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Kim, T.W.,Choi, N.J.,Hwangbo, J.,Hsu, Jih-Tay,Lee, Sang S.,Song, M.K.,Seo, I.J.,Kim, Y.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.10
Megaspahera elsdenii YJ-4, which was previously isolated as a producer of trans-10, cis-12 CLA, was studied for its carbon source on the CLA production. M. elsdenii YJ-4, was incubated with glucose and lactose, and cultured in batch and continuous culture systems with linoleic acid at various pHs to investigate CLA production. Batch cultures of the ruminal bacterium, M. elsdenii YJ-4, were resistant to stearic acid and linoleic acid, and little growth inhibition was observed even when the fatty acid concentration in the culture was as much as 4 mg $ml^{-1}$. Stationary phase batch cultures (0.25 mg bacterial protein $ml^{-1}$) that had been grown on lactate and incubated with linoleic acid (0.20 mg $ml^{-1}$) produced approximately 12 ${\mu}g$ trans-10, cis-12 CLA mg $protein^{-1}$ and little cis-9, trans-11 CLA was detected. Some linoleic acid was converted to hydrogenated products (chiefly stearic acid), but these fatty acids were less than 5 ${\mu}g$ mg bacterial $protein^{-1}$. Stationary phase batch cultures that had been grown on glucose produced at least 3-fold less trans-10, cis-12 CLA than ones grown on lactate. Cells from lactate-limited continuous cultures produced less trans-10, cis-12 CLA than those from batch culture, but only if the pH was greater than 6.4. When the pH of the lactate-limited continuous cultures was lower than 6.4, trans-10, cis-12 CLA and hydrogenated products declined. Cells from glucose-limited continuous cultures produced less trans-10, cis-12 CLA and hydrogenated products than the cells that had been limited by lactate, but pH had little impact on this production. These results support the idea that M. elsdenii YJ-4 could be one of the major producers of trans-10, cis-12 CLA which causes cows to produce milk with a low fat content.
Reducing hydroelastic response of very large floating structures by altering their plan shapes
Tay, Z.Y.,Wang, C.M. Techno-Press 2012 Ocean systems engineering Vol.2 No.1
Presented herein is a study on reducing the hydroelastic response of very large floating structures (VLFS) by altering their plan shapes. Two different categories of VLFS geometries are considered. The first category comprises longish VLFSs with different fore/aft end shapes but keeping their aspect ratios constant. The second category comprises various polygonal VLFS plan shapes that are confined within a square boundary or a circle. For the hydroelastic analysis, the water is modeled as an ideal fluid and its motion is assumed to be irrotational so that a velocity potential exists. The VLFS is modeled as a plate by adopting the Mindlin plate theory. The VLFS is assumed to be placed in a channel or river so that only the head sea condition is considered. The results show that the hydroleastic response of the VLFS could be significantly reduced by altering its plan shape.
Esam M. Aboubakr,Ashraf Taye,Mohamed A. El-Moselhy,Magdy K. Hassan 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.12
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous gaseousmediator plays a potential role in modulating gastricinflammatory responses. However, its putative protectiverole remains to be defined. The present study aimed toevaluate role of the exogenously released and endogenouslysynthesized H2S in cold restraint stress (CRS)-induced oxidativegastric damage in rats. Rats were restrained, andmaintained at 4 C for 3 h. The H2S donor, sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS) (60 lmol/kg) was injected intraperitoneally(i.p.) before CRS. Our results revealed that NaHS pretreatmentsignificantly attenuated ulcer index, free and total acidoutput, and pepsin activity in gastric juice along withdecreased gastric mucosal carbonyl content and reactiveoxygen species production. This was accompanied byincreased gastric juice pH and mucin concentration inaddition to restoring the deficits in the gastric reduced glutathione,catalase as well as superoxide dismutase enzymeactivities. NaHS pretreatment markedly reduced the serumlevel of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) and myeloperoxidaseactivity compared to CRS-non-treated. Moreover, NaHSpreadministration significantly abrogated the inflammatoryand the deleterious responses of gastric mucosa in CRS. Theprotective effects of H2S were confirmed by gastric histopathologicalexamination. However, pretreatment withthe H2S-synthesizing enzyme, cystathionine-gamma-lyaseinhibitor, beta-cyano-L-alanine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed thegastroprotection afforded by the endogenous H2S. Collectively, our results suggest that H2S can protect ratgastric mucosa against CRS-induced gastric ulcerationpossibly through mechanisms that involve anti-oxidant andanti-inflammatory actions alongside enhancement of gastricmucosal barrier and reduction in acid secretory parameters.
Y. Y. Tay,A. Papa,L. S. Koneru,R. Moradi,H. M. Lankarani 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.3
The driver fatality ratio (DFR) proposed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) demonstrates the relativefatality risks of occupants in various vehicle-to-vehicle (VtV) crashes. The readily available DFR is based on statistical crash data; hence,estimating the DFR of occupants for newer fleet of vehicles can be quite difficult. Three systematic methods such as the intrusion, decelerationand stiffness ratios of two colliding vehicles in side-impact accidents are proposed to estimate the DFR. A fleet of light trucks andvans (LTVs) striking a sedan car is reconstructed using the non-linear explicit code, LS-DYNA. The simulation results have shown thatthe intrusion and acceleration ratios-based approaches are in good agreement with the statistical DFR, whereas the DFR estimated usingthe stiffness-ratio based approach yielded poor agreement. The intrusion and acceleration ratios-based approaches are then utilized toformulate a combined DFR estimation model. In the second part of the study, the proposed methodology is carried further to estimate theDFR of occupants for a fleet of LTVs impacting a newer passenger car. The proposed methodology can be a viable tool for estimatingthe DFR for newer road vehicles and to improve its crash compatibility with collision partners.
김이수,이성중,최진영,김윤희,Kebede Taye Desta,Zhe Piao,최수림,남상집,강경윤,A. M. Abd El-Aty,신용철,신성철 대한약학회 2016 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.39 No.7
b-N-acetylglucosamine (β-AG) is a monosaccharidedistributedwidely in living organisms with various pivotalroles. The presence of particulates and impurities can affect thesafety and efficacy of a product for its intended duration of use. Thus, the current studywas carried out to identify and quantifythe potentially-harmful process related impurities; namely α-N,6-diacetylglucosamine (α-DAG) and a-N-acetylglucosamine(α-AG), derived from the chemical and enzymaticsynthesis of β-AG. The impurities were characterized using ahigh resolution mass spectrometry, a nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-tandem massspectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The developed method showed agood linearity (R2 ≥ 0.998), satisfactory precision (≤B6.1 %relative standard deviation), intra- and inter-day accuracy(88.20–97.50 %), extraction recovery (89.30–110.50 %),matrix effect (89.70–105.20 %), and stability (92.70–101.60 %). The method was successfully applied to determinethe level ofa-DAGthatwas 3.04 and 0.07 %of the totalb-AG,following chemical and enzymatic methods, respectively. Itcan be concluded that the enzymatic rather than the chemicalmethod is more efficient for the synthesis of β-AG. Characterizationof impurities heeds the signal for acquiring andevaluating data that establishes biological safety.
Kim, Bo-Mee,El-Aty, A.M.Abd,Hwang, Tay-Eak,Jin, Li-Tai,Kim, Young-Sig,Shim, Jae-Han Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.6
The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, simple, and qualitative acetylcholinesterase (AChE)- detection kit, based on a modification of the Ellman and ELISA methods, for the detection of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticide. The developed kits were used to screen a large number of agricultural samples (spiked and real) for OP and CB pesticide residues. AChE was extracted from the heads of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) using Triton X-100, and was purified through 3 steps: diethylaminoethylcellulose chromatography (DEAE), affinity chromatography and membrane filtering, and Mono-Q column chromatography. Epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B affinity chromatography was used for large-scale purification. The presence of OP and CB pesticide residues in agricultural samples was assayed on the basis of AchE inhibition value. The presence (6 bands) or absence of some colored bands on the test line indicated a negative or positive result, respectively. The limits of detection for measured organophosphorus (OP) and carbamates (CB) pesticide residues in standard pesticide solutions and fortified samples were ranged from 0.50 to 2.50 ppm and 0.50 to 4.75 ppm, respectively.