Behavior of GDI fuel spray adhered on a wall

( Kengo Jinnai ),( Yoshihiro Kobayashi ),( Masataka Arai ) 한국액체미립화학회 2017 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

Impingement behavior of iso-octane spray injected from GDI nozzle was investigated. Ground glass plate was used as an impingement wall to observe trace-mark of liquid film on the wall. When fuel spray adhered on the ground glass plate, the light transmitted only through adhesion area of liquid fuel. This light-transmitted liquid film area was observed from bottom side of the impingement plate. The trace-mark image of liquid film was taken by high-speed camera during and after injection period. It was binarized and evaluated as the adhered area of liquid film. Adhesion area was measured under two injection pressure conditions (P_inj=0.6MPa and 3.0MPa) and two impingement distances (z= 30 mm and 50 mm) with dry wall and wet wall conditions. The total injection period was 15 ms for single shot injection. As for the split injection (10ms x 3 shots), interval of split injection was 5ms but total injected mass was kept to be same as the single injection. Fuel adhesion started when spray tip arrived at the impingement plate, its area expanded with injection elapsed however it was always narrower than the wall spray area that was observed as a general top view image of impingement spray. Further, adhesion area still increased during a few milli-seconds after injection finished. During the interval period of split injection, adhesion area was also expanded. Adhesion area on wet wall was narrower than that on dry wall because of secondary splash from wet wall. Since the continuous increase of adhesion area during the interval period was cancelled by the splash caused by following split spray, there was no apparent difference on adhesion film behaviors of single and split fuel injection. Larger increase rate of adhesion area was obtained at P_inj=3.0MPa than that at P_inj=0.6MPa, but qualitative behavior of adhesion area was not affected by the injection pressure.

Development of a UV laser-induced fluorescence lidar for monitoring blue-green algae in Lake Suwa

Saito, Yasunori,Takano, Kengo,Kobayashi, Fumitoshi,Kobayashi, Kazuki,Park, Ho-Dong The Optical Society 2014 Applied Optics Vol.53 No.30

Oxygen storage properties of hexagonal HoMnO_3+δ

Ś,wierczek, Konrad,Klimkowicz, Alicja,Nishihara, Kengo,Kobayashi, Shuntaro,Takasaki, Akito,Alanizy, Maleeha,Kolesnik, Stanislaw,Dabrowski, Bogdan,Seong, Seungho,Kang, Jeongsoo The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.19 No.29

<▼1><P>Structural and oxygen content changes of hexagonal HoMnO3+δ manganite at the stability boundary in the perovskite phase have been studied by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry using <I>in situ</I> oxidation and reduction processes at elevated temperatures in oxygen and air.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Structural and oxygen content changes of hexagonal HoMnO3+δ manganite at the stability boundary in the perovskite phase have been studied by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry using <I>in situ</I> oxidation and reduction processes at elevated temperatures in oxygen and air. The oxygen storage properties during structural transformation between stoichiometric Hex0 and oxygen-loaded Hex1 phases, transition temperatures and kinetics of the oxygen incorporation and release are reported for materials prepared by the solid-state synthesis and high-impact mechanical milling. Long-term annealing experiments have shown that the Hex0 (<I>δ</I> = 0) → Hex1 (<I>δ</I> ≈ 0.28) phase transition is limited by the surface reaction and nucleation of the new phase for HoMnO3+δ 15MM. The temperatures of Hex0 ↔ Hex1 transitions have been established at 290 °C and 250 °C upon heating and cooling, respectively, at a rate of 0.1° min<SUP>−1</SUP>, also indicating that the temperature hysteresis of the transition could possibly be as small as 10 °C in the equilibrium. Ball-milling of HoMnO3+δ has only a small effect on improving the speed of the reduction/oxidation processes in oxygen, but importantly, allowed for considerable oxygen incorporation in air at a temperature range of 220–255 °C after prolonged heating. The Mn 2p XAS results of the Mn valence in oxygen loaded samples support the oxygen content determined by the TG method. The magnetic susceptibility data of the effective Mn valence gave inconclusive results due to dominating magnetism of the Ho<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. Comparison of HoMnO3+δ with previously studied DyMnO3+δ indicates that a tiny increase in the ionic size of lanthanide has a huge effect on the redox properties of hexagonal manganites and that practical properties could be significantly improved by synthesizing the larger average size (Y,Ln)MnO3+δ manganites.</P></▼2>

Switching to systemic therapy after locoregional treatment failure: Definition and best timing

Sadahisa Ogasawara,Yoshihiko Ooka,Keisuke Koroki,Susumu Maruta,Hiroaki Kanzaki,Kengo Kanayama,Kazufumi Kobayashi,Soichiro Kiyono,Masato Nakamura,Naoya Kanogawa,Tomoko Saito,Takayuki Kondo,Eiichiro Suz 대한간학회 2020 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.26 No.2

In patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without both macrovascular invasion and extrahepatic metastasis, the initial treatment choice recommended is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Before sorafenib came into wide use, TACE had been pointlessly carried out repeatedly. It was in the early 2010s that the concept of TACE refractory was advocated. Two retrospective studies from Japan indicated that conversion from TACE to sorafenib the day after patients were deemed as TACE refractory improved overall survival compared with continued TACE, according to the definition by the Japan Society of Hepatology. Nowadays, phase 3 trials have shown clinical benefits of several novel molecular target agents. Compared with the era of sorafenib, sequential treatments with these molecular target agents have gradually prolonged patients’ survival and have become major strategies in patients with HCC. Taking these together, conversion from TACE to systemic therapies at the time of TACE refractory, compared with before, may have a greater impact on survival and may be considered deeper in the decisions-making process in patients with unresectable HCC who are candidate for TACE. Up-to-date information on the concept of TACE refractory is summarized in this review. We believe that the survival of patients with unresectable HCC without both macrovascular invasion and extrahepatic metastasis may be dramatically improved by optimal timing of TACE refractory and switching to systemic therapies.

Slide Session : OS-END-02 ; Diabetes : The Incidence of Diabetic Foot Ulcer on Lower Extrem-ity Amputation and All- Cause Mortality in Patients with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes in Miyoshi, Hiroshima

( Shinsuke Mikami ),( Takafumi Sugihiro ),( Satoshi Mouri ),( Yusuke Ueda ),( Hitoshi Susawa ),( Kengo Kobayashi ),( Haruki Tanaka ),( Kouichi Tanaka ),( Yukihito Higashi ),( Yasuki Kihara ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Foot ulcers are costly complication among diabetes patients. These patients have an increased risk of amputation and increased mortality rate. Early recognition of the high-risk foot and sufficient care will save legs and improve patients` quality of life. Figures of incidence of foot ulcers varies and there are only limited information in relation the change of incidence over time. The aim of this study was to estimate 5-year risk for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), lower extremity amputation (LEA) and all cause of death. Methods: Retrospective cohort study including all subjects with diabetes enrolled in our diabetic outpatient clinic from beginning 2008 until middle 2014. Data were collected from clinical records. Results: 528 subjects with mean age of 61.3 (±13.8), 57.4% were male. The mean of HbA1c in diabetic patients at baseline were 8.1% +/- 1.9%. Cumulative incidence was 1.3% for DFU, 0.18% for LEA and 4.7% for all-cause of death. The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions, pneumonia were 2.3%, 1.9%, 2.3%, respectively. Cause of deaths was cancer (64%), pneumonia (20%), cardiovascular death (4%). Conclusions: Several factors may explain the incidence in diabetes-related LEAs. Diabetes prevention strategies and controlling risk factors are important in people with type 1 and 2 diabetes.