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Kundu, Chandan,Jeong, So-Yeon,Lee, Jae-Won Elsevier 2016 Bioresource technology Vol.208 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Electrodialysis (ED) was used to develop a multistage oxalic acid recovery and pretreatment system to produce ethanol from deacetylated yellow poplar. Pretreatment of the biomass was performed at 150°C for 42min using 0.16M oxalic acid. The efficiency of oxalic acid recovery from the hydrolysate reached up to 92.32% in all the stages. Ethanol production and ethanol yield of ED-treated hydrolysate in each stage showed a uniform pattern ranging from 6.81g/L to 7.21g/L and 0.40g/g to 0.43g/g, respectively. The results showed that efficiency of ethanol production increased when deacetylated biomass and ED process was used. Ethanol yield from the pretreated biomass using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was in the range of 80.59–83.36% in all the stages. The structural characterization of the pretreated biomass at each stage was investigated and structural changes were not significantly different among the various pretreated biomass.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Oxalic acid was effectively recovered by electrodialysis (ED). </LI> <LI> Reuse of oxalic acid recovered through ED was effective during multistage process. </LI> <LI> The properties of pretreated biomass on multistage process were stable and constant. </LI> <LI> Ethanol production on multistage process was stable and constant. </LI> <LI> Ethanol production increased when deacetylated biomass and ED process were used. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kundu, Chandan,Lee, Jae-Won Elsevier 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.32 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The optimal conditions for pretreatment of deacetylated yellow poplar (<I>Liriodendron tulipifera</I> L.) with oxalic acid for ethanol production were evaluated. Yellow poplar was deacetylated by treatment with 0.8% NaOH for 80min at 60°C. The conditions for pretreatment of deacetylated yellow poplar for ethanol production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). All pretreatments were conducted using the same solid-to-liquid ratio (1:8) and reaction temperature (150°C). The combined severity factor (CSF) was used to determine the overall effect of pretreatment on ethanol production. Severe pretreatment conditions (long reaction time and high oxalic acid concentration) caused a decrease in the xylan content of deacetylated yellow poplar. The highest ethanol concentration obtained via SSF was 26.60g/L at CSF 1.95. Based on the RSM data, the optimal pretreatment conditions for SSF were as follows: reaction temperature, 150°C; reaction time, 45min; and oxalic acid concentration, 0.15M. Under these conditions, the highest degradation ratio was 33.72%, which implied that maximum dissolution of the chemical components of biomass occurred during pretreatment. The ethanol yield from the hydrolysate ranged from 0.29g/g to 0.49g/g. The highest ethanol concentration in the hydrolysate was obtained when pretreatment was carried out at 150°C for 30min with 0.1M oxalic acid.</P>
Chandan Kundu,이재원 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.32 No.-
The optimal conditions for pretreatment of deacetylated yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) withoxalic acid for ethanol production were evaluated. Yellow poplar was deacetylated by treatment with0.8% NaOH for 80 min at 60 8C. The conditions for pretreatment of deacetylated yellow poplar for ethanolproduction via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) were optimized using responsesurface methodology (RSM). All pretreatments were conducted using the same solid-to-liquid ratio (1:8)and reaction temperature (150 8C). The combined severity factor (CSF) was used to determine the overalleffect of pretreatment on ethanol production. Severe pretreatment conditions (long reaction time andhigh oxalic acid concentration) caused a decrease in the xylan content of deacetylated yellow poplar. Thehighest ethanol concentration obtained via SSF was 26.60 g/L at CSF 1.95. Based on the RSM data, theoptimal pretreatment conditions for SSF were as follows: reaction temperature, 150 8C; reaction time,45 min; and oxalic acid concentration, 0.15 M. Under these conditions, the highest degradation ratio was33.72%, which implied that maximum dissolution of the chemical components of biomass occurredduring pretreatment. The ethanol yield from the hydrolysate ranged from 0.29 g/g to 0.49 g/g. Thehighest ethanol concentration in the hydrolysate was obtained when pretreatment was carried out at150 8C for 30 min with 0.1 M oxalic acid.
Comparisons between Dual and Tri Material Gate on a 32 nm Double Gate MOSFET
Arpan Dasgupta,Rahul Das,Shramana Chakraborty,Arka Dutta,Atanu Kundu,Chandan K. Sarkar 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2016 NANO Vol.11 No.10
The paper reports a comparative analysis between the dual material gate double gate (DMG-DG) nMOSFET and the tri material gate double gate (TMG-DG) nMOSFET in terms of their analog and RF performance. Three different devices having the DMG-DG structure have been considered. Each of the devices have different higher workfunction material gate length (L1) to lower workfunction material gate length (L2) ratio (L1:L2). Along with the three devices, the performance of the TMG-DG nMOSFET is compared. The analog parameters considered for the comparison are the drain current (Ids), the transconductance (gm), the transconductance generation factor (gm/Ids) and the intrinsic gain (gmRo). The drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of the devices is compared. The RF analysis is performed using the non quasi static (NQS) approach. We consider the intrinsic gate to source capacitances (Cgs), the intrinsic gate to drain capacitance (Cgd), the intrinsic gate to source resistances (Rgs), the intrinsic gate to drain resistance (Rgd), the transport delay (τm), the unity current gain cut-off frequency (fT ) and the max frequency of oscillation (fmax) for the RF comparisons. A single stage amplifier is also implemented using the devices for a circuit comparison.