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Microbial community and metabolomic comparison of irritable bowel syndrome faeces
Ponnusamy, Kannan,Choi, Jung Nam,Kim, Jiyoung,Lee, Sun-Young,Lee, Choong Hwan Society for General Microbiology 2011 Journal of medical microbiology Vol.60 No.6
<P>Human health relies on the composition of microbiota in an individual’s gut and the synthesized metabolites that may alter the gut environment. Gut microbiota and faecal metabolites are involved in several gastrointestinal diseases. In this study, 16S rRNA-specific denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR analysis showed that the mean similarity of total bacteria was significantly different (<I>P</I><0.001) in faecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS; <I>n</I> = 11) and from non-IBS (nIBS) patients (<I>n</I> = 8). IBS subjects had a significantly higher diversity of total bacteria, as measured by the Shannon index (<I>H′</I>) (3.36<<I>H′</I><4.37, <I>P</I> = 0.004), <I>Bacteroidetes</I> and lactobacilli; however, less diversity was observed for <I>Bifidobacter</I> (1.7<<I> H′</I><3.08, <I>P</I><0.05) and <I>Clostridium coccoides</I> (0.9<<I> H′</I><2.98, <I>P</I> = 0.007). In this study, no significant difference was found in total bacterial quantity (<I>P</I>>0.05). GC/MS-based multivariate analysis delineated the faecal metabolites of IBS from nIBS samples. Elevated levels of amino acids (alanine and pyroglutamic acid) and phenolic compounds (hydroxyphenyl acetate and hydroxyphenyl propionate) were found in IBS. These results were highly correlated with the abundance of lactobacilli and <I>Clostridium</I>, which indicates an altered metabolism rate associated with these gut micro-organisms. A higher diversity of <I>Bacteroidetes</I> and <I>Lactobacillus</I> groups in IBS faecal samples also correlated with the respective total quantity. In addition, these changes altered protein and carbohydrate energy metabolism in the gut.</P>
PONNUSAMY, Kannan,LEE, Sarah,LEE, Choong Hwan Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2013 Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry Vol.77 No.4
<P>The microbial community and the metabolites of barley nuruk were studied to determine the time-dependent correlation between the fermentation of microbes and metabolites. Samples were analyzed by a polyphasic approach based on culture-dependent, culture-independent (PCR-DGGE and qPCR analysis), and metabolite analysis using GC-MS. Barley nuruk consists of varying amounts of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. The PCR-DGGE results showed that only one phylotype, Aspergillus oryzae, was predominant throughout fermentation, reaching a maximum on day 9. The bacterial load was higher on day 6 of fermentation, and then gradually decreased because of increased fungal activity. The shift in fungal and bacterial diversity observed by DGGE was further confirmed by qPCR analysis. In addition, microbes closely related to Pantoea agglomerans and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera appeared to play key roles in the fermentation of barley nuruk. GC-MS analysis combined with multivariate analysis, including PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA, showed fermentation time-dependent metabolite patterns. A total of 21 metabolites, including organic acids, amino acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols, were identified. In particular, glycerol, malic acid, fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose were produced at the early fermentation stages (0-6 d), whereas glutamine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, mannitol, and xylitol were produced during the latter stages of fermentation (9-18 d). Mixed culture fermentation was found throughout the natural fermentation of barley nuruk starter. Most likely, A. oryzae had a major role in saccharification, along with other mixed cultures.</P>
Antonisamy, Paulrayer,Kannan, Ponnusamy,Aravinthan, Adithan,Duraipandiyan, Veeramuthu,Valan Arasu, Mariadhas,Ignacimuthu, Savarimuthu,Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Naif,Kim, Jong-Hoon Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 The Scientific World Journal Vol.2014 No.-
<P><I>Chromobacterium violaceum</I>, Gram-negative bacteria species found in tropical regions of the world, produces a distinct deep violet-colored pigment called violacein. In the present study, we investigated whether violacein can promote a gastroprotective effect and verified the possible mechanisms involved in this action. For this study, an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer rat model was used. The roles of biomolecules such as MPO, PGE<SUB>2</SUB>, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, caspase-3, NO, K<SUP>+</SUP>ATP channels, and <I>α</I><SUB>2</SUB>-receptors were investigated. Violacein exhibited significant gastroprotective effect against indomethacin-induced lesions, while pretreatment with L-NAME and glibenclamide (but not with NEM or yohimbine) was able to reverse this action. Pretreatment with violacein also restored cNOS level to normal and led to attenuation of enhanced apoptosis and gastric microvascular permeability. Our results suggest that violacein provides a significant gastroprotective effect in an indomethacin-induced ulcer model through the maintenance of some vital protein molecules, and this effect appears to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous prostaglandins, NOS, K<SUP>+</SUP>ATP channel opening, and inhibition of apoptosis and gastric microvascular permeability.</P>
( Jung Nam Choi ),( Jiyoung Kim ),( Kannan Ponnusamy ),( Chae Sung Lim ),( Jeong Gu Kim ),( Maria John Muthaiya ),( Choong Hwan Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.2
Bacterial blight, an important and potentially destructive bacterial disease in rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), has recently developed resistance to the available antibiotics. In this study, mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolite profiling and multivariate analysis were employed to investigate the correlation between timedependent metabolite changes and antimicrobial activities against Xoo over the course of Phomopsis longicolla S1B4 fermentation. Metabolites were clearly differentiated based on fermentation time into phase 1 (days 4-8) and phase 2 (days 10-20) in the principal component analysis (PCA) plot. The multivariate statistical analysis showed that the metabolites contributing significantly for phases 1 and 2 were deacetylphomoxanthone B, monodeacetylphomoxanthone B, fusaristatin A, and dicerandrols A, B, and C as identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and dimethylglycine, isobutyric acid, pyruvic acid, ribofuranose, galactofuranose, fructose, arabinose, hexitol, myristic acid, and propylstearic acid were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolite profiling. The most significantly different secondary metabolites, especially deacetylphomoxanthone B, monodeacetylphomoxanthone B, and dicerandrol A, B and C, were positively correlated with antibacterial activity against Xoo during fermentation.