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日本語の文字種と書物の關係について -寫本の時代から版本の時代まで-
( Sasaki Takahiro ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2015 人文科學 Vol.103 No.-
Originally lacking an alphabet of its own, Japan made use of abbreviated or cursive Chinese characters to create katakana and hiragana, which stripped a character’s original semantic meaning to act as pure phonograms. Eventually Japanese came to be written using a combination of these three types of characters. The books in which these characters were written down also made use of binding methods imported from China, five types of which were used in parallel in Japan. Three of these binding methods were particularly common, and there was a status hierarchy among them, with a correlation between the contents of the work and the type of binding used. If we turn to examine the relationship between binding method and orthography, there is a clear tendency for scroll-format manuscripts to use lined paper for Chinese-character texts, but not for hiragana texts. A corresponding tendency can be found in codex-format printed books, which make use of a frame around the page for Chinese-character texts, but not in the earliest commercially-printed hiragana texts. This seems to be because while the frame used in Chinese-character texts serve to demonstrate the text is printed, hiragana printed books eliminated these in order to reproduce a manuscript format. Though some continuity remains, there is a difference in the respective attitudes displayed by manuscript and printed books towards the presence of lineation around the text. Thus, it is clear that in Japan the physical construction of the book held an intimate relationship, not just with the genre of writing it contained, but with its orthography as well.
Abundance of Veillonella spp. does not Reflect Salivary Nitrite Production after Nitrate Ingestion
( Takahiro Mitsui ),( Taichi Ishikawa ),( Ryo Harasawa ),( Minoru Sasaki ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2020 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.48 No.4
Veillonella spp. have been reported to be the most prevalent nitrate-reducing bacterial species in the oral cavity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the abundance of Veillonella spp. and nitrite production after nitrate ingestion. Bacterial samples were obtained from the tongue surfaces of 50 university students. The predominant Veillonella spp., V. atypica, V. dispar, and V. rogosae were identified and enumerated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Salivary nitrate and nitrite were measured before and 30, 60, and 90 min after ingestion of 100 ml of beetroot juice. Increased nitrite concentrations were observed in all participants, with a mean increase of 0.61 (0.42-1.10) mM expressed as the median (interquartile range). Veillonella atypica was detected in 40 subjects (80%), V. dispar in 48 (96%), and V. rogosae in 48 (96%), at quantities ranging from 1.3 × 10<sup>2</sup> to 2.8 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU/ml per subject. The strengths of the correlations of the log colony forming unit (CFU) values of V. atypica, V. dispar, V. rogosae, and the log CFU value of the three species together with the increase in nitrite levels were 0.091, 0.114, -0.228, and 0.060, respectively, none of which were significant (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that the abundance of Veillonella spp. is not related to salivary nitrite production after nitrate ingestion.
Fumito Sasaki,Shin Takahashi,Hisashi Fujita,Takahiro Yamauchi,Sumio Ayusawa 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회지 Vol.8 No.4
[Aims] Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler has many commercial strains both morphologically and physiologically similar to each other. At present, detection of polymorphism in rDNA-IGS region (Babasaki, 2006) and/or RAPD marker (Zhang and Molina, 1995) is generally used for strain typing of L. edodes. However, it is rather time-and-cost consuming. Inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP)-PCR method mainly used for horticultural crops takes less time and lower in cost in strain typing (Kalendar et al, 1999). In this study, we designed IRAP primers for L. edodes and verified their strain typing efficiency. [Method] Thirty three strains were provided for this study. Either fungal cultures on PDA or fungal tissues of fruit bodies were cut into approximately 4 x 4 x 4 mm. Total DNA of each samples were extracted by DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN). For PCR, IRAP primer set and Pfu-X polymerase (greiner) were performed. Based on LTR (Long Terminal Repeat) sequence in L. edodes, we designed one set of primers amplifying the regions between retrotransposons. Ampricons were electrophored for 50 min at 100 V on 1.7 % agarose gel with GelRed (Biotium) and evaluated under UV irradiation. [Results] The products obtained by IRAP-PCR were determined using mini-gel electrophoresis system. The band patterns of IRAP-PCR products differ among strains except the ones having the same parental cultivar. The detected bands were bright and clear without smearing. The IRAP-PCR products of fungal cultures on PDA and correlating fungal tissues of fruit bodies showed the same band pattern, suggesting that the procedure is highly reproducible. Thus, it is considered that IRAP-PCR with short ranged (ca. 1 kb) electrophoresis is a time-efficient and practical strain typing method of L. edodes.
E-mail-based Telemonitoring System of Television’s Operating State for Elderly Persons Living Alone
Kazuki Nakajima,Takahiro Motoya,Takatoshi Suenaga,Kazuo Sasaki 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
To improve the relationship between families and elderly parents who live far apart, we have developed a telemonitoring system using the television’s operating-state (TVOS). The aim of the present study was to develop a novel system that monitors the TVOS by utilizing e-mails to solve the problems of the previous system.