Insulin resistance mediates high-fat diet-induced pulmonary fibrosis and airway hyperresponsiveness through the TGF-β1 pathway

Park, Yoon Hee,Oh, Eun Yi,Han, Heejae,Yang, Misuk,Park, Hye Jung,Park, Kyung Hee,Lee, Jae-Hyun,Park, Jung-Won Nature Publishing Group UK 2019 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.51 No.5

<▼1><P>Prior studies have reported the presence of lung fibrosis and enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. This study evaluated the role of TGF-β1 in HFD-induced AHR and lung fibrosis in a murine model. We generated HFD-induced obesity mice and performed glucose and insulin tolerance tests. HFD mice with or without ovalbumin sensitization and challenge were also treated with an anti-TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. AHR to methacholine, inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and histological features were evaluated. Insulin was intranasally administered to normal diet (ND) mice, and in vitro insulin stimulation of BEAS-2b cells was performed. HFD-induced obesity mice had increased insulin resistance, enhanced AHR, peribronchial and perivascular fibrosis, and increased numbers of macrophages in the BALF. However, they did not have meaningful eosinophilic or neutrophilic inflammation in the lungs compared with ND mice. The HFD enhanced TGF-β1 expression in the bronchial epithelium, but we found no differences in the expression of interleukin (IL)−4 or IL-5 in lung homogenates. Administration of the anti-TGF-β1 antibody attenuated HFD-induced AHR and lung fibrosis. It also attenuated goblet cell hyperplasia, but did not affect the AHR and inflammatory cell infiltration induced by OVA challenge. The intranasal administration of insulin enhanced TGF-β1 expression in the bronchial epithelium and lung fibrosis. Stimulating BEAS-2b cells with insulin also increased TGF-β1 production by 24 h. We concluded that HFD-induced obesity-associated insulin resistance enhances TGF-β1 expression in the bronchial epithelium, which may play an important role in the development of lung fibrosis and AHR in obesity.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Obesity: A trigger for asthma onset</B></P><P>Insulin resistance may be an important causative factor underlying the increased risk of asthma and other respiratory issues in obese individuals. Obesity doubles the likelihood of developing asthma, with symptoms that are more difficult to control than in non-obese patients. The connection between these conditions is poorly understood, but researchers led by Jung-Won Park, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, have identified a potential mechanism. They demonstrated that a signaling molecule called TGF-β1 contributes to airway sensitivity and tissue scarring in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Subsequent experiments showed that treatment with insulin also gives rise to increased TGF-β1 production in the mouse lung. Since insulin resistance is a common feature of obesity, resulting in abnormally high levels of circulating insulin, this could also account for the increased risk of respiratory problems.</P></▼2>

Bovine botulism outbreak associated with incidental consumption of presumably contaminated leftover food

( Jae Won Byun ),( Kyung Hyun Lee ),( Ha Young Kim ),( Soon Seek Yoon ),( Ji Youl Jung1 ),( Woo Seog Jeong1 ),( Jae Ku Oem ),( Jong Soo Lim ),( Myoung Heon Lee ),( You Chan Bae ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2013 예방수의학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Nine cattle among 18 in a native Korean herd died or were euthanized within 3 days. The affected cattle showed cowshed. The pigs and dogs had been fed leftover food originating from nearby restaurants, and the cattle could presumably reach the contaminated food in the pig troughs. Necropsy revealed a few chicken bones and red pepper pieces as well as large amounts of grain and rice straw hay mixed in the rumen. Botulism type D was isolated in the ruminal contents of one of the cattle. We speculated that the outbreak was associated with the cattle incidentally eating presumably contaminated leftover food from the pig trough.

다문화 가정 영유아의 스마트 기기 사용실태 및 어머니 인식

윤정희(Jung-Hee, Yoon),이하원(Ha-Won, Lee) 한국다문화복지학회 2020 복지와 문화다양성연구 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구는 다문화 가정 영유아의 스마트 기기 사용실태 및 어머니의 인식을 조사하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이에 다문화 가정이 비교적 많이 분포되어 있는 충남 및 경기도에 위치한 다문화 가정 어머니 총 108명을 대상으로 설문지 조사를 실시하였다. 설문지는 이원석, 서영화(2012)의 ‘유아와 부모의 스마트 사용실태’와 강연주(2014)의 ‘유아의 스마트 사용실태와 어머니 인식 척도’를 본 연구에 맞게 수정 보완하여 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 21.0을 사용하여 χ² 검증을 실시하였다. 결과는 첫째, 다문화 가정 영유아의 스마트 기기 첫 사용 시기는 13개월~24개월, 1회 사용시간은 20분 이하이며 매일 사용한다고 응답한 경우가 가장 많았다. 월평균 소득이 낮을수록 스마트 기기 사용시간이 높게 나타났고 사용법 및 사용결정은 어머니에게 의존하면서 함께 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 재미와 학습적 요소를 위하여 스마트 기기를 사용하며 규칙을 정하고 사용한다고 응답한 경우가 가장 많았다. 둘째, 다문화 가정 영유아의 스마트 기기 사용에 대한 어머니의 인식은 스마트 기기의 필요성 유무에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 사용할 때는 읽기, 쓰기, 셈하기 등 교육적 기능에 목적을 두고 사용한다고 하였다. This study aims to investigate the use of smart devices by children from multicultural families and their mothers awareness. The survey was conducted on a total of 108 mothers from multicultural families in South Chungcheong Province and Gyeonggi Province, where multicultural families are relatively distributed. The questionnaire was supplemented by modifying ‘Smart Use Status of Infants and Parents’ from Lee Won-seok and Seo Young-hwa (2012) and ‘Mother Recognition Scale of Child Smart Use’ from Kang Yeon-ju (2014) for this study. The collected data were χ² validated using SPSS 21.0. The results were first, when children from multicultural families first use a smart device for 13 months to 24 months, and once use time is 20 minutes or less, and they said they use it every day. The lower the average monthly income, the higher the time spent using smart devices, and the more usage and decisions of use were found to be shared by relying on mothers. In addition, most respondents said that they use it for fun and learning elements and set rules and use them. Second, although there was no significant difference in the need for smart devices for multicultural children, the purpose of using them was to learn reading, writing, and counting.

Productivity Loss of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients according to the Their Stages of the Disease Activity Score

( Sang-Cheol Bae ),( Jin-Hye Cha ),( Jung-Yoon Choe ),( Sung Jae Choi ),( Soo-Kyung Cho ),( Won-Tae Chung ),( Chung-Il Joung ),( Young-Ok Jung ),( Young Mo Kang ),( Dong-Wook Kim ),( Jinseok Kim ),( Y 대한류마티스학회 2018 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Objective. Productivity loss was compared by 3-stage of disease activity and associations between higher disease activity and high productivity loss were identified. Methods. Data were extracted from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Patient-reported Outcomes Research, which enrolled 2,000 RA patients (>20-year) on disease-modifying-antirheumatic-drugs (DMARDs) (≥ 6-month) from December 2012 to June 2013. This included 1,457 RA patients with the disease activity score (DAS-28-ESR) in their medical charts. Productivity loss in time and indirect cost was estimated using The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). Baseline characteristics and productivity loss outcomes were compared according to DAS-28-ESR groups. Results. 84.4% were females, 54.2% had low DAS-28-ESR (<3.2), and 38.2% and 7.6% had moderate (3.2∼5.1) and high DAS-28-ESR (>5.1). Patients with moderate to high DAS-28-ESR had higher lost productivity time (LPT) and monthly costs of LPT than those with low DAS-28-ESR (time in hours: 110.0±58.4 vs. 132.4±57.2 vs. 71.5±52.0, p<0.0001; monthly costs of LPT in 1,000 Korean won: 1,097±607 vs. 1,302±554 vs. 741±531, p<0.0001). Multiple regression analyses revealed significant associations with high LPT in high (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=3.87, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.18∼6.87) and moderate DAS-28-ESR (adjusted OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.41∼2.52) compared to low DAS-28-ESR. In addition, positive associations with high monthly costs of LPT were observed in high (adjusted OR=3.45, 95% CI: 1.98∼5.99) and moderate DAS-28-ESR (adjusted OR=1.93, 95% CI: 1.43∼2.54) compared to low DAS-28-ESR. Conclusion. Timely therapeutic strategies should be taken into consideration given that the RA patients with moderate to high DAS-28-ESR showed strong associations with high productivity loss for effective management of RA. (J Rheum Dis 2018;25:122-130)

사용자 창조형 모바일 콘텐츠 제작기술 개발

임성신(Sung Shin Lim),정성원(Sung Won Jung),윤애선(Ae Sun Yoon3) 한국HCI학회 2004 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2004 No.2

외국인 관광객 리뷰데이터를 활용한 토픽모델링 기반의 공간분석: 대구광역시를 사례로

정지우,김서윤,김현유,윤주혁,장원준,김건욱,Jung, Ji-Woo,Kim, Seo-Yun,Kim, Hyeon-Yu,Yoon, Ju-Hyeok,Jang, Won-Jun,Kim, Keun-Wook 한국디지털정책학회 2021 디지털융복합연구 Vol.19 No.8

스마트폰 기반의 관광 플랫폼들이 활성화되면서 리뷰 데이터를 활용한 정책 수립 및 서비스 고도화가 다양한 분야에서 이루어지고 있다. 관광 리뷰 데이터를 활용한 선행연구들의 경우 국내 관광객 중심의 연구가 대다수 수행되었으며, 외국인 관광객 연구의 경우 일부 언어로 수집된 데이터와 텍스트 마이닝 기법에 한정하여 연구가 수행되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 온라인 리뷰 사이트를 통해 '대구 명소' 키워드를 지정하여 외국인들이 작성한 리뷰 데이터 3,515건을 수집하였다. 그리고 LDA 기반의 토픽모델링을 수행하여 관광 토픽을 도출하였으며, 각 토픽별 전역 및 국지적 공간 분석을 수행한 점이 선행연구와 차별성이라 할 수 있다. 분석 결과 전역적 공간 자기상관이 존재하며, 외국인들이 주로 방문하는 관광지들이 국지적으로 결집되어 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 대다수 토픽에서 중구를 중심으로 핫스팟이 도출되었으며, 분석 결과를 바탕으로 지자체 외국인 관광정책 수립 및 토픽모델링 기반의 공간분석 연구의 기초연구로 활용되길 기대하며, 본 연구의 한계점 또한 제시하였다. As smartphone-based tourism platforms have become active, policy establishment and service enhancement using review data are being made in various fields. In the case of the preceding studies using tourism review data, most of the studies centered on domestic tourists were conducted, and in the case of foreign tourist studies, studies were conducted only on data collected in some languages and text mining techniques. In this study, 3,515 review data written by foreigners were collected by designating the "Daegu attractions" keyword through the online review site. And LDA-based topic modeling was performed to derive tourism topics. The spatial approach through global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis for each topic can be said to be different from previous studies. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that there is a global spatial autocorrelation, and that tourist destinations mainly visited by foreigners are concentrated locally. In addition, hot spots have been drawn around Jung-gu in most of the topics. Based on the analysis results, it is expected to be used as a basic research for spatial analysis based on local government foreign tourism policy establishment and topic modeling. And The limitations of this study were also presented.

Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells(hADSCs) on a Dexamethasone Eluting Nanofiber Scaffolds

( Jung Bok Lee ),( Sung Min Jeong ),( Kyoung Jun Kim ),( Dong Hyun Cho ),( Il Keun Kwon ),( In Chan Yoon ),( Kui Won Choi ),( Jun Kyo Francis Suh ),( Jae Hong Park ),( Yong Duk Park ),( Jong Hyuk Chun 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2009 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.6 No.1

Dexamethasone(DEX), a synthetic steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is an efficient and dependable drug that induces osteogenic differentiation. The aim of this study is to fabricate the DEX loaded PLGA nanofibers by electrospinning method. Adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs) were seeded into the nanofiber and the sustained release of DEX from PLGA nanofiber scaffolds promoted their osteogenic differentiation. The properties of DEX loaded PLGA nanofiber scaffold were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and the release kinetics of DEX from PLGA nanofibers in vitro(1 h to 14 days) was evaluated by high performed liquid chromatography(HPLC). To evaluate the cellular response of the ADSCs seeded onto DEX loaded PLGA nanofiber, we performed F-actin, cytotoxicity, alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red S, von Kossa staining and immunocytochemistry assays for osteogenic differentiation. DEX loaded PLGA nanofiber scaffold was observed to have sustained release in vitro during experimental periods. The cytotoxicity test of the DEX loaded PLGA nanofiber scaffold indicated there was almost no-toxic effects in regards to proliferation and differentiation of adiposederived stem cells(ADSCs) as compared with a control. Alkaline phosphatase activity and alizarin red S were more significantly increased after 14days with increased DEX concentration of PLGA nanofiber scaffold than with PLGA nanofiber only. Also, von Kossa staining results confirmed a larger area of calcium deposition with increased DEX concentration of PLGA nanofiber scaffold. We observed that osteocalcin was also increased with increasing DEX concentration. These results demonstrate that DEX acts as an osteogenic inductive factor, and increased DEX concentration promoted more osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs. In conclusion, DEX loaded PLGA nanofiber would be valuable tool for bone tissue regeneration.

End-of-Life care for women with ovarian cancer in Korea

( Jung Won Yoon ),( Eun Ji Nam ),( Sunghoon Kim ),( Young Tae Kim ),( Sang Wun Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.102 No.-

목적: The aim of this study is to examine the pattern of chemotherapy and care in Korean ovarian cancer patients near the end-of-life. 방법: We designed a retrospective cohort composed of patients with ovarian cancer who received palliative chemotherapy at Severance Hospital. One hundred and thirty patients who died of cancer during last 5 years were evaluated in terms of the appropriateness of the cancer-care, including chemotherapy and hospice. 결과: Median overall survival was 1295 days. The median period between last chemotherapy and death was 101 days. Among the 130 patients, 75.3% received chemotherapy during the last 6 months of life and 26.2% during the last 2 months of life. Furthermore, 8 patients (6.2%) died within 2 weeks after receiving chemotherapy. The proportion who visited an emergency room (ER) more than once during the last months of life was 30%, and the average number of ER visits after a diagnosis of cancer was 1.94. The proportion of patients who received intensive care unit care within the last month was 5.4%. Mean numbers of regimens and cycles were 4.6(range, 2 to 12) and 22(range, 5 to 73). Although 64.6% of patients were referred to a hospice consultation, timing of referral was only media 44 days before death. 결론: Among patients who died of ovarian cancer, significant proportions were found to have received chemotherapy near the end-of-life and have visited ERs. Active discussion of hospice referral is needed in ovarian cancer patient during the end-of-life period in Korea.

Correction to: Multiple brain abscesses treated by extraction of the maxillary molars with chronic apical lesion to remove the source of infection

Jung, Ki-Hyun,Ro, Seong-Su,Lee, Seong-Won,Jeon, Jae-Yoon,Park, Chang-Joo,Hwang, Kyung-Gyun Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2019 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.41 No.-

Analysis of the Effect of the Heat on Groundwater Flow in the Fractured Crystalline Rock Near the HLW Repository

Won Woo Yoon,Jeonghwan Hwang,Weon Shik Han,Jung-Woo Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1

The design of the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository is made for isolating the HLW from the groundwater system by using artificial and natural barriers. Granite is usually considered to be a great natural barrier for the HLW repository in various countries including Sweden, Canada, and Korea due to its low hydraulic permeability. However, many fractures that can act as conduits for groundwater and radionuclides exist in granite. Furthermore, the decay heat generated by the HLW can induce groundwater acceleration through the fracture. Since the direction, magnitude, and lasting time of the heat-induced groundwater flow can be differed depending on the fracture geometry, the effect of fracture geometry on the groundwater flow around the repository should be carefully analyzed. In this study, groundwater models were conducted with various fracture geometries to quantify the effect of various properties of fractures (or fracture networks) on the heat-induced groundwater flow. In all models, the pressure around the repository only lasted for a short period after it peaked at 0.1 years. In contrast, the temperature lasted for 10,000 years after the disposal inducing the convective groundwater flow. Single fracture models with different orientations were conducted to evaluate the variations in groundwater velocities around the repository depending on the fracture slope. According to the results, the groundwater velocity on the fracture was the fastest when the regional groundwater flow direction and the fracture direction coincided. In double fracture models, various inclined fractures were added to the horizontal fracture. Due to the intersecting, the groundwater flow velocity showed a discontinuous change at the intersecting point. Lastly, the discrete fracture network models were conducted with different fracture densities, length distributions, and orientations. According to the modeling results, the groundwater flow was significantly accelerated when the fracture network density increased, or the average fracture length increased. However, the effect of the fracture orientation was not significant compared to the other two network properties.