생물소재를 이용한 황색포도상구균의 바이오필름 억제 연구

신계호 ( Kyeho Shin ),윤유나 ( Yuna Yun ),전기붕 ( Giboong Jeon ),이태룡 ( Tae Ryong Lee ),이성원 ( Sungwon Yi ),조준철 ( Jun-cheol Cho ),박지용 ( Jiyong Park ) 대한화장품학회 2011 대한화장품학회지 Vol.37 No.4

바이오필름은 부유 미생물이 피부 표면에 부착되어 형성된 미생물 집락이며 형질적ㆍ생화학적 특성에서 부유 상태와는 차이가 있다. 바이오필름으로 증식하는 미생물은 부유 상태의 미생물 보다 숙주의 방어나 항생제에 대한 저항성이 훨씬 높기 때문에 바이오필름이 형성되면 감염 상태를 치료하기 위해 더욱 많은 항생제를 사용해야 한다. 따라서 감염된 세균의 내성을 피하면서 치료를 하기 위해서는 단순히 세균을 사멸하는 것이 아니라 표적을 달리하는 새로운 전략이 필요하다. 이번 연구에서는 아토피 등 염증성 피부 질환의 원인균의 S. aureus의 바이오필름을 억제하는 기작에 초점을 맞추어 연구를 진행하였다. 이 연구의 목적은 S. aureus의 바이오필름의 형성을 억제하여 피부질환을 조절할 수 있는 후보 물질을 찾는 데에 있다. 슬라이드글라스를 human placental 콜라겐으로 코팅하고 시험 물질과 함께 배양하여 억제된 바이오필름의 양을 crystal violet 염색법으로 측정하여 정량적으로 측정하였다. 이 실험에서는 표준균인 S. aureus ATCC 6538 strain이 사용되었다. 실험 결과 편백다당체가 바이오필름의 형성을 강하게 억제하였으며 녹차다당체와 황촉규근은 오히려 바이오필름의 형성을 촉진하였다. 자일리톨은 1 %의 낮은 농도에서는 바이오필름을 촉진하나 그 이상의 높은 농도인 3 %와 5 %에서는 억제하여 농도 의존적인 결과를 보였다. Biofilms are surface-attached microbial communities with phenotypic and biochemical properties distinct from free-living planktonic cells. Biofilm bacteria show much greater resistance than planktonic counterparts and much higher concentration of biocide is needed to treat biofilms compared to the dosage used for planktonic bacteria. As a result, alternative strategies or more effective agents exhibiting activity against biofilm-producing micro-organisms are of great interest. Therefore, we turned our attention to control of biofilm of S. aureus. The aims of this research are to investigate substances which inhibit the formation of biofilm by S. aureus and to suggest effective materials for controlling skin problems. We coated slide glasses with human placental collagen and the coverslip was incubated with test materials and bacteria. The coverslip was stained with crystal violet and we measured optical density of each sample. The biofilm inhibitory activity was calculated by crystal violet staining degrees. In this study, S. aureus ATCC 6538 was used as test organism. Our results show that both water soluble and insoluble Hinoki cypress polysaccharide strongly inhibited biofilm formation. Whereas, green tea and sunset hibiscus root extract promoted biofilm. Xylitol showed a concentration dependent effect; high concentration (3 % and 5 %) of xylitol reduced biofilm while promoted biofilm formation at a concentration of 1 %. These results support that Hinoki cypress polysaccharide and xylitol have ability to suppress biofilm formation.

샤시계 체결법에 따른 볼트 축력 산포 비교 연구

백승진(Seungjin Baek),이계호(Kyeho Lee),신준섭(Junseob Shin),박민수(Minsoo Park),김성구(Seonggoo Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2018 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2018 No.11

Torque control and angle control are used as automotive chassis parts tightening method. In general, torque controlled tightening method is used in elastic range and angle controlled tightening method is used in plastic range of bolts. This paper describe experimental analysis of bolt axial force scatter by ultrasonic bolt tension measurement about torque control and angle control in elastic range of bolts.

Variation of cutaneous biophysical parameters in Korean and Chinese women with age, climate, and cosmetic habits

( Ji Su Lee ),( Jaehyoun Ha ),( Kyeho Shin ),( Hyojung Kim ),( Soyun Cho ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Cutaneous biophysical parameters which are measured using commercial non-invasive methods are known to reflect skin functions. Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the variations of cutaneous biophysical parameters in Chinese and Korean women and to assess the association between those parameters and age, climate, and cosmetic habits. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 361 healthy Chinese and Korean women between 18 and 49 years of age in 4 cities (Guangzhou, Nanjing, and Shijiazhuang in China, and Suwon in Korea). Cutaneous biophysical parameters, demographic profiles and cosmetic habits were assessed using non-invasive instruments and questionnaire. Results: Skin elasticity and tone decreased, and pore size and wrinkle increased with age. Skin surface temperature, hydration, TEWL, and sebum output were not significantly influenced by aging. Suwon (Korean) showed a better profile in oil-to-water balance (higher hydration level, lower TEWL and sebum), less severe wrinkle and brighter skin than the 3 cities in China. After adjusting for age and region, using sunscreen with high SPF and PA index, wearing base makeup daily, and using moisturizers improved hydration, TEWL, and elasticity significantly. Conclusion: Korean women have a better profile of biophysical parameters than Chinese, which might be attributed to cosmetic habits, besides age and climatic factors. An appropriate use of cosmetics could be helpful in delaying skin aging and preserving skin functions.

Expression Levels of GABA-A Receptor Subunit Alpha 3, Gabra3 and Lipoprotein Lipase, Lpl Are Associated with the Susceptibility to Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity

( Minjeong Kim ),( Jun-won Yun ),( Kyeho Shin ),( Yejin Cho ),( Mijeong Yang ),( Ki Taek Nam ),( Kyung-min Lim ) 한국응용약물학회 2017 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.25 No.2

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the serious and fatal drug-associated adverse effect, but its incidence is very low and individual variation in severity is substantial. Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury accounts for >50% of reported DILI cases but little is known for the cause of individual variations in the severity. Intrinsic genetic variation is considered a key element but the identity of the genes was not well-established. Here, pre-biopsy method and microarray technique was applied to uncover the key genes for APAP-induced liver injury in mice, and a cause and effect experiment employing quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to confirm the correlation between the uncovered genes and APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. We identified the innately and differentially expressed genes of mice susceptible to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in the pre-biopsied liver tissue before APAP treatment through microarray analysis of the global gene expression profiles (Affymetrix GeneChip^® Mouse Gene 1.0 ST for 28,853 genes). Expression of 16 genes including Gdap10, Lpl, Gabra3 and Ccrn4l were significantly different (t-test: FDR <10%) more than 1.5 fold in the susceptible animals than resistant. To confirm the association with the susceptibility to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, another set of animals were measured for the expression level of selected 4 genes (higher two and lower two genes) in the liver pre-biopsy and their sensitivity to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated by post hoc. Notably, the expressions of Gabra3 and Lpl were significantly correlated with the severity of liver injury (p<0.05) demonstrating that these genes may be linked to the susceptibility to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.

Expression Levels of GABA-A Receptor Subunit Alpha 3, Gabra3 and Lipoprotein Lipase, Lpl Are Associated with the Susceptibility to Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity

Kim, Minjeong,Yun, Jun-Won,Shin, Kyeho,Cho, Yejin,Yang, Mijeong,Nam, Ki Taek,Lim, Kyung-Min The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2017 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.25 No.2

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the serious and fatal drug-associated adverse effect, but its incidence is very low and individual variation in severity is substantial. Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury accounts for >50% of reported DILI cases but little is known for the cause of individual variations in the severity. Intrinsic genetic variation is considered a key element but the identity of the genes was not well-established. Here, pre-biopsy method and microarray technique was applied to uncover the key genes for APAP-induced liver injury in mice, and a cause and effect experiment employing quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to confirm the correlation between the uncovered genes and APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. We identified the innately and differentially expressed genes of mice susceptible to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in the pre-biopsied liver tissue before APAP treatment through microarray analysis of the global gene expression profiles (Affymetrix $GeneChip^{(R)}$ Mouse Gene 1.0 ST for 28,853 genes). Expression of 16 genes including Gdap10, Lpl, Gabra3 and Ccrn4l were significantly different (t-test: FDR <10%) more than 1.5 fold in the susceptible animals than resistant. To confirm the association with the susceptibility to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, another set of animals were measured for the expression level of selected 4 genes (higher two and lower two genes) in the liver pre-biopsy and their sensitivity to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was evaluated by post hoc. Notably, the expressions of Gabra3 and Lpl were significantly correlated with the severity of liver injury (p<0.05) demonstrating that these genes may be linked to the susceptibility to APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.

Different Cosmetic Habits Can Affect the Biophysical Profile of Facial Skin: A Study of Korean and Chinese Women

( Ji Su Lee ),( Jaehyoun Ha ),( Kyeho Shin ),( Hyojung Kim ),( Soyun Cho ) 대한피부과학회 2019 Annals of Dermatology Vol.31 No.2

Background: Previous studies on the age-, climate, and skin care habit-related changes of biophysical parameters have mainly focused on Caucasians, and studies on Asians are in paucity. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the variations of cutaneous biophysical parameters in Chinese and Korean women (northeast Asians) and to assess the association between those parameters and age, climate, and cosmetic habits. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 361 healthy Chinese and Korean women between 18 and 49 years of age in 4 cities (Guangzhou, Nanjing, and Shijiazhuang in China, and Suwon in Korea). We measured skin surface temperature, hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum, elasticity, skin pore, wrinkle, and skin tone (brightness) using non-invasive instruments. Demographic profiles and cosmetic habits were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: Skin elasticity and tone decreased, and pore size and wrinkle increased with age. Subjects in Suwon (Korean) showed higher hydration level, lower TEWL and lower sebum, less severe wrinkle and brighter skin than those in the 3 cities in China. After adjusting for age and region, using sunscreen everyday, wearing base makeup daily, and using moisturizers improved hydration, TEWL, and elasticity significantly. Conclusion: Women in Suwon (Korea) were found to have a better profile of biophysical parameters than women in the 3 Chinese cities, which might be attributed to cosmetic habits, besides age and climatic factors. The fact that appropriate cosmetic habits are associated with favorable skin biophysical parameters underscores the importance of daily skin care routine in preserving skin functions. (Ann Dermatol 31(2) 175∼185, 2019)

Different Cosmetic Habits Can Affect the Biophysical Profile of Facial Skin: A Study of Korean and Chinese Women

( Ji Su Lee ),( Jaehyoun Ha ),( Kyeho Shin ),( Hyojung Kim ),( Soyun Cho ) 한국피부장벽학회 2018 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Background: Cutaneous biophysical parameters which are measured using commercial non-invasive methods are known to reflect skin functions. Previous studies on the age-, climate, and skin care habit-related changes of biophysical parameters have mainly focused on Caucasians, and studies on Asians are in paucity. Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the variations of cutaneous biophysical parameters in Chinese and Korean women (northeast Asians) and to assess the association between those parameters and age, climate, and cosmetic habits. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 361 healthy Chinese and Korean women between 18 and 49 years of age in 4 cities (Guangzhou, Nanjing, and Shijiazhuang in China, and Suwon in Korea). We measured skin surface temperature, hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum, elasticity, skin pore, wrinkle, and skin tone (brightness) using non-invasive instruments. Demographic profiles and cosmetic habits were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: Skin elasticity and tone decreased, and pore size and wrinkle increased with age. Skin surface temperature, hydration, TEWL, and sebum output were not significantly influenced by aging. Four cities showed different climate (temperature and relative humidity) and cosmetic habits. Suwon (Korean) showed higher hydration level, lower TEWL and lower sebum, less severe wrinkle and brighter skin than the 3 cities in China. After adjusting for age and region, using sunscreen everyday, wearing base makeup daily, and using moisturizers improved hydration, TEWL, and elasticity significantly. Conclusions: Korean women were found to have a better profile of biophysical parameters than Chinese women, which might be attributed to cosmetic habits, besides age and climatic factors. The fact that appropriate cosmetic habits are associated with favorable skin biophysical parameters underscores the importance of daily skin care routine in preserving skin functions.

Facial Cutaneous Characteristics of Korean and Chinese Women

( Ji Su Lee ),( Soyun Cho ),( Jaehyoun Ha ),( Kyeho Shin ),( Hyojung Kim ) 한국피부장벽학회 2016 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Background: Comparative data on facial cutaneous characteristics of Korean and Chinese women are lacking. Materials and Methods: In order to understand the geographical characteristics and differences in the facial skin of Korean and Chinese women, a clinical study was performed from Dec. 2015 to Jan. 2016 in Seoul, Korea, and 3 cities in China, Shijiazhuang, Nanjing and Guangzhou, representing northern, middle and southern parts of eastern China, respectively. A total of 361 subjects, at least 80 from each city, were given a questionnaire and were evaluated objectively for skin hydration, sebum, skin temperature, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), scaliness, wrinkles, elasticity, skin color, pore size, sensitivity and acne. In each region, the subjects were subdivided into 4 groups of at least 20 subjects each: group 1 (18-21 yrs), group 2 (22-25 yrs), group 3 (26-37 yrs) and group 4 (38-49 yrs). Results: Eighty-eight subjects from Seoul, 95 from Shijiazhuang, 86 from Nanjing, and 92 from Guangzhou participated in the study. For self-perceived skin type, Korean subjects had the highest proportion of dry skin, followed by Chinese subjects in Shijiazhuang, Guangzhou and Nanjing in decreasing order. For facial wash, Koreans used double washing most commonly, whereas Chinese used one product most frequently. Most preferred skin care product was elasticity-enhancing product in Koreans and moisturizer in Chinese. Most frequently used sunscreen product had SPF>50 and PA+++ in Koreans, whereas in Chinese SPF 16-30 and PA++ was by far the most used. Hydration status of stratum corneum was highest in subjects from Seoul, followed by Nanjing, Shijiazhuang and Guangzhou. Oiliness as measured by sebumeter was highest in subjects from Nanjing, followed by Guangzhou, Seoul and Shijiazhuang. Hence, a severe imbalance between hydration and oiliness was found in subjects from Nanjing and Guangzhou. TEWL was highest in subjects from Nanjing, followed by Guangzhou, Shijiazhuang and Seoul. Skin temperature and degree of facial erythema was highest in Shijiazhuang. Skin tone as measured by spectrophotometer was the darkest in Shijiazhuang, followed by Guangzhou, Nanjing and Seoul. Women in Nanjing and Shijiazhuang had the most wrinkles and skin pores, followed by Guangzhou and Seoul. The degree of wrinkles showed a steeper slope as subjects aged in China, whereas it was more gradual in Korea. There was a correlation between pore size and wrinkles across all groups. Conclusion: Chinese women in different geographical locations have different facial skin characteristics, with subjects in Shijiazhuang demonstrating the most photodamaged phenotype and those in Nanjing showing the oiliest skin. Knowledge of these differences may aid in developing specific skin care products for these populations.

시각적 염색 방법을 이용한 마우스워시의 구강균에 대한 항균효과 확인

박태훈 ( Taehun Park ),조정훈 ( Jeong Hun Cho ),성영은 ( Youngeun Sung ),조준철 ( Jun-cheol Cho ),신계호 ( Kyeho Shin ) 대한화장품학회 2014 대한화장품학회지 Vol.40 No.2

충치는 사람의 구강질환 중 가장 흔한 질환으로 Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)균이 초기 충치를 형성하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)는 대표적인 구취 유발균으로 구취 형성에 중요한 휘발성 황화합물을 생성하는데 관여한다. 치주질환은 치은결체조직과 치조골의 파괴를 유발하여 치아의 상실을 초래할 수 있는 만성 염증성 질환으로 Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia)가 원인균이다. 이번 연구에서는 cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium fluoride (NaF), 녹차 추출액, 솔잎 추출액을 유효성분으로 하는 마우스워시 제품을 사용하여 S. mutans 균을 포함, 구강질환 균으로 널리 알려진 P. gingivalis, P. intermedia 대해 항균 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과 시험군의 경우 S. mutans, P. gingivalis에 대해 30 s 내에 4.00 Log, 4.68 Log의 사멸력을 확인하였고, P. intermedia의 경우 30 s 2.40 Log, 60 s 2.70 Log 사멸력을 확인하였다. 또한 Dentocult SM Strip mutans (SM Strip) 염색방법을 적용하여 S. mutans 균의 감소여부를 시각적 자료로 쉽게 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 CPC, NaF, 녹차 추출액, 솔잎 추출액을 포함한 마우스워시 제품은 구강균 사멸을 통해 충치 및 구취와 같은 구강질환 예방에 효과가 있을 것으로 기대한다. Dental caries are one of the most common oral diseases and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays an important role in the initiation and progression of dental caries. Oral malodor is primarily the result of microbial metabolism such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) that produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), causing oral malodor. Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) is known as typical periodontopathic bacteria, and periodontal disease is chronic inflammatory disease that leads to damage of gingival connective tissue and alveolar bone, eventually loss of teeth. In this study, we investigated antimicrobial effect of mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium fluoride (NaF), green tea water extract and pine needles water extract against cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria sucn as S. mutans, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. As a result, the reduction ratios of S. mutans and P. gingivalis were 4.00 Log and 4.68 Log reduction for 30 s, and P. intermedia were 2.40 Log reduction for 30 s and 2.70 Log reduction for 60 s. Dentocult SM Strip mutans (SM Strip) provides easy detection of visual data showing a significant inhibition on S. mutans. In conclusion, we expected that mouthwash containing CPC, NaF, green tea water extract and pine needles water extract could help preventing the dental disease like dental caries and oral malodor.

자외선차단제품의 방부력 확보를 위한 방부제와 자외선 차단제, 제품 포장재의 상관성 연구

박태훈 ( Taehun Park ),곽일영 ( Il Young Kwack ),전기붕 ( Gi Boong Jeon ),김현희 ( Hyun Hee Kim ),김한곤 ( Hankon Kim ),신계호 ( Kyeho Shin ) 대한화장품학회 2010 대한화장품학회지 Vol.36 No.4

화장품에서 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 대표적인 자외선차단 원료들과 방부제인 phenoxyethanol (PE), 항균효과가 있는 ethylhexylglyceirn (EG)의 분배계수와 흡착도를 측정하여 비교하였고, 제품의 포장재 재질에 따라 PE가 흡착되는 정도를 비교하였다. PE, EG에 대한 11개 자외선 차단제의 분배계수는 EG가 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며 그중 Tinsorb M, Solaveil CT434가 높은 분배계수를 보였다. 40 % 이상의 EG 흡착을 보인 자외선 차단 원료는 Gransil PSQ, UV Titan M 160, Micro TiO2 MT 100 TV였고, Gransil PSQ와 Scadder는 40 % 이상의 PE를 흡착하였다. 또한 PE는 포장재 원료인 polyoxymethylene에 의해 1개월 후 7 ~ 8 % 흡착됨을 확인하였다. 자외선차단제품의 방부처방을 설계할 때 사용되는 자외선 차단제와 방부제와의 상관성을 고려하여 적절한 방부제 및 차단제를 선정해야 적은 방부제로도 최적의 방부력을 갖는 제품 설계가 가능함을 보여준다. 또한 포장재의 종류에 따라 시간이 경과하면서 방부제가 포장재에 흡착되어 방부력이 저하될 수 있음을 확인하였다. We measured and compared the partition coefficients and absorption levels of preservative phenoxyethanol (PE), antimicrobial ethylhexylglycerin (EG) and UV-filters widely used in cosmetic products and more specifically evaluated the relative absorption level of PE depending on various packaging materials. The resulting partition coefficients of 11 UV filters in relation to PE and EG displayed EG with a relatively higher partition coefficients. The partition coefficients of Tinsorb M and Solaveil CT434 were also high. Among the UV-filter ingredients with EG absorption levels exceeding 40 % were Gransil PSQ, UV Titan M 160 and Micro TiO₂ MT 100 TV, whereas Gransil PSQ and Scadder showed PE absorption levels above 40 %. In addition, we confirmed that PE had displayed an absorption level of 7 ~ 8 % as a result of 1 month-long exposure to packaging material polyoxymethylene. This extensive research illustrates the possibility of producing the most potent preservative contents based on studying the relative compatibility between UV-filters and preservatives and selecting the adequate preservatives to be used. Furthermore, preservative level can also decline with passage of time depending on the type of packaging material used.