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Effect of Shield Line on Noise Margin and Refresh Time of Planar DRAM Cell for Embedded Application
Junghwan Lee,Seongdo Jeon,장성근 한국전자통신연구원 2004 ETRI Journal Vol.26 No.6
In this paper we investigate the effect of a shield metal line inserted between adjacent bit lines on the refresh time and noise margin in a planar DRAM cell. The DRAM cell consists of an access transistor, which is biased to 2.5V during operation, and an NMOS capacitor having the capacitance of 10fF per unit cell and a cell size of 3.63 μm2. We designed a 1Mb DRAM with an open bit-line structure. It appears that the refresh time is increased from 4.5 ms to 12 ms when the shield metal line is inserted. Also, it appears that no failure occurs when Vcc is increased from 2.2 V to 3 V during a bump up test, while it fails at 2.8 V without a shield metal line. Raphael simulation reveals that the coupling noise between adjacent bit lines is reduced to 1/24 when a shield metal line is inserted, while total capacitance per bit line is increased only by 10%.
Lee, Lim-Kyu,Kim, Ju-Hyun,Kim, Mee-Young,Lee, Jeong-Uk,Yang, Seung-Min,Jeon, Hye-Joo,Lee, Won-Deok,Noh, Ji-Woong,Kwak, Taek-Yong,Jang, Sung-Ho,Lee, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Bokyung,Kim, Junghwan The Society of Physical Therapy Science 2014 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL THERAPY SCIENCE Vol.26 No.5
<P> [Purpose] An understanding of pain is very important in the study of nanophysiotherapy. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of endothelin-1 (ET-1)- and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related pain, and suggest their applications in pain physiotherapy. [Method] This review focuses on the signal transduction of pain and its mechanisms. [Results] Our reviews show that mechanisms of ET-1- and MAPK-related pain exist. [Conclusions] In this review article, we carefully discuss the signal transduction in ET-1- and MAPK-related pain with reference to pain nanophysiotherapy from the perspective of nanoparticle-associated signal transduction.</P>
Introducing paired electric dipole layers for efficient and reproducible perovskite solar cells
Lee, Jong-Hoon,Kim, Junghwan,Kim, Geunjin,Shin, Dongguen,Jeong, Song Yi,Lee, Jinho,Hong, Soonil,Choi, Jin Woo,Lee, Chang-Lyoul,Kim, Heejoo,Yi, Yeonjin,Lee, Kwanghee The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.11 No.7
<P>Elimination of charge trapping at defects is highly challenging for poly-crystalline organometal halide perovskites. Here, we report a new architecture for reinforcing the built-in electric field (<I>E</I>in) across the photoactive layer with a pair of strong electric dipole layers (EDLs). The paired EDLs significantly intensify the <I>E</I>in across the perovskite layer, resulting in suppressed charge trapping of photogenerated charges. As a result, our low-temperature processed P-I-N planar PeSC devices using the paired EDLs exhibit a higher power conversion efficiency (<I>η</I>max ∼ 19.4%) and a smaller device-to-device variation with a standard deviation (S.D.) of 0.70%, which far surpass those (<I>η</I>max ∼ 17.8%, S.D. ∼ 1.1%) of the devices with typical charge transport layers.</P>
Printed cylindrical lens pair for application to the seam concealment in tiled displays
Lee, Seunghwan,Lee, Seungjae,Yoon, Hyungsoo,Lee, Chang-Kun,Yoo, Chanhyung,Park, Jongjang,Byun, Junghwan,Kim, Geonhee,Lee, Byeongmoon,Lee, Byoungho,Hong, Yongtaek The Optical Society 2018 Optics express Vol.26 No.2
JUNGHWAN LEE 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2013 Acta Koreana Vol.16 No.1
In the present Chinese-character cultural sphere, the term konghwa has been used as the standard translation of republic. This semantic equation raises a question, how konghwa, which originally refers to the konghwa regency in ancient China and literally means “cooperation and harmony,” came to be associated with this Western concept, which etymologically means “public thing” or “public good.” The answer to this question will also have a profound influence on our understanding of Article 1 of the constitution of South Korea, which stipulates “Taehan min’guk shall be a minju konghwaje,” a seemingly pleonastic expression, as shown in the English translation: “The ‘Republic’ of Korea shall be a democratic ‘republic.’” To address these interrelated questions, this work explores the linguistic and historical contexts of early modern Japan, China, and Korea, where the initial association was made between the words konghwa and republic, and also the period when the official name of South Korea and its constitution were initially created. In conclusion, this article provides answers to these questions by showing the close association between konghwa and the political system of the United States, particularly, the indirect voting system for its presidential election.
A Selective Retraction-Based RRT Planner for Various Environments
Junghwan Lee,OSung Kwon,Liangjun Zhang,Sung-Eui Yoon IEEE 2014 IEEE transactions on robotics Vol.30 No.4
<P>We present a novel randomized path planner for rigid robots to efficiently handle various environments that have different characteristics. We first present a bridge line test that can identify narrow passage regions and then selectively performs an optimization-based retraction only at those regions. We also propose a noncolliding line test, which is a dual operator to the bridge line test, as a culling method to avoid generating samples near wide-open free spaces. These two line tests are performed with a small computational overhead. We have tested our method with different benchmarks that have varying amounts of narrow passages. Our method achieves up to several times improvements over prior RRT-based planners and consistently shows the best performance across all the tested benchmarks.</P>
Lee, Hyungman,Lee, Dongjin,Hwang, Junghwan,Nam, Dongil,Byeon, Changwan,Ko, Seung Hwan,Lee, Seungsub Optical Society of America 2014 Optics express Vol.22 No.8
<P>In this study, we propose new fusion technology to overcome the limitations of the current printing process for printed electronics. The combinative slot-die coating and laser direct writing on a roll-to-roll (R2R) basis was studied and applied to the fabrication of piezoresistive strain gauges. Piezoresistive sensors were fabricated for the first time by this developed fusion technology. A parametric study was performed for the R2R process, followed by a comparison of the fabricated functional devices with commercial products, which confirmed a 40% increase in the gauge factor of the fabricated sensors over the commercial product. The combinative manufacturing process for functional device fabrication will open a new chapter in the future of printed electronics due to its large area capacity at low cost.</P>