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Wide Speed-range Operation of a Dual-mode Wound Field Synchronous Machine
Muhammad Ayub,Qasim Ali,Ghulam Jawad Sirewal,Byung-il Kwon 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
This paper proposes a dual-mode wound field synchronous machine (WFSM) topology for wide speed operation. The machine stator has two winding, winding ABC-1 and ABC-2, and the current to each winding is supplied by a separate inverter. Contrary to the disadvantages in conventional brushed and brushless WFSM topologies, the proposed topology combines the advantage of achieving constant torque region by brushed operation in mode-I, and advantage of brushless in constant power region in mode-II. In mode-II, the difference in the two inverter currents creates an additional sub-harmonic magnetomotiveforce (MMF). The additional sub-harmonic is utilized for brushless operation. The advantages of the proposed topology are, constant torque region, brushless operation in constant power region, and robust rotor structure as the machine operates brushless though out constant power region. The wide speed operation is achieved by negative-daxis control along with the special inverter-current magnitude variation. A 2-D finite-element analysis is performed, and the proposed topology is analyzed.
Ismail, Muhammad,Akhtar, Naveed,Nasir, Muhammad,Firasat, Sadaf,Ayub, Qasim,Khaliq, Shagufta Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2004 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.37 No.5
Several studies have demonstrated the importance of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study sought to determine the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and essential hypertension in young Pakistanis. The frequency of the ACE I/D polymorphism was established by a comparative cross-sectional survey of Pakistani patients suffering from essential hypertension and ethnically matched normotensive controls. Samples were collected from tertiary care hospitals in northern Pakistan. Hypertensive individuals were defined as those with a systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg on three separate occasions, or those currently receiving one, or more, anti-hypertensive agents. DNA samples obtained from hypertensive (n=211) and normotensive (n=108) individuals were typed by PCR. The frequency of the ACE I/I genotype was significantly higher in hypertensive patients, aged 20-40 years, than in normotensive controls of the same age group ($\chi^2$ = 4.0, P = 0.041). Whereas no overall significant differences were observed between the I/I, I/D and D/D ACE genotypes (One way ANOVA, F=0.672; P=0.413). The association between the ACE I/I genotype and essential hypertension in individuals aged $\leq$ 40 years suggests that ACE has a role in early onset essential hypertension in Pakistan.
( Muhammad Ismail ),( Naveed Akhtar ),( Muhammad Nasir ),( Sadaf Firasat ),( Qasim Ayub ),( Shagufta Khaliq ) 생화학분자생물학회 2004 BMB Reports Vol.37 No.5
Several studies have demonstrated the importance of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/ deletion (D) polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study sought to determine the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and essential hypertension in young Pakistanis. The frequency of the ACE I/D polymorphism was established by a comparative cross-sectional survey of Pakistani patients suffering from essential hypertension and ethnically matched normotensive controls. Samples were collected from tertiary care hospitals in northern Pakistan. Hypertensive individuals were defined as those with a systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg on three separate occasions, or those currently receiving one, or more, anti-hypertensive agents. DNA samples obtained from hypertensive (n = 211) and normotensive (n = 108) individuals were typed by PCR. The frequency of the ACE I/I genotype was significantly higher in hypertensive patients, aged 20-40 years, than in normotensive controls of the same age group (x²= 4.0, P = 0.041). Whereas no overall significant differences were observed between the I/I, I/D and D/D ACE genotypes (One way ANOVA, F = 0.672; P = 0.413). The association between the ACE I/I genotype and essential hypertension in individuals aged < 40 years suggests that ACE has a role in early onset essential hypertension in Pakistan.