大邱地域 地殼 γ-線의 照射線量率 測定

이모성,김위수,강희동,최문규,장시호,정춘균 대한방사선 방어학회 1994 방사선방어학회지 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 대구지역의 지각 r-선에 의한 조사선량율을 측정하고 그에 따른 성분별 공간선량율 및 지역적 분포 등의 환경방사선 특성을 조사하였다. r-선 스펙트럼의 측정에는 4"ø ×4"Nal(Tl) 계측기와 휴대용 다중파고분석장치를 이용하여 이 지역내의 28개 지점에서 in-situ spectrometry를 수행하였으며, 측정된 스펙트럼으로부터 조사선량율을 환산하여 지각 r-선의 총선량율과 일반적으로 자연방사능의 주종이 되는 ?K, ?U계열 및 ?Th계열의 성분별 조사선량율을 구하였다. 조사결과 대구지역의 지각 r-선에 의한 평군조사선량율은 9.4 μR/h였으며 지점별 분포는 7.6∼11.0 μR/h범위로 다소 차이를 보였다. 측정시에 수반되는 기후나 우주선 등에 따른 일변화폭을 고려한다면 지점간의 차이는 주로 표토층의 자연방사성핵종인 ?K, ?U계열 및 ?Th계열의 핵종에 기인함을 알 수 있었으며, 성분별 선량율은 ?K2.9∼4.6 μR/h, ?U계열1.2∼3.1 μR/h, ?Th계열2.5∼5.0 μR/h의 분포를 나타냈다. This study concerns about the measurement and the investigation of environmental radiation characteristics which the components and the distribution of exposure rates by terrestrial r-rays in Taegu area. A 4"ø ×4"Nal(Tl) scintillation detector with a multichannel analyzer was used in the measurement of r-rays as a part of in-situ spectrometry at twenty eight different locations in this area. The conversion into the exposure rate from the measured r-rays spectrum has been carried out leading to a net exposure rate and component ones by ?K, ?U series and ?Th series products which are known by the major parts in the terrestrial r-rays generally. As a result, the average exposure rate by the terrestrial r-rays in Taegu area is 9.4 μR/h and the distribution of individual exposure rates shows more or less differences between these locations even after the consideration of diurnal and rearly variations which are always involved in these measurements. The component parts of exposure rates are distributed ?k2.92.9∼4.6 μR/h, ?U series1.2∼3.1 μR/h and ?Th series 2.5∼5.0 μR/h over the measured locations.

상주 및 인근지역 단체급식소의 다량조리 실태연구 : 식단분석 및 다량조리 실태

박모라,김귀영,박필숙,강우원 동아시아식생활학회 1998 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate quantity food production practices in foodservices by analysing the menus of April, 1996. The questionnaire was developed and responded to by 96 dietitians in Sangju, Munkyung, Gumee, Kimchun, and Andong during November, 1996. The survey was performed by simple random samplings. The results were as follows; 1. Hospitals and industry served food for thirty days and schools for twenty days. Kimchi was a select-menu for hospitals and one side dish for industry and schools. The type of menu was a single use menu which consisted of cooked rice, soups and three side dishes. 2. The most frequently used ingredients were green onions, rice, carrots, onions, Korean radish roots, pork, eggs, glutinous rice, and milk. Kimchis were served most frequently in all food-services and cooked rices and soups were next. 3. The age of most of the respondents was 26 to 30. 54.2% of subjects were junior college graduates and 77.1% were single. Fifty-seven point three percent of the dietitians lived with family, relatives, or friends. 87.5% of the dietitians had been working for 1 to 5 years. 4. Most foodservices were self-operated. The number of meals served was determined by meal coupon counting in hospitals(37.5%), meal board counting in industry(29.2%), and attendance card counting in schools(41.1%). The cost of sales per meal was approximately 2,450 won in hospitals and was approximately 1,100 won in industry and schools. The average number of days per menu cycle was 7.4 in hospitals, 10.3 in industry and 25.5 in schools. Hospitals, industry, and schools held about 118, 265, and 263 recipes, respectively. The average number of dietitians was 2.6 in hospitals and 1.0 in industry and schools. Except for the number of recipes, the general practices of foodservices were significantly different(P<0.05). 5. In the general quantity food production, food and seasonings measuring was hardly done. The percentage of foodservices using chemical seasonings was higher in hospitals and industry than in schools. The most important concern was taste. Registered cooks were employed in 75% of schools but only 50.0% in hospitals and 20.8% in industry. Most of the dietitians responded that their cooks skill was not bad. The education of unregistered cooks was performed once or two times a month in hospitals and industry, and in schools performed everyday. The problem when educating cooks was the lack of cooking skill of the dietitians in schools, and the lack of time in hospitals, and the negative attitude toward education in industry. The method for improving cooking in all foodservices was OJT, or the extension of education facilities and the development and dissemination of standard recipes. The frequency of throwing away leftovers was higher in hospitals. But in industry, the frequency of saving leftovers was higher. 6. Though all foodservices have standard recipes, the number that used them was low. Another problem is that standard recipes resulted in leftovers. The inconveniences of using standard recipes were the difficulty of applying standard recipes to various numbers of customers the complication of use, or facility insufficiency.

60세 이상 노년기 요추간판 탈출증의 수술적 치료

이환모,강용호,김형규 대한척추외과학회 1997 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Study Design : The diagnosis and surgical results in patients over 60 years old who underwent surgery for lumbar disc herniation were evaluated in a retrospective study. Objectives : To evaluate clinical findings and to assess surgical outcomes of the old patients with lumbar disc herniations. Summary of Literature Review : In the aging intervertebral disc, the amount of collagen increases while the ratio between the amounts of polysaccharide and collagen per unit volume decreases. This decreases the water binding capacity making the disc more solid and less elastic. In conjunction with the decreased incidence of trauma in the elderly, herniation of lumbar discs in the elderly group has been considered to be rare. Materials & Methods : All patients were investigated preoperatively and postoperatively. A number of subjective and objective variables were investigated and registered in database. Gathered data included operative findings, postoperative complications, relevant diagnosis, and surgical results. Surgical results were assessed according to Kim's criteria. Results : The postoperative follow-up ranged from 12 months to 60 months with an average of 27 months. The patients were classified into four groups according to Kim's criteria. According to it, there were 3 ( 23% ) excellent, 7 ( 54 % ) good , 2 ( 15 % ) fair and 1( 8% ) poor results. Conclusion : Surgery could be offered to patients who didn't show improvement despite conservative treatment. Surgical treatment has yielded a high rate of satisfactory results.

광주광역시 전문계 고등학교 특성화 및 종합발전방안

나승일,정철영,김진모,안강현,한홍진,김기용,민상기,장현진 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 특성화 및 종합발전방안을 수립하는데 있다. 이 연구는 ① 전문계 고등학교 관련 선행연구 분석,② 인력육성 및 특성화 방향을 설정하기 위하여 광주광역시,전라남도,우리나라의 산업여건 분석,③ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교에 대해 Malcolm Baldrige 평가모형에 의한 진단평가와 SWOT 및 활용전략 분석, ④ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 개편 요구 분석,⑤ 광주광역시 전문계 고등학교의 특성화 및 종합발전방안 설정 등의 과정을 통해 수행되었다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째,비전은 광주광역시 전문계고 특성화와 발전 역량 구축을 통한 산업체 요구에 부합하는 우수 인력 양성이며,이를 위한 전략은 특성화 체제구축,학교교육 혁신,인적 자원 혁신,학교경영 혁신,인프라 구축으로 설정하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 특성화 체제 구축은 특성화 체제 개편,교육과정 중심 특성화,학과 재배치 통합형 고교 도입,특성화고 신설을 통해 추진할 수 있 는데 특히,교육과정 중심 특성화가 적극 도입되어야 한다. 셋째,학교교육 혁신은 교육과정 개편,교수 학습 개선,진로지도 개선,시설 및 기자재 개선을 통해 추진할 수 있다. 넷째,인적자원 혁신은 학교 관리자 역량 강화,교원 역량 강화,학생 역량 강화를 통해 추진할 수 있다. 다섯째,학교경영 혁신은 경영 리더십 제고,경영 성과관리 강화,학교 재정 혁신을 통해 추진할 수 있다. 여섯째,인프라 구축을 위해 지자체,대학,산업체,지역주민과 연계 강화를 통해 추진할 수 있다. 일곱째,13개 전문계 고둥학교의 여건 및 특성에 적합한 단위학교별 특성화 및 종합발전방안을 수립하였다. The purpose of this study was to suggest strategies to specialize and develop vocational high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The study was orderly performed as follows: (1) reviewing literature about vocational high school, (2) analyzing the condition of industries, (3) diagnosing the vocational high school through Malcolm Baldrige model, (4) analyzing the SWOT and application strategies, (5) analyzing the needs of reform, and (6) establishing the strategies for the specialization and development of Vocational High Schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. The major findings of this study were as the following: First, the vision was to bring up excellent human resources to corresponds industrial needs through specialization and development of vocational high schools in Gwangju Metropolitan City. Five strategies to achieve it were creating the specialization system, innovating the school education, human resources, and the school management, and building the infrastructure. Second, creating the specialization system can be performed through five tasks which were restructuring the specialization system, creating curriculum-based specialization, trading departments in inter-schools, introducing an integrated high school, and building a new specialized high school. Especially curriculum based specialization needs to be accepted. Third, innovating the school education can be performed through four tasks which were reorganizing the curriculum, improving the teaching and learning, improving the career guidance, and improving the facilities and equipments. Fourth, innovating human resources can be performed through three tasks which were enhancing each competencies of a school manager, a teacher, and a student. Fifth, innovating the school management can be performed through three tasks which were improving the management leadership, developing the performance management, and innovating the school finance. Sixth, building the infrastructure can be performed through four tasks which were enhancing the relationships with a local government, colleges, industries, and local residents. Seventh, individual strategies for the specialization and development of thirteen vocational high schools were also developed by corresponding to their conditions and characteristics.

Characterization of 7S and 11S Globulins in Soybean Varieties Differing in Seed Size and Their Effects on the Properties of Soybean Curd

Sun-Lim Kim,Han-Mo Koo,Se-Cheol Chun,Jung-Tae Kim,Min-Young Kim,Hee-Youn Chi,Eun-Hye Kim,Hyun-Bok Kim,Mi-Jung Kim,Bo-Ram Seo,Eun-Young Kang,Su-Hyun Seo,Ill-Min Chung 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.1

The ratio between 11S and 7S globulins was greater in large seed size varieties (LSSVs) of soybean than in small seed size varieties (SSSVs) or medium seed size varieties (MSSVs) but did not differ between MSSVs and SSSVs. The cysteine and methionine contents of 11S globulins were greater than those of total seed proteins and 7S globulins. The acidic monoamino monocarboxylic amino acids were the most abundant class of amino acid in soybean seed (27.2%) and soybean curd protein (29.3%). Isolated 7S and 11S fractions were analyzed by HPLC. Of the 12 peaks detected, 4 constituted 64.1% of the proteins of the SSSVs, 65.6% of the proteins of the MSSVs, and 70.5% of the proteins of the LSSVs. The 11S/7S globulin ratio was related to the yield and hardness of soybean curd. The MSSVs had the greatest yield of soybean curd, but the soybean curd hardness of the MSSVs was greater than that of the SSSVs. These results show that the 11S/7S ratio and color of soybean seeds can be used to predict the yield, hardness, and color of soybean curd.

Association of Common Type 2 Diabetes Risk Gene Variants and Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus in Renal Allograft Recipients in Korea

Kang, Eun Seok,Kim, Myoung Soo,Kim, Chul Hoon,Nam, Chung Mo,Han, Seung Jin,Hur, Kyu Yeon,Ahn, Chul Woo,Cha, Bong Soo,Kim, Soon Il,Lee, Hyun Chul,Kim, Yu Seun Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2009 Transplantation Vol.88 No.5

BACKGROUND.: Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a major metabolic complication in renal transplant recipients. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified several genes associated with type 2 diabetes. Here, we examined the association between PTDM and 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within 15 genes in a cohort of renal allograft recipients in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: A total of 589 patients who received kidney transplants between 1989 and 2007, without a history of diabetes and had a pretransplant fasting glucose less than 5.5 mmol/L were included in this study. We analyzed the association between the PTDM development and the following SNPs: TCF7L2 rs7903146, SLC30A8 rs13266634, HHEX (rs1111875, rs7923837, and rs5015480), CDKAL1 rs10946398, CDKN2A/B rs10811661, IGF2BP2 rs4402960, FTO rs8050136, WFS1 rs734312, JAZF1 rs864745, CDC123/CAMK1D rs12779790, TSPAN8 rs7961581, THADA rs7578597, ADAMTS9 rs4607103, NOTCH2 rs1092391, and KCNQ1 rs2237892. RESULTS.: Eight SNPs in six genes were significantly associated with the PTDM development: TCF7L2 rs7903146 (odds ratio [OR]=2.20, P =0.016), SLC30A8 rs13266634 (OR=1.52, P =0.003), HHEX rs1111875 (OR=1.47, P =0.007), HHEX rs7923837 (OR=2.32, P =0.014), HHEX rs5015480 (OR=1.59, P =0.003), CDKAL1 rs10946398 (OR=1.43, P =0.008), CDKN2A/B rs10811661 (OR=1.33, P =0.039), and KCNQ1 rs2237892 (OR=1.46, P =0.009). CONCLUSIONS.: These data suggest that genetic variations in TCF7L2, SLC30A8, HHEX, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, and KCNQ1 are associated with PTDM in Korea.

Joint Tx Power Allocation and Rx Power Splitting for SWIPT System With Multiple Nonlinear Energy Harvesting Circuits

Kang, Jae-Mo,Kim, Il-Min,Kim, Dong In IEEE 2019 IEEE wireless communications letters Vol.8 No.1

<P>We study the joint transmit (Tx) power allocation and receive (Rx) power splitting for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). Considering the practical scenario of nonlinear energy harvesting (EH), we adopt the realistic nonlinear EH model for analysis. To address the critical nonlinearity issue due to the saturation, we propose using multiple EH circuits in parallel. An important problem is to maximize the achievable rate by jointly optimizing Tx power allocation and Rx power splitting, which is a nonconvex problem. In this letter, we first derive the optimal solution for any number of EH circuits. Then, we study how the number of EH circuits required to avoid the saturation should be determined. From the obtained results, we draw useful and interesting insights into the SWIPT system with nonlinear EH. Numerical results demonstrate that employing multiple EH circuits substantially enhances the SWIPT performance with nonlinear EH.</P>

Emodin Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to the Anti-Cancer Effect of Sorafenib through Suppression of Cholesterol Metabolism

Kim, Young-Seon,Lee, Yoon-Mi,Oh, Taek-In,Shin, Dong Hoon,Kim, Geon-Hee,Kan, Sang-Yeon,Kang, Hyeji,Kim, Ji Hyung,Kim, Byeong Mo,Yim, Woo Jong,Lim, Ji-Hong MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.10

<P>Reduced therapeutic efficacy of sorafenib, a first-generation multikinase inhibitor, is often observed during the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Emodin is an active component of Chinese herbs, and is effective against leukemia, lung cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, and HCC; however, the sensitizing effect of emodin on sorafenib-based HCC therapy has not been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that emodin significantly improved the anti-cancer effect of sorafenib in HCC cells, such as HepG2, Hep3B, Huh7, SK-HEP-1, and PLC/PRF5. Mechanistically, emodin inhibits sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) transcriptional activity, which suppresses cholesterol biosynthesis and oncogenic protein kinase B (AKT) signaling. Additionally, attenuated cholesterol synthesis and oncogenic AKT signaling inactivated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an oncogenic transcription factor. Furthermore, emodin synergistically increased cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and apoptotic cells in the presence of sorafenib. Animal models xenografted with HepG2 or SK-HEP-1 cells also showed that the combination of emodin and sorafenib was sufficient to inhibit tumor growth. Overall, these results suggested that the combination of emodin and sorafenib may offer a potential therapy for patients with advanced HCC.</P>

Wireless Information and Power Transfer: Rate-Energy Tradeoff for Nonlinear Energy Harvesting

Kang, Jae-Mo,Kim, Il-Min,Kim, Dong In IEEE 2018 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.17 No.3

<P>In this paper, we study rate-energy (R-E) tradeoffs for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). In the existing literature, by invoking a simplistic and ideal assumption of linear energy harvesting, the R-E tradeoff performance was analyzed only for the four SWIPT schemes: the dynamic power splitting, type-I on–off power splitting (OPS), static power splitting, and time switching. Different from such works, in this work, we consider the realistic and practical scenario of nonlinear energy harvesting. Furthermore, to characterize the R-E tradeoff with nonlinear energy harvesting, we propose a new SWIPT scheme, the generalized OPS (GOPS). As a special case of the proposed GOPS, we also investigate an additional SWIPT scheme, the type-II OPS. Through the analysis based on the realistic nonlinear models reported in the literature, we derive new theoretical results on the R-E tradeoff, which are in sharp contrast to those in the existing literature obtained with linear energy harvesting. Furthermore, we provide various useful insights into the SWIPT system with nonlinear energy harvesting.</P>

Silane- and triazine-containing hole and exciton blocking material for high-efficiency phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes

Kang, Jae-Wook,Lee, Deug-Sang,Park, Hyung-Dol,Park, Young-Seo,Kim, Ji Whan,Jeong, Won-Ik,Yoo, Kyung-Mo,Go, Kyoungmoon,Kim, Se-Hoon,Kim, Jang-Joo Royal Society of Chemistry 2007 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.17 No.35

<P>One of the important factors for high efficiency phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices is to confine triplet excitons within the emitting layer. We synthesized and characterized a new hole blocking material containing silane and triazine moieties, 2,4-diphenyl-6-(4′-triphenylsilanyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (DTBT). Electrophosphorescent devices fabricated using the material as the hole-blocking layer and <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>′-dicarbazolyl-4,4′-biphenyl (CBP) doped with <I>fac</I>-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy)<SUB>3</SUB>] as the emitting layer showed a maximum external quantum efficiency (<I>η</I><SUB>ext</SUB>) of 17.5% with a maximum power efficiency (<I>η</I><SUB>p</SUB>) of 47.8 lm W<SUP>−1</SUP>, which are much higher than those of devices using bathcuproine (BCP) (<I>η</I><SUB>ext</SUB> = 14.5%, <I>η</I><SUB>p</SUB> = 40.0 lm W<SUP>−1</SUP>) and 4-biphenyloxolate aluminium(<SMALL>III</SMALL>) bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinato)-4-phenylphenolate (BAlq) (<I>η</I><SUB>ext</SUB> = 8.1%, <I>η</I><SUB>p</SUB> = 14.2 lm W<SUP>−1</SUP>) as hole-blocking layers.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Electrophosphorescent devices fabricated using a new hole-blocking material containing silane and triazine moieties show a maximum external quantum efficiency of 17.5%. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b705741e'> </P>