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      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        A two-step approach for producing oxygen-free aromatics from lignin using formic acid as a hydrogen source

        Hidajat, Marcel Jonathan,Riaz, Asim,Kim, Jaehoon Elsevier 2018 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.348 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A high-calorific-value oil with a high amount of oxygen-free aromatics was produced from highly recalcitrant concentrated-sulfuric-acid-hydrolysis lignin (CSAHL) using a two-step approach. In the first step, lignin-derived bio-oil (LBO) was produced by the liquefaction of CSAHL in a mixture of supercritical ethanol and formic acid. In the second step, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the LBO over sulfided CoMo/γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (CoMoS<SUB>x</SUB>/γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>), Pd/Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, and Ru/γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> catalysts was performed to produce upgraded LBO. Although the yield of the LBO was high (70 wt%), its calorific value and the yield of monoaromatics (mainly oxygenated guaiacol- and syringol-type molecules) were low (27.2 MJ kg<SUP>−1</SUP> and 4 wt% (based on CSAHL), respectively). The LBO was separated from the ethanol and used as a feed for HDO in formic acid, which acts as an <I>in-situ</I> hydrogen donating agent. HDO of the LBO over CoMoS<SUB>x</SUB>/γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> at 350 °C for 4 h produced oxygen-free aromatics, such as alkylated benzenes, indanes, and tetralins, with the high yield of 6.8 wt% (based on CSAHL). The degree of deoxygenation was high (>90%) and the upgraded LBO exhibited a high calorific value (>40 MJ kg<SUP>−1</SUP>). The effects of different HDO parameters, including catalyst loading, amount of formic acid, reaction time, catalyst type, and solvent type were assessed to gain insight into the LBO deoxygenation mechanisms.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High-yield deoxygenated aromatics (6.8 wt%) were produced from lignin. </LI> <LI> First, lignin-derived bio-oil (LBO) with 40 wt% O content produced in scEtOH-HCOOH. </LI> <LI> Second, hydrodeoxygenation of LBO over CoMoS<SUB>x</SUB>/γ-Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> resulted in >40 MJ kg<SUP>−1</SUP> oil. </LI> <LI> The upgraded bio-oil mainly consists of alkylated benzenes, indanes, and tetralins. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Depolymerization of concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin to high-yield aromatic monomers in basic sub- and supercritical fluids

        Hidajat, Marcel Jonathan,Riaz, Asim,Park, Jaeyong,Insyani, Rizki,Verma, Deepak,Kim, Jaehoon Elsevier 2017 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.317 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Conversion of lignin into high-yield aromatic monomers is investigated using base-catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) in sub- and supercritical fluids. The effects of the base catalysts (NaOH, KOH, and Na<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>), reaction media (subcritical water (subH<SUB>2</SUB>O) and supercritical methanol (scMeOH)), and type of lignin (concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin (CSAHL) and Kraft lignin (KL)) on the lignin conversion and product yields (gas, bio-oil, solid residue, and aromatic monomers) are explored to understand dominant factors determining the aromatic monomer yield. Treatment of KL lignin in subH<SUB>2</SUB>O-NaOH at 330°C for 30min results in a high monomeric yield of 21.5wt%. Under identical reaction conditions, a low amount of CSAHL (17.9wt%) is converted to aromatic monomers; the low yield results from the resistant nature of CSAHL. In scMeOH, the monomeric yields are much lower (3.3–7.8wt%), and the solid residue yields are much higher (about 26–31wt%) than those obtained from subH<SUB>2</SUB>O (monomeric yields, 6.2–17.9wt%; solid-residue yields, 16–17wt%). The most abundant monomers produced in the subH<SUB>2</SUB>O-basic media are catechols and their alkylated and alkoxylated derivatives, while those produced in the scMeOH-basic media are methoxylated benzene and toluene species because of the unique <I>O</I>-alkylation ability of scMeOH.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Concentrated sulfuric acid hydrolysis lignin (CSAHL) depolymerized in base catalysts. </LI> <LI> CSAHL is harder to depolymerize than Kraft lignin (KL). </LI> <LI> The aromatic monomer yields from CSAHL was 17.9wt% and that from KL was 21.5wt%. </LI> <LI> Subcritical water preferred to form guaiacols and catechols. </LI> <LI> Supercritical methanol preferred to form methoxylated benzene and toluene. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        고압 균질기를 이용한 세라마이드가 함유된 나노에멀젼 제조 및 안정성 평가

        마르셀죠나단히다잣 ( Marcel Jonathan Hidajat ),노종호 ( Jongho Noh ),박종범 ( Jongbeom Park ),홍재화 ( Jaehwa Hong ),김현효 ( Hyeonhyo Kim ),조완택 ( Wantaek Jo ) 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.58 No.4

        A ceramide-containing nanoemulsion was synthesized by using a High-Pressure Homogenizer (HPH) to observe its changes in properties and long-term stability. The droplet size, droplet distribution and zeta potential of nanoemulsion were examined by varying the pressure and the number of passes of the HPH. The increase in HPH pressure and number of passes decreased the average droplet size and made the nanoemulsion more uniform. However, beyond certain operating condition, the recombination between the droplets was confirmed due to droplet surface energy and emulsifier. This study also shows that the decrease in droplet size increased the nanoemulsion viscosity although only minimal changes occurred in the zeta potential. The formed nanoemulsion was then tested for its stability by storing it at 25 and 45 ℃ for 28 days. During the first week, the average droplet size increased due to recombination and then subsequently remained constant. We confirmed that ceramide nanoemulsion for industrial application could be synthesized by using HPH.

      • 초고압 분산처리를 통한 미세캡슐화 제조 기술 개발

        조완택,( Marcel Jonathan Hidajat ),김용옥,노종호,김현효 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0

        최근 식품 및 화장품 분야에 나노기술을 이용한 미세캡슐화 기술에 대한 연구가 활발하다. 특히 비타민 A, C, E 및 미네랄 등의 고기능성 물질은 항산화, 항균 및 주름방지에 효과가 있으나, 대부분 산소와 접촉하면 산화 발생된다. 본 연구는 초고압분산기를 이용해 제조한 나노입자 크기의 미세캡슐의 특성을 알아보았다. 미세캡슐화 유화액은 증류수에 코팅물질인 식물성 기름(soybean oil)과 기능성 물질인리모넨(limonene)을 사용하여 제조하였다. 제조조건인 초고압 분산기 압력과 통과횟수의 변화에 따른 물성 변화를 알아보기 위해 액적크기, 액적크기분포, Zetapotential 등을 이용하여 평가하였다. 초고압 분산기 압력이 높고 통과횟수가 많아질수록 액적입자는 작아졌지만 일정 조건이상에서는 변화가 없음을 확인 하였다. 나노유화액의 안정성을 알아보기 위해 30일 후 액적입자 및 zeta-potential를 확인해본 결과 큰 변화가 없이 안정적으로 유지됨을 확인하였다.

      • 저급원유로부터 초임계공정을 통한 불순물 제거공정 기술 개발

        조완택,지성화,( Marcel Jonathan Hidajat ),김현효 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0

        최근 가채매장량이 풍부하고 저가인 저급원유(고산도원유, 초중질원유, 셰일오일)에 포함된 다양한 종류의 불순물(납센산, 납센산칼슘, 무기물, 아스팔텐, 유기중금속, 황)을 제거하여 고품위화 하려는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 저급 원유에 포함된 불순물을 제거하기 위해 초임계 공정을 이용한 공정 기술 개발을 진행하였다. 초임계는 임계점 이상의 온도와 압력인 상태를 뜻하며, 초임계 조건에서는 낮은 유전율, 낮은 점도, 높은 확산도, 고활성 수소 발생 및 라디칼 형성이 가능하다. 초임계 공정을 통해 저급원유에 포함되어 있는 불순물을 제거하기 위해 반응 압력과 온도를 변화 시켜 실험 하였다. 실험을 통해 제조된 시료는 EA, ICP, 아스팔텐 분석을 통해 불순물 함량 변화를 알아보았다. <sup>**</sup> 본 연구는 2015년도 산업통상자원부의 재원으로 한국에너지기술평가원(KETEP)의 지원을 받아 수행한 연구 과제입니다(No.20152010103120).

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