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Optimization of a one-step direct process for biodiesel production from blended sewage sludge
Pansuwan Supaporn,염승호 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.2
Biodiesel production from blended sewage sludge (BSS) by a one-step direct process was investigated, and optimal conditions for this process were determined. The one-step direct process comprises extraction of lipids from BSS and simultaneous transesterification of these lipids with methanol. Among the organic solvents evaluated, pure methanol showed higher biodiesel yields compared with other solvents or solvent mixtures. The optimum conditions determined included 10 mL of methanol/g-BSS, 0.7% (g/g-BSS) of H2SO4, 60 oC, 4 h of reaction time and 300 rpm of agitation speed. Under these conditions, biodiesel yield was 3.1% (g-biodiesel/g-BSS), which was 63.2% higher than that obtained under initial conditions, and 24.0%-63.2% higher than those obtained in previous studies.
Optimized Sugar Extraction and Bioethanol Production from Lipid-extracted Sewage Sludge
Pansuwan Supaporn,염승호 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.1
In a previous study, we extracted lipids from raw sewage sludge having a lipid content of 13.1% and used it for biodiesel production. In this study, the residue, lipid-extracted sewage sludge (LESS), was used to obtain sugars for bioethanol production. The LESS was composed of 2.6% lipids, 8.9% carbohydrates, 52.2% proteins, 35.3% ash, and 1.0% moisture. To process the LESS, a conventional dilute acid treatment was used, and this was optimized statistically via central composite design. A sugar yield of 75.5% was obtained under the optimal conditions: 5.9% (v/v) sulfuric acid, 85 min, and 120°C. In addition, commercial dry yeast was used to produce bioethanol from the sugars obtained from the LESS, and 1.8 g/L of bioethanol was obtained from the 5.0 g/L of sugars in the LESS under optimal culture conditions.
Bio-oil production using residual sewage sludge after lipid and carbohydrate extraction
Pansuwan Supaporn,Hoang Vu Ly,Seung-Soo Kim,Sung Ho Yeom 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.2
In order to maximize the utilization of sewage sludge, a waste from wastewater treatment facility, the residual sewage sludge generated after lipid and carbohydrate extraction for biodiesel and bioethanol production was used to produce bio-oil by pyrolysis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that sludge pyrolysis mainly occurred between 200 and 550°C (with peaks formed around 337.0 and 379.3°C) with the decomposition of the main components (carbohydrate, lipid, and protein). Bio-oil was produced using a micro-tubing reactor, and its yield (wt%, g-bio-oil/g-residual sewage sludge) increased with an increase in the reaction temperature and time. The maximum bio-oil yield of 33.3% was obtained after pyrolysis at 390°C for 5 min, where the largest amount of energy was introduced into the reactor to break the bonds of organic compounds in the sludge. The main components of bio-oil were found to be trans-2-pentenoic acid and 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid with the highest selectivity of 28.4% and 12.3%, respectively. The kinetic rate constants indicated that the predominant reaction pathway was sewage sludge to bio-oil (0.1054 min<SUP>-1</SUP>), and subsequently to gas (0.0541 min<SUP>-1</SUP>), rather than the direct conversion of sewage sludge to gas (0.0318 min<SUP>-1</SUP>).
Pansuwan Supaporn,염승호 한국생물공학회 2022 KSBB Journal Vol.37 No.3
Our previous study reported the extraction of lipids from raw sewage sludge for biodiesel production. This study demonstrates application of the residue, lipid-extracted sewage sludge (LESS) with 8.9% carbohydrate, to obtain sugars for bioethanol production. Enzymatic saccharification was adopted to process the LESS, while a mixture of two widely used commercial enzymes (Celluclast and Viscozyme at a mixing volume ratio of 2:1) was shown to be the most effective among the individual enzymes and enzyme mixtures at various mixing ratios. By statistical optimization of enzymatic saccharification process, a sugar yield of 72.0% was obtained from the LESS under the following optimal conditions: 1188.6 µL of enzyme mixture/g-LESS at 50.0 o C and a reaction time of 37.1 h. Using 5.0 and 10.0 g/L solutions of sugars obtained from LESS via enzymatic saccharification under the optimal conditions, 1.91 and 3.31 g/L bioethanol were obtained after 18 h of fermentation, respectively.
( Supaporn Pansuwan ),염승호 한국공업화학회 2016 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2016 No.0
Sewage sludge after lipid extraction for biodiesel production was used to obtain sugars for bioethanol production. The extraction of sugars was carried out by dilute-acid pretreatment, followed by enzymatic saccharification. The optimal pretreatment conditions were optimized through response surface methodology, and these were 120 °C, 85 min and acid concentration of 5.9%(v/v). Under these conditions, sugar yield was 75.5%. Enzyme mixtures (celluclast: viscozyme) at the total volume and ratio of 1:2 showed the highest sugar yield (31.4%). Consequently, more than 90% of sugar was extracted from the sewage sludge. Finally, commercial yeasts from six manufacturers were evaluated for bioethanol production, and the optimum microorganism successfully produced bioethanol using the sugars from sewage sludge.
Pansuwan Supaporn,염승호 한국생물공학회 2016 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.21 No.4
As a preliminary research for the development of feasible and economical biodiesel production using blended sewage sludge (BSS), a sustainable and non-edible feedstock, the two-step process comprised of lipid extraction (first step) and subsequent transesterification of the lipid with methanol (second step) was optimized. The total lipid content of the free fatty acid (FFA) containing BSS was determined to be 14.5% using the Blight and Dyer method with ultrasonication pretreatment, where 40.8% of the total lipid content was FFAs. The highest lipid yield of 13.5% (g-lipid/g-dry sludge), corresponding to 92.9% extraction efficiency, was obtained using 20 mL-solvent/g-dry sludge of the total solvent mixture with a 2/1 (v/v) ratio of chloroform and methanol. In the transesterification step, an acidic catalyst (H2SO4) exhibited significantly higher performance than an alkaline catalyst (NaOH). Thus, the optimal reaction conditions were 0.2% (g/g-lipid) H2SO4, 20 mL-methanol/g-lipid, 70°C and 8 h, respectively. Although the reaction temperature was increased from 50 to 70°C, we could save H2SO4, methanol, and a reaction time by 75, 50 and 66.7%, respectively compared with previous optimal conditions suggest by others’ research. Under our optimal conditions, a biodiesel yield of 39.0% (g-biodiesel/g-lipid) and an overall yield (i.e., extraction and transesterification) of 5.3% (g-biodiesel/g-BSS) were achieved, which are substantially higher than those from others’ research.