Implications of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease: a review on current concepts and therapies

( Sagar Verma ),( Priyanka Singh ),( Shiffali Khurana ),( Nirmal Kumar Ganguly ),( Ritushree Kukreti ),( Luciano Saso ),( Devinder Singh Rana ),( Vibha Taneja ),( Vinant Bhargava ) 대한신장학회 2021 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.40 No.2

Moderate levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for various cellular activities, but high levels lead to toxicity and are associated with various diseases. Levels of ROS are maintained as a balance between oxidants and antioxidants. Accumulating data suggest that oxidative stress is a major factor in deterioration of renal function. In this review, we highlight the possible mechanism by which oxidative stress can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review also describes therapies that counter the effect of oxidative stress in CKD patients. Numerous factors such as upregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ROS generation, chronic inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, and a compromised antioxidant defense mechanism system cause progressive detrimental effects on renal function that eventually lead to loss of kidney function. Patients with renal dysfunction are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, as risk factors such as diabetes, renal hypertension, dietary restrictions, hemodialysis, and old age predispose them to increased levels of ROS. Biomolecular adducts (DNA, proteins, and lipids) formed due to reaction with ROS can be used to determine oxidative stress levels. Based on the strong correlation between oxidative stress and CKD, reversal of oxidative stress is being explored as a major therapeutic option. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, dietary antioxidants, and other agents that scavenge free radicals are gaining interest as treatment modalities in CKD patients.

Protective Effects of White Tea (Camellia Sinensis) on Metabolic Functions and Oxidative Stress in Isoniazid-Induced Hepatotoxic Rat Model

( Rahul Kumar ),( Sagar Verma ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: Oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia are associated risk factors for developing liver disease. White tea (WT) is very similar to green tea (GT) but it is exceptionally prepared only from the buds and young tea leaves of Camelia sinensis plant while GT is prepared from the matured tea leaves. Camellia sinensis is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used for its anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. This study aimed at investigating the hepatoprotective role of ethanolic extract of WT against isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in female albino rats. Methods: Wistar rats (n=8 per group)were divided into four groups: saline-treated control, saline-treated control with WT extract (200 mg/kg), isoniazid treatment alone (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]), and isoniazid-WT extract (200mg/kg) administered orally as cotreatment. Animals were treated for 28 days and euthanized 1 h after the last drug administration. Evaluated body weight, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, g-glutamyl transferase, total protein, albumin, hepatic malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase, catalase, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)activity and glutathione (GSH). Results: WT extract prevented isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity, indicated by both diagnostic indicators of liver damage, liver functional profile, significantly inhibited CYP2E1 activity, markedly attenuated oxidative stress by improved enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants levels and mitigate malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide significantly. Conclusions: These results suggest that WT extract exerts its hepatoprotective activity by inhibiting the production of free radicals and acts as a scavenger, reducing the free radical generation via inhibition of hepatic CYP2E1 activity, increasing the removal of free radicals through the induction of antioxidant enzymes and improving non-enzymatic thiol antioxidant GSH.

Photogrammetric Analysis of Attractiveness in Indian Faces

Duggal, Shveta,Kapoor, DN,Verma, Santosh,Sagar, Mahesh,Lee, Yung-Seop,Moon, Hyoungjin,Rhee, Seung Chul Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surge 2016 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.43 No.2

Background The objective of this study was to assess the attractive facial features of the Indian population. We tried to evaluate subjective ratings of facial attractiveness and identify which facial aesthetic subunits were important for facial attractiveness. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted of 150 samples (referred to as candidates). Frontal photographs were analyzed. An orthodontist, a prosthodontist, an oral surgeon, a dentist, an artist, a photographer and two laymen (estimators) subjectively evaluated candidates' faces using visual analog scale (VAS) scores. As an objective method for facial analysis, we used balanced angular proportional analysis (BAPA). Using SAS 10.1 (SAS Institute Inc.), the Turkey's studentized range test and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to detect between-group differences in VAS scores (Experiment 1), to identify correlations between VAS scores and BAPA scores (Experiment 2), and to analyze the characteristic features of facial attractiveness and gender differences (Experiment 3); the significance level was set at P=0.05. Results Experiment 1 revealed some differences in VAS scores according to professional characteristics. In Experiment 2, BAPA scores were found to behave similarly to subjective ratings of facial beauty, but showed a relatively weak correlation coefficient with the VAS scores. Experiment 3 found that the decisive factors for facial attractiveness were different for men and women. Composite images of attractive Indian male and female faces were constructed. Conclusions Our photogrammetric study, statistical analysis, and average composite faces of an Indian population provide valuable information about subjective perceptions of facial beauty and attractive facial structures in the Indian population.

BIN FREE CITY - MAKING IT A REALITY!

( Dr. Vivek Agrawal ),( Varsha Sagar ),( Yaminni Verma ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2011 ISWA Vol.2011 No.0

‘Bin Free Project’ is one of the most ambitious municipal solid waste management projects being implemented in the city of Nagpur, India. This project caters to around 5 lakhs households (population of roughly 30 lakhs) covering the entire city. The project is an ideal PPP project and aims to reduce the number of bins in the city to minimum by providing 100% door to door waste collection and efficient transportation of the city waste 365 days a year. Kanak Resources Management Ltd., a SPV formed to implement this project is a joint venture company promoted by IL & FS Waste Management and Urban Services Ltd., New Delhi and Centre for Development Communication, Jaipur. This paper describes in details the methodology adopted, tools, equipments and vehicles deployed success factors and limitations of the Bin Free project. Presentation and publication of this paper can contribute to an understanding of the current situation and drawing attention of additional stakeholders - especially key players in the region. The findings are expected to assist the decision making process in the formulation of interventions, including policies for improving PPP projects in the region.

Photogrammetric Analysis of Attractiveness in Indian Faces

Shveta Duggal,DN Kapoor,Santosh Verma,Mahesh Sagar,이영섭,문형진,이승철 대한성형외과학회 2016 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.43 No.2

Background The objective of this study was to assess the attractive facial features of the Indian population. We tried to evaluate subjective ratings of facial attractiveness and identify which facial aesthetic subunits were important for facial attractiveness. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted of 150 samples (referred to as candidates). Frontal photographs were analyzed. An orthodontist, a prosthodontist, an oral surgeon, a dentist, an artist, a photographer and two laymen (estimators) subjectively evaluated candidates’ faces using visual analog scale (VAS) scores. As an objective method for facial analysis, we used balanced angular proportional analysis (BAPA). Using SAS 10.1 (SAS Institute Inc.), the Turkey’s studentized range test and Pearson correlation analysis were performed to detect between-group differences in VAS scores (Experiment 1), to identify correlations between VAS scores and BAPA scores (Experiment 2), and to analyze the characteristic features of facial attractiveness and gender differences (Experiment 3); the significance level was set at P=0.05. Results Experiment 1 revealed some differences in VAS scores according to professional characteristics. In Experiment 2, BAPA scores were found to behave similarly to subjective ratings of facial beauty, but showed a relatively weak correlation coefficient with the VAS scores. Experiment 3 found that the decisive factors for facial attractiveness were different for men and women. Composite images of attractive Indian male and female faces were constructed. Conclusions Our photogrammetric study, statistical analysis, and average composite faces of an Indian population provide valuable information about subjective perceptions of facial beauty and attractive facial structures in the Indian population.

Clinical and Social Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation in Older Prelinguals

Tyagi Pragya,Chauhan Divya,Singh Anup,Bhutada Mayank,Sikka Kapil,Chaudhary Tanvi,Sharma Sonam,Agarwal Shivani,Verma Hitesh,Sagar Prem,Kumar Rakesh,Thakar Alok 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives: Cochlear implantation in late implanted prelinguals necessitates a complex decision-making process for clinicians and patients due to the uncertainty of achieving adequate benefit in auditory and speech perception. This study longitudinally evaluated clinical and social outcomes of prelingually deaf children with implantation in their late childhood.Subjects and Methods: A total of 113 (49 females and 64 males) participants, with an age range of 5-15 years, were assessed for the pre-implant parameters such as hearing loss etiology, aided responses, anatomical aspects, and psychological evaluation. The Category of Auditory Performance, Speech Awareness Threshold, Speech Reception Threshold, and Speech Discrimination Score were administered to assess the patient’s auditory skills. Further, the Speech Intelligibility Rating scale was administered to evaluate the patient’s speech intelligibility at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months post-surgery. Subjectively perceived benefits were evaluated using the satisfaction rating scale and a questionnaire.Results: The statistical results showed a significant impact of cochlear implantation in all domains. Positive impact and improvement post-implantation were noted in all the spheres, including auditory, linguistic, social, and educational.Conclusions: The study highlighted that the outcomes of a cochlear implant at a later age might not parallel with the implantation at a younger age. However, this still provides measurable benefits even after a longer period of auditory deprivation.