http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Europe and North Korea: Competing Security and Humanitarian Impulses
( Patrick M Cronin ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2012 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.17 No.2
Europe and the European Union (EU) are important actors vis-a-vis North Korea. Europe`s evolving policies toward North Korea can be examined as competing impulses oscillating between a notion that North Korea is principally a security challenge and the idea that North Korea is fundamentally a humanitarian and economic development challenge. The competition between these two impulses defines Europe`s general approach in the past and, very likely, in the future. It is useful to further dissect the key issues for both hard and soft power or security impulses. Hard security comprises five major issues: nuclear weapons and missiles; the proliferation of nuclear weapons and missiles off the Korean Peninsula; the use of force; scenarios for sudden change, destabilization or even collapse; and cyber security. These do not constitute the entire constellation of hard security threats posed by North Korea, but they do constitute the major ones, at least from Europe`s vantage point. Likewise, Europe`s view of North Korea as a humanitarian and economic development challenge can be examined further by delving into five soft power issues: humanitarian assistance (especially food and medical assistance); human rights and democracy; training and education exchanges and programs; trade and investment; and the promotion of economic reforms and economic modernization of North Korea. While some of these issues touch upon security or hard power issues, they reflect the spectrum of economic and soft power activities that engage the EU and European states, their private sectors, and their nongovernmental organizations and civil society. While these impulses are at times deeply intertwined, they are isolated here to emphasize distinct issues from a European perspective. In general, the EU is likely to be a ready supporter of a new South Korean engagement policy toward the North. However, given Europe`s present financial crisis, it may also be diverted from playing too forthright a role in such a distant region. Rather, the EU and European states are likely to stake their approach to North Korea on the basis of both South Korean and United States policy. Cleavages in approaches to North Korea need to be minimized, while Europe`s potential positive role needs to be fully employed.
Highly selective trace ammonium removal from dairy wastewater streams by aluminosilicate materials
Elaine O’Connor,Oisin N. Kavanagh,Drahomir Chovan,David G. Madden,Patrick Cronin,Ahmad B. Albadarin,Gavin M. Walker,Alan Ryan 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.86 No.-
Water is a key solvent, fundamental to supporting life on earth. It is equally important in many industrialprocesses, particularly within agricultural and pharmaceutical industries, which are major drivers of theglobal economy. The results of water contamination by common activity in these industries is well knownand EU Water Quality Directives and Associated Regulations mandate that NH4+ concentrations ineffluent streams should not exceed 0.3 mg L 1, this has put immense pressure on organisations andindividuals operating in these industries. As the environmental andfinancial costs associated with waterpurification begin to mount, there is a great need for novel processes and materials (particularlyrenewable) to transform the industry. Current solutions have evolved from combating toxic sludge to theuse of membrane technology, but it is well known that the production of these membrane technologiescreates a large environmental footprint. Zeolites could provide an answer; their pore size and chemistryenable efficient removal of aqueous based cations via simple ion exchange processes. Herein, wedemonstrate efficient removal of NH4+ via both static and dynamic methodology for industrialapplication. Molecular modelling was used to determine the cation–framework interactions which willenable customisation and design of superior sorbents for NH4+ capture in wastewater.