, health state of elders in Daegu affects their satisfaction with life. The findings of this study were applied to seek a way to improve their satisfaction with life. First, age, religion, education, income, source of living expenses, subjective awareness of health, self-esteem, and health condition had a significant influence on the satisfaction with life at 0.05 or higher level of significance. Second, the satisfaction with life improved with higher subjective awareness of health, higher self-esteem, and better health condition.

신기능이 저하된 IgA 신증 환자의 관련 위험 인자

이설라 ( Sul Ra Lee ),송세빈 ( Se Bin Song ),최소영 ( So Young Choi ),정경환 ( Kyung Hwan Jung ),이태원 ( Tae Won Lee ),임천규 ( Chun Kyu Lim ) 대한신장학회 2010 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.29 No.2

Purpose: This study was aimed at finding clinical factors to be associated with a progressive course of IgA nephropathy. Methods: We investigated the association between the prognosis of IgA nephropathy and clinical and laboratory findings including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, 24-hour urine protein, macroscopic hematuria, hematuria duration, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, GFR, upper respiratory infection, pathological observation, and treatment protocols. One hundred seventy seven patients were followed up for more than 2 years at Kyung Hee university medical center from January 1997 through December 2006. Kidney size and echogenicity were measured by abdominal ultrasonography. Resistive index was calculated by doppler ultrasonography. Results: Long hematuria duration, increased uric acid, elevated creatinine of chronic renal failure group were distinguished from those of normal and acute renal failure group statistically. Using multivariate analysis, three factors, elevated serum uric acid, decreased GFR, ACE inhibitor or ARB and steroid combination treatment proved to be independent prognostic indicators of acute renal failure of IgA nephropathy. Heavy proteinuria, long hematuria duration, and severe histopathologic findings by Haas` classification were associated with significant risk factors for developing chronic renal failure. Conclusion: At diagnosis of IgA nephropathy, hematuria continuation and histological damage in Haas` classification were related with the reduction of renal function.

Thiobacillus thiooxidans MET를 이용한 중금속 제거 효율에 미치는 슬러지 성상의 영향

임설희(Sul hee Lim),이소은(So Eun Lee),이인숙(In Sook Lee),조경숙(Kyung-Suk Cho),류희욱(Hee Wook Ryu) 한국생물공학회 2001 KSBB Journal Vol.16 No.4

캠프 캐럴 인근 주민의 혈중 및 요중 휘발성 유기화합물 평가

임현술 ( Hyun Sul Lim ),양원호 ( Won Ho Yang ),김근배 ( Geun Bae Kim ),조용성 ( Young Sung Cho ),민영선 ( Young Sun Min ),이관 ( Kwan Lee ),이덕희 ( Duk Hee Lee ),주영수 ( Young Su Ju ),김순신 ( Sun Shin Kim ),허정 ( Jung Heo ) 한국산업보건학회 2016 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: Exposure to volatile organic compounds such as trichloroethylene(TCE) and perchloroethylene(PCE), along with Agent Orange, that were issued around Camp Carroll US Army Base situated in Waegwan, Chilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, Korea. The main objective of this study was to assess the exposure to TCE and PCE of residents of the area surrounding Camp Carroll. Methods: The TCE, PCE and trichloroethanol(TCEOH) concentrations in blood and trichlroroacetic acid(TCA) and TCEOH concentrations in urine were measured and analyzed in a total of 1,033 residents around Camp Carroll. TCA and TCEOH are metabolites of TCE and PCE, respectively. The information on demographic characteristics and exposure variables in relation to underground water were obtained through a questionnaire completed by the subjects. Results: TCE, PCE and TCEOH concentrations were not detected in blood. Detection rates of TCA and TECOH concentrations in urine were 98.5% and 36.6%, respectively. Creatinine-corrected average TCA and TCEOH concentrations were 12.23±23.81 μg/g and 0.66±4.31 μg/g, respectively. A significant difference was not shown between the drinking group and no drinking group for underground water, which was assumed as a potential route of exposure to TCE and PCE through the consumption of ground water. However, females drinking ground water showed a significantly higher mean level of TCA in urine than did males. There was no significant difference according to drinking ground water as a potential source of exposure to TCE and PCE in residents around Camp Carroll. Conclusions: Considering the statistical analysis of factors affecting exposure to TCE and PCE in ground water along with previous reports, TCA in urine as exposure to TCE and PCE might not be appropriate because it is found in chlorinated drinking water. Therefore, TCA concentration in urine may be the result of drinking of chlorinated water.

2003년 경상북도에서 감시체계로 인지된 장티푸스의 발생원인

임현술(Hyun-Sul Lim),민영선(Young-Sun Min),이관(Kwan Lee),임상혁(Sang-Hyuk Lim) 한국역학회 2004 Epidemiology and Health Vol.26 No.1

Epidemiologic Investigation into an Outbreak of Typhoid Fever Recognized by Electronic Data Interchange in Gyeongsangbuk-do,2003 Purpose Fourteen cases of typhoid fever occurred In Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do from May 22 to July 19, 2003. Especially, 6 cases were students of Y University located in Gyeongsan-si This investigation was carried out to study the infection source and transmission of typhoid fever and to institute an effective prevention counterplan Methods The authors conducted an epidemiologic survey from June 25, 2003 among the 14 cases, restaurants and employees of the whole neighborhood of Y University Widal test was carried out for the restaurant employees and schoolmates of the 13-year~old case Miss Kim The authors executed a pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for Salmonella typhi cultured from 9 cases The authors collected data about chloride and turbid levels of treated water from April to June in Gyeongsan-si water treatment plant and repair work records of waterworks pipe line in Gyeongsan-si city hall Results An cases had u&ed restaurants of the whole neighborhood of Y University within 2 months before the typhoid fever symptoms were developed, but the restaurant that was rarely visited by any of the patients had a case to be matched in the results of the Widal test, 9 out of 45 of subjects (20.0%) were suspicious cases or showed a value to suggest past infection. In the results of PFGE test, there were 3 subtypes, and each subtype had a similar DNA fragments array In all cases the patients drank tap water when they visited the restaurants The restaurants provided drinking water from filtered tap water rather than balled water, and all patients had drunk this water The chlorine level of the treated water was the normal value In the Gyeongsan-si water treatment plant, but in 2 times the value was the minimum standard level There was water pipe construction work in some regions of the whole neighborhood of Y University The number of gastrointestinal patients in 2003 was approximately 2 times that in 2002 at the health center in Y University. Conclusions The possibility that typhoid fever was generated in the whole neighborhood of Y University is very high Among various possibilities, the highest possibility is the pollution of tap water Intake by water leakage of a water pipe There was no case of patient Infection after strengthening of the tap water disinfection Thorough disinfection, balled drinking writer and a periodic carrier inspection are necessary to prevent additional local occurrences of these typhoid infections.