19세기 여성문학과 생태의식 : 도로씨 워즈워스, 수잔 쿠퍼, 베티나 폰 아르님의 작품에 나타난 문명비판과 대안사회 Cultural Criticism and Alternative Society in the Works of Dorothy Wordsworth, Susan F. Cooper and Bettina von Arnim

강용기,사순옥,최동오,패트릭머피 한국현대영어영문학회 2006 현대영어영문학 Vol.50 No.1

Flexural Responses of Prestressed Hybrid Wide Flange Composite Girders

Sun?Jin Han,Deuck Hang Lee,Jae?Yuel Oh,Seung?Ho Choi,Kang Su Kim 한국콘크리트학회 2018 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.12 No.5

In this study, prestressed hybrid wide flange (PHWF) composite girders were proposed, and full-scale flexural tests were conducted to evaluate their structural performances. This new proposed girder system was developed and designed to effectively resist external loads considering the actual construction sequences. Two specimens with and without shear connectors were fabricated and tested to examine the effect of the shear connectors for achieving the fully-composite behaviors between a cast-in-place (CIP) concrete and the prefabricated prestressed steel–concrete composite girder. The test results showed that sufficient flexural strengths and deformation capacities can be obtained in both types of PHWF composite girders with and without shear connectors. To reflect the actual construction stages of the proposed PHWF composite girder, nonlinear flexural analyses were proposed considering the prestress effect and segmental effect before and after composite with the CIP concrete, respectively. The observed and analysis results of strain behaviors of the PHWF girder specimens were also compared and discussed in detail.

일부 합성피혁 근로자들의 Dimethylformamide, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Toluene 노출에 따른 요중 대사물질

최호춘,김강윤,안선희,이영자,정규철 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This study was performed to measure airborne dimethyl-formamide(DMF), methyl ethyl ketone(MEK) and toluene and their urinary metabolites concentrations and to determine the relationship between airborne and urinary concentration. Air-borne samples and their urinary metabolites were measured 98male workers who work for 8 synthetic leather factories in a portion of Kyoung-in area. Urine samples were collected at end-of-shift to estimate the exposure levels. 1. The concentration of airborne DMF by process was 8.81 ppm for wet-mixing, 15.05 ppm for wet-coating, 6.03 ppm for dry-mixing, 5.58 ppm for dry-coating, 5.37 ppm for printing, and 9.03 ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary NMF concentrations of wet-mixing, Wet-coasting, Dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were 90.55㎎/, 79.80㎎/ℓ, 39.86㎎/ℓ, 25.23㎎/ℓ, and 38.15㎎/ℓ, respec-tively, and total geometric mean was 56.24㎎/ℓ. There was statistically significant difference by process. 2. The concentration of airborne MEK by process was 1.89 ppm for wet-mixing, 1.96 ppm for wet-coating, 10.33 ppm for dry-mixing, 29.24 ppm for dry-coating, 14.98 ppm for printing, and 4.87 ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary MEK concentrations of wet-mxing, wet-coating, dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were 0.93㎎/ℓ, 0.70㎎/ℓ, 3.29㎎/ℓ, 3.29㎎/ℓ, and 1.06㎎/ℓ, res-pectively, and total geometric mean was 1.25㎎/ℓ, There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary MEK 3.The concentration of airborne toluene by process was 0.35ppm for wet-mixing, 0.42ppm for wet-coating, 2.95ppm for dry-mixing, 11.67ppm for dry-coating, 4.88ppm for printing, 1.24ppm for total. There was statistically significant difference by process. Urinary hippuric acid concentrations of wet-mixing, wet-coating, dry-mixing, dry-coating and printing were 0.24g/g creatinine, 0.21g/g creatinine, 0.34g/g creatinine, 0.52g/g cre-atinine, and 0.29g/g creatinine, respctively and total geometric mean was 0.28g/g creatinine. There was statistically signifi-cant difference by process. 4. No. of exceeded KPEL was 40 workers(40.8%) for DMF(10ppm), 1 worker(1.0%) for MEK(200ppm), and no worker for toluene(100ppm). No. of exceeded KBEI was 62 workers(63.3%) for urinary NMF(40㎎/ℓ), 29 workers (29.6%) for uri-nary MEK, 1 worker(1.0%) for urinary hippuric acid. 5. The regression equations were Log(MMF)=0.4094* Log(DMF)+1.3587(r=0.4516) for DMF, Log(MEKU)=0.1859* Log(MEK)-0.0324(r=0.3303) for MEK, Log(HA)=0.2106* Log(Toluene)-0.5685 (r=4497) for toluene. Synthetic leather factory workers expose to 3 kinds of organic solvents which are DMF, MEK and toluene. Their Uri-nary NMF and MEK levels were higher than their concentration levels through respiratory. It seems that the urinary levels were affected skin absorption for working habit and alcohol intake.

후두적출자의 의사소통 태도

강수균,박선희,백은아,이현혜,최경희,강은희,박은실 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2005 특수교육재활과학연구 Vol.44 No.3

본 연구는 후두적출자의 주된 발성방법과 후두적출 경과 시기에 따른 의사소통 태도를 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구의 대상은 성인 남자 55명으로 후두암으로 인한 후두적출자들로 구성되었다. 이들에게 실시한 의사소통 태도 설문지는 Erickson의 의사소통 태도 척도-수정판(Modified Erickson Scale of Communication Attitudes: S-24)을 본 연구에 맞게 수정 보완하여 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 주된 발성방법에 따라서는 인공후두기 사용자와 식도발성자간의 의사소통 태도에 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 후두적출 경과 시기에 따라 10년 초과된 후두적출자들과 10년 이하의 후두 적출자들 간의 의사소통 태도에 차이가 없었다. 그러므로 이들의 의사소통 태도의 긍정적 태도를 증가시키기 위하여 다양한 방법을 활용하고 습득하여 이들의 의사소통 능력을 빠르게 재습득 하여 긍정적인 의사소통 능력을 가질 수 있도록 해야 한다. The purpose of this study was to determine laryngectomee's communication attitude. 55 laryngectomees, who were in the range of 40 years old to 80 years old participated in the study. Communication attitude measurements were taken by S-24(Modified Erickson Scale of Communication Attitudes). The results showed as follows: First, score of laryngectomees with artificial larynx and esophageal speakers were no significant. Second, score of laryngectomees with over 10 years after latyngectomy and 10 years after latyngectomy were no significant.

평균 유효 세율의 결정 요인에 관한 연구

宣炳完,崔康得 全北大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

A number of empirical studies have used effective tax rate(ETR) measures calculated from financial statement information to examine the relations between taxes, firm decisions, and firm characteristics. Studies using the average effective tax rate to measure corporate tax (dis) advantage have played a critical role in tax legislation. Recent research, however, has questioned the effectiveness of the ETR for this purpose. Previous research on corporate ETRs identified three important findings : (1)ETRs vary across firms(industries), (2) ETRs change over time, and (3) variances of ETRs differ across industries. These findings were explained solely in terms of cross-sectional and intertemporal differences in tax preferences. All other factors were implicitly assumed to be unimportant. This paper challenged the existing explanation by deriving the ETR as a function of the marginal tax rate and two variables : tax preferences and (pre-tax accounting)income. The model demonstrated how changes in the ETR can occur under two alternative assumptions about the relationship between tax preferences and income. Specifically, when tax preferences and income are perfectly correlated, the model showed that changes in the ETR are caused solely by changes in tax preferences. In the absence of perfect correlation, however, the model indicated that both tax preferences and income are capable of causing the ETR to change.

단백질분해효소를 생성분비하는 호알칼리성 Coryneform bacterium TU-19의 분리 및 동정

최명철,양재섭,강선철 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.2

토양으로부터 알칼리성 단백질분해효소를 생성분비하는 호알칼리성 미생물을 분리하였다. 이 균의 형태적 특징은 Gram 양성이었으며, 포자를 형성하지 않고, 운동성이 없으며, 불규칙적인 간균의 형태를 하고 있는 호기성 미생물이었다. 또한 기타 다른 형태적, 생리생화확적 특징과 종합적으로 비교해 볼 때 이 균주는 Coryneform 세균과 매우 유사하였다. 따라서 본 분리균주는 Coryneform bacterium TU-19로 잠정적으로 동정하였다. 그러나 화학적 분석 결과 및 부분적인 생리생화적 특징들에 있어서는 Coryneform bacteria의 어느 종과도 정확히 일치하지 않았다. An alkalophilic bacterium producing alkaline protease(s) was isolated from soil. It was a Gram-positive, non-sporulating, immotile, irregular rod, strictly aerobic, and weak acid-forming bacterium. The morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the isolate resembled those of the Coryneform bacteria. However, there was not any species within this genera to which microorganism can be closely matched. Therefore, it is provisionally identified as a Coryneform bacterium TU-19.

오존을 이용한 하수2차 처리수의 처리 및 슬러지 감량화에 관한 연구

강용태,조용현,장성부,최선영 東亞大學校建設技術硏究所 2004 硏究論文集 Vol.28 No.1

Nowadays, most of water source is deteriorating due to depending on surface water more than 90%. New disinfection facilities are urgent because a provision of total coliforms was made newly and have gone into effect since in January 2003 for securing of water source. And waste sludge treatments is an outstanding environment question because of several reasons such as increases of waste sludge, high cost of waste sludge treatment and prohibition of sludge treatment method having been utilized. In this study, specific characteristics of ozone treatment for wastewater effluent and volume reduction of waste sludge were studied with pilot-plant. The results of the study are followed: A removal efficiencies of total-coliforms with ozone dose change of 1.6, 2.6, 3.5, 4.5gO3/m3Water were 73.7, 88.1, 95.6, 97.2% .respectively. And MLSS reduction rate of waste sludge with ozone dose change of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8gO3/gSS were 38.0, 50.0, 57.9, 62.0%.respectively. CODMn removal efficiency of that was 50.5, 65.0, 76.6, 82.1% respectively and SV30 reduced 92.6% even if ozone dose was 0.2gO3/gSS. Therefore, it is found that ozone treatment is very effective for sludge volume reduction and solidㆍliquid separation.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

고체상 추출과 GC/MSD를 이용한 금속가공유중 다핵 방향족 탄화수소류 및 그 유도체의 분석

최호춘,김강윤,안선희,문형중 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This study was performed to confirm an analytical method for polyunclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in metalworking fluids(MWFs) which were used in metalworking factories. To ensure the analysis with accuracy and precision the fesults of PAHs in MMFs, this study was tried to use solid phase extraction(SPE) and gas chromatography/mass selective detector(GC/MSD). Also, this study was examined the concentrations of PAHs in MMF bulks and the qualitative analysis polycyclic aromatic compounds(PACs)excluding PAHs. 21 bulk samples were sampled in 7 metalworking factories. 21 bulk samples were 18 cutting oil(13 straight oils and 5 soluble oils) and 3 others(lubricating oil, discharge oil. compresses oil). 6 SPE cartridges were used to analyze PAH in MMFs and GC/MSD(satum 2000, Varian, U.S.A). Among the the 6 SPE cartridgesm this study was selected strong cation exchanger(SCX, aromatic benzene sulfonic acid functional group) cartridge for PAHs extraction in MMFs. Also the recovery test was performed. 1. The appropriated cartridge of SPE for analysis of PAHs in MWFs was found to be SCX. 2. The detected PAHs in MWFs were naphthalene(n=2). acenaphthylene(n=1). phenanthree(n=1), anthracene(n=2), fluoranthene(=7), pyrene(n=11) benzo[b]fluoranthene(n=1), chrysene(n=1), benzo[k]fluoranthene(n=1), benzo[k]fluoranthene(n=1).benzo[a]pyrene(n=1), dibenz[a,h]anthracene(n=2) and benzo[ghi] perylene(n=8). Total PAH(n=12) concentrations range were lower than LOD-270.03ug/ml. 3. The component of the PACs excluding PAHs were naphthalenes, acenaphthenes, chrysenes, anthracenes, indenes, fluoranthenes, fluorenes, pyrenes, benzopyrenes, phenantherenes and others volitile organic compounds(VOCs)were amines, phenols, aldehydes and others. For the results, SCX cartridge was better than other 5 SPE cartridges. 13 of 16 PAHs components were detected in MWFs. However recovry rate in this study should be improved analytical techniques on PAHs in MWFs. Also this study was need for further investigation for more MWFs samples and environmental monitoring and evaluation of MWFs exposed workers.

3경간 연속 중로식 강아치교의 내풍안정성을 고려한 라이즈 비 특성

강성후,박선준,최명기 東新大學校 工業技術硏究所 2004 工業技術硏究 Vol.10 No.-

The most important element is a rise ratio when regarding beauty and economics of arch bridges. Only the effect of dead load has been considered to decide the rise ratio. In this study, when going over the rise ratio of arch bridges, examined the problems, that the determination of the rise ratio by the dead load has, by adding the factor of a determination of optimum rise ratio, which is not only the effect of the dead load that has been currently considered but also the problem with respect to wind resistant dynamic stability that is now taken seriously. Synthetically, when deciding rise ratio that is investigated in basic step of design, it is not necessary to consider the evaluation wind resistant dynamic stability. Therefore the result of this research can be summarized as followes ; If it is identify oneself with rise ratio that the divided ratio due to the tie girder of the 3 continuous spans half-through steel arch bridges cannot cause a big effect in stability the wind resistant dynamic stability. If it is identify oneself with the relative stiffness ratio and girder depth ratio of the 3 continuous spans half-through steel arch bridges that the rise ratio proposes that it uses 0.10~0.30, divided ratio due to tie girder proposes that it uses 1.0~2.5 because of the wind resistant dynamic stability and the stress of the hanger. The rise ratio proposes that it uses 0.16~0.18 is given by the Japanese bridge construction association to obtained in investigation equation between an arch span length and the rise, using 0.1~0.2 at the basic design phase and the divided ratio which using 1.5 due to tie girder generally has been employed to main results and very well agrees with a research accomplishment results.