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Rajalingam Nagendran,Yoon Jae-Hyun,Yoon Bohyun,Hung Nguyen Bao,Kim Won-Il,Kim Hyunju,Park Byeong Yong,Kim Se-Ri 한국응용생명화학회 2021 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.64 No.2
This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of coliforms and Escherichia coli across radish sprout production facilities in the Republic of Korea and to characterize isolated E. coli. A total of 324 samples were collected from three different radish sprout production units in spring and summer. Overall, the levels of coliforms were significantly higher (> 3.75 log CFU/g) in radish sprouts during summer season than in spring. E. coli was detected in the pre-harvest (50%) and post-harvest (39%) sprouts and water samples (33%) from farms B and C. Of the 48 E. coli isolates, five E. coli isolates were positive for the eaeA gene, indicative of EPEC O110, two isolates were eaeA-positive (EPEC ONT) and one isolate was ipaH-positive (ETEC O71). These three E. coli strains were identified as novel sequence types by the multilocus sequence-typing assay based on the combination of allelic profiles. In addition, the EPEC O110 isolates obtained from the stream water stored in container of farm C were toxic to Caenorhabditis elegans. It is necessary to implement safety measures during the production of radish sprouts to prevent E. coli outbreaks.
Duyen Do Tran Huong,Nagendran Rajalingam,Yong Hoon Lee 한국식물병리학회 2021 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.37 No.5
Pseudomonas cichorii secretes effectors that suppress defense mechanisms in host plants. However, the function of these effectors, including avirulence protein E1 (AvrE1), in the pathogenicity of P. cichorii, remains unexplored. In this study, to investigate the function of avrE1 in P. cichorii JBC1 (PcJBC1), we created an avrE1-deficient mutant (JBC1ΔavrE1) using CRISPR/ Cas9. The disease severity caused by JBC1ΔavrE1 in tomato plants significantly decreased by reducing water soaking during early infection stage, as evidenced by the electrolyte leakage in infected leaves. The disease symptoms caused by JBC1ΔavrE1 in the cabbage midrib were light-brown spots compared to the dark-colored ones caused by PcJBC1, which indicates the role of AvrE1 in cell lysis. The avrE1-deficient mutant failed to elicit cell death in non-host tobacco plants. Disease severity and cell death caused by JBC1ΔavrE1 in host and non-host plants were restored through heterologous complementation with avrE1 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000). Overall, our results indicate that avrE1 contributes to cell death during early infection, which consequently increases dis-ease development in host plants. The roles of PcJBC1 AvrE1 in host cells remain to be elucidated.
Dhinesh Kumar Rajendran,박은수,Rajalingam Nagendran,Nguyen Bao Hung,조병관,김경환,이용훈 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.4
Pathogen infection in plants induces complex respons-es ranging from gene expression to metabolic process-es in infected plants. In spite of many studies on biotic stress-related changes in host plants, little is known about the metabolic and phenotypic responses of the host plants to Pseudomonas cichorii infection based on image-based analysis. To investigate alterations in tomato plants according to disease severity, we inocu-lated plants with different cell densities of P. cichorii using dipping and syringe infiltrationmethods. High-dose inocula (≥ 106 cfu/ml) induced evident necrotic lesions within one day that corresponded to bacterial growth in the infected tissues. Among the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters analyzed, changes in quan-tum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) preceded the appearance of visible symptoms, but maximum quantum effciency of PSII (Fv/Fm) was altered well after symptom development. Visible/near infrared and chlorophyll fluoescence hy-perspectral images detected changes before symptom appearance at low-density inoculation. The results of this study indicate that the P. cichorii infection sever-ity can be detected by chlorophyll fluoescence assay and hyperspectral images prior to the onset of visible symptoms, indicating the feasibility of early detection of diseases. However, to detect disease development by hyperspectral imaging, more detailed protocols and analyses are necessary. Taken together, change in chlorophyll fluoescence is a good parameter for early detection of P. cichorii infection in tomato plants. In addition, image-based visualization of infection sever-ity before visual damage appearance will contribute to effective management of plant diseases.
Rajendran, Dhinesh Kumar,Park, Eunsoo,Nagendran, Rajalingam,Hung, Nguyen Bao,Cho, Byoung-Kwan,Kim, Kyung-Hwan,Lee, Yong Hoon The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.4
Pathogen infection in plants induces complex responses ranging from gene expression to metabolic processes in infected plants. In spite of many studies on biotic stress-related changes in host plants, little is known about the metabolic and phenotypic responses of the host plants to Pseudomonas cichorii infection based on image-based analysis. To investigate alterations in tomato plants according to disease severity, we inoculated plants with different cell densities of P. cichorii using dipping and syringe infiltration methods. High-dose inocula (${\geq}10^6cfu/ml$) induced evident necrotic lesions within one day that corresponded to bacterial growth in the infected tissues. Among the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters analyzed, changes in quantum yield of PSII (${\Phi}PSII$) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) preceded the appearance of visible symptoms, but maximum quantum efficiency of PSII ($F_v/F_m$) was altered well after symptom development. Visible/near infrared and chlorophyll fluorescence hyperspectral images detected changes before symptom appearance at low-density inoculation. The results of this study indicate that the P. cichorii infection severity can be detected by chlorophyll fluorescence assay and hyperspectral images prior to the onset of visible symptoms, indicating the feasibility of early detection of diseases. However, to detect disease development by hyperspectral imaging, more detailed protocols and analyses are necessary. Taken together, change in chlorophyll fluorescence is a good parameter for early detection of P. cichorii infection in tomato plants. In addition, image-based visualization of infection severity before visual damage appearance will contribute to effective management of plant diseases.