高麗 詩歌의 硏究

宋永俊 圓光大學校大學院 1985 學位論叢 Vol.15 No.-

The aim of this dissertation is to inquire into the Korean poetic songs made or sung in Koryo period, and to reveal the names, the classification, the form and the transition process of genre for the Korean poetic songs via philological, empirical, and other methods. It seems that the re were lots of poetic songs in Koryo Period. However, the works which were handed down up to now are onl y 13 pieces of Hyang-ga, 16 pieces of Koryo-kayo and a few pieces of Sijo. Because there were no Korean letter to write freely at that time, and besides. the intellectuals of that period regarded poetic songs made in Korean language as something vulgar. I include even those works not remaining today into the subject matter of the study. The consequences of the study can be summarized as follows. 1) It is erroneous to say that Hyang-ga had already disappeared in Koryo period, as many scholars contend. For there had been writers and works of Hyang-ga until later Koryo period. (2- 2) Therefore I think that Hyang- ga had been sung until later Koryo period. 2) No agreement has yet been made on the origin of Si-jo among scholars, but I think that Hyang- ga was changed into Si-jo. I have the opinion that after the transition, Si-jo exist ed together with Hyang- ga by the end of Koryo period. For it is proved that original form of Si-jo is to be found out of "Silla Choyongga" part in "Koryo Choyongga."(2--3--3, 2-3-4) 3) Korean poetic songs in Koryo period have bee. named variously such as "Sokga," "Sok-yo," "Kyong-gi-chega," "Kyong-gi-hayoga" etc. But these names don't represent the characteristics of Korean poetic songs in Koryo in full measure. (3-1) 4) Korean poetic songs are characterized by "refrain." If a song has a refrain, it continues in several stanzas, and if not, it ends in one stanza. I call the former "Yon- ga" ( continuing song), the latter, Hyang- ga.(3-1-6) 5) Many scholars have called Korean poetic songs as "Sok-ga" or "Kyong-gi-chega," but I regard them as "Yon- ga." Because they are connected in several stanzas followed by "refrain."(3-1-6) 6) Instead, such poetic songs as "Samo-kok", "Lees ang- kok" and "Man jonchun-Byolsa" are all Hyang- ga. Because they end in one stanza without refrain. (2-2-1) 7) Refrains can form a verse. And one-retrain-verse developed into two, three-and four- refrain verse. In practice. however, examples of three- or four-verse refrains are very rare.(3-3) 8) I put emphasis on "refrain." Based on the principle of unity, refrain is the standard by which all Korean poetic songs in Koryo period are classified. So Hyang- ga, Yon- ga and even so-called Sok- ga and Kyong- gi- chega can all be c1assified based on whether they have refrain or not and if they have refrain, they have one-refrain-verse or two-refrain-verse.(3-2) 9) Many scholars regard Korean poetic songs in Koryo period as either ballad or song of royal palace. But I think both forms of song were existed in that period. Part of ballads were sung in royal palace and the rest of them were sung by ordinary people, I think. By the way, In the course of ballad's introduction into royal palace, the words most probably have been changed ani must have been influenced by foreign music or songs. (And in this period, ballads are believed to have been considerably refined because of refrain.) (3-3-2) 10) In sum, Korean poetic songs made or sung in Koryo period can be classifie into the following two major categories. (1) Hyang-ga, ending in one stanza not followed by refrain. (2) Yon-ga, continuing in several stanzas followed by refrain. And Yon- ga in turn can be classified into two types of songs : (1) One-refrain-verse songs (so-called "Sok-ga") (2) Two-refrain-verse songs (so-called "Kyong- gi- chega) In this sense, in concluding remarks, the history of Korean poetic songs in Koryo period should be written in renewal. (4)

고령자 급성 췌장염의 임상적 고찰

백용한,서정훈,송건훈,이진헌,송시영,정재복,강진경,박인서,이수진 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

아동기에 주의력결핍 과잉행동증상을 경험한 성인의 정신병리와 기질 성격 요인

송열매(Yul-Mai Song),이건석(Kounseok Lee),한덕현(Doug Hyun Han),이영식(Young Sik Lee),민경준(Kyung Joon Min),박진영(Jin Young Park),김준원(Jun Won Kim) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2013 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives:The objective of this study is to find out the differences in psychopathology, temperament, and character factors between young adults with and without childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods:The subjects consisted of 314 university students (male=72, female=242) in Gongju. They were divided into childhood ADHD group (N=54) and normal group (N=260) to the Wender-Utah Rating Scale. Participants were assessed using Korean Adult ADHD Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Kimberly Young’s Internet Addiction Test, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Paranoia Scale, Korean-Schizotypal Ambivalence Scale, Lubben Social Network Scale, and Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-square, spearman correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were applied to analyze the data. Results:Participants with childhood ADHD symptoms had high level of adult ADHD symptoms (p<.001), impulsiveness(p=.001), depression (p<.001), anxiety (p<.001), internet addiction (p<.001), paranoia tendency (p<.001) and low level of selfesteem (p<.001) compared to normal group. Self-directedness (p<.001) was lower, Harm avoidance (p=.001) and Self-transcendence (p=.029) were higher in the childhood ADHD group. In correlation and stepwise multiple regression, childhood ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with cooperativeness (r=-0.515 and β=-0.547, p<.001 respectively). Conclusion:This result showed that young adults with childhood ADHD symptoms had various forms of psychopathology and childhood ADHD symptoms were influenced by character such as cooperativeness. Therefore, more thorough evaluation regarding childhood ADHD symptoms is needed.

Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

도축돈 장분변으로부터 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli의 분리와 성상

송영환,김지영,채미경,박창식,김명철,전무형 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes various clinical signs in human and animals, and has been indicated as a global enteropathogen with zoonotic importance. In this study, the feces of healthy pigs were collected from the slaughtered pigs of Daejon abattoir during the period from December 2001 to October 2002. Of 326 specimens, 13 STEC were confirmed by culture, PCR and colony hybridization. The isolates were further studied for toxin types, pathogenic factors, plasmid profiles, and antimicrobial resistance to characterize the genetic and toxigenic properties. In PCR, all of 13 isolates were evident to have shiga toxin gene (stx). Of 13 isolates stx1 gene was detected in 4 and stx2 gene in 9. The genes of eaeA, hlyA and rfbE were not present in any isolates. In colony hybridization using shiga toxin common primer (STXc), 2 to 9 per 100 colonies subcultured from 13 isolates showed the positive reaction. In the examination for plasmid profiles of the isolates, one to eleven plasmids with varying sizes of 1.0 Kb to 100 Kb were detected, and the 13 STEC could be classified into four groups by the plasmid patterns. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolates were comparably corresponded with the plasmid profile patterns.

질트리코모나스 (Trichomonas vaginalis)의 항원성 분석에 관한 연구

송준호,임미혜,민득영 한양대학교 의과대학 1991 한양의대 학술지 Vol.11 No.1

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan parasite which is a major causative organism of vaginitis in women and of urethritis in men. In the present study to elucidate the immune response involving host-parasite interrelationship, antigen analysis of this parasite was carried out using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), enzyme-linked immunoelec-trotransfer blot (EITB) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For the study sera from 21 Trichomonas vaginalis patients, 7 other parasite-infected patients, 2 candidiasis patients, 17 healthy students and 4 young children under 5 years old were subjected and the results obtained were as follows: 1. In SDS-PAGE, sonicated total antigens from 5 strains of T. vaginalis revealed 20-25 protein profiles ranging 14-110 KDa in molecular weight. 2. On EITB probed with sera from trichomoniasis, immunogenic bands was recognized. But in children the bands of 15, 18 and 23KDa were not seen. 4. In high performance gel filtration chromatography of sonicated total antigen of T. vaginalis, 10 peaks were identified as in ranging 2.6-155 KDa. 5. In ELISA using fractions of 10 peaks from high performance gel filtration chromatography as antigens, values of IgG and IgM antibodies of trichomoniasis patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (P〈0.001 or P〈0.001-0.002 respectively). In conclusion with results obtained in the present styudy it is assumed that immunogenic bands in 15, 18and 23KDa on SES-PABE may connote the important significance on immune response in T. vaginalis infection.

흰쥐에서 음경발기 평가의 척도로서 음경해면체내압측정술 확립

송윤섭,김용준,이광우,김준모,문기혁,박영호,민영기,유형균,김형건 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Because studies about the control of penile erection at the entral nervous system was dependent on the animal experiments, establishment of measuring penile erection is important to evaluate the effects changes at the central nervous system on the penile erection. Intracavernous pressure measurement in rats has been introduced as a suitable index for the evaluation of penile erection but this method is invasive and technically difficult. So, we established the intracavernous pressure measurement in rats as the experimental index for penile erection. Materials and Methods: 42 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300gm) were divided to saline or papaverine treated group. Rats were placed on a heating table to maintain their body temparature and anesthetized with 50mg/kg of pentobarbital sodium by intraperitoneal injection. A cannula was inserted to the left carotid artery to measure systemic blood pressure. Saline (0.05, 0.1ml), papaverine(0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0mg) were injected intracavernously via 26 guage needle filled with saline or papaverine which connected to pressure transducer and polygraph was inserted into the corpus cavernosum on one side to inject the drug and to measure intracavernous presure. Results: Properly executed insertion and intracavernous administration produced a instantaneous but transient rise in intracavernous pressure that substantially stabilized and maintained at 5.4±0.4mmHg. Intracavernous pressure and duration of penile blood flow following intracavernous injection of papaverine are increased comared to those of saline. Conclusions: Monitoring intracavernous pressure in rats represents a suitable index for the evaluation of penile erection in small laboratory animals.

하나로에서의 NTD조사를 위한 중성자속 평탄화 장치의 최적화를 위한 예비분석

송영동,이헌주,이병철,전병진,김학노 제주대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.1

NTD(Neutron Transmutation Doping) method has several advantages of high resistivity and uniform doping in comparison with other method. To satisfy those conditions, the flux variations of radial and axial directions should be within ±5% and ±1.7%. respectively. The NTD facility in HANARO is purposed to irradiate the silicon ingot of 60cm in height. Hence, the flux flattener will be designed for 60cm. In this paper, preliminary study for optimal design is showed and the flux distribution of axial direction is calculated using MCNP4B code. The results show that the flattener model can flatten the flux to 83% of total length.

고출력 레이저를 이용한 인코넬 600 합금의 용접 특성 연구

송성욱,유영태,신호준 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

The laser welding process is one of the most advanced manufacuring technologies owing to its high speed and deep penetration. Welding characteristics of Inconel 600 Alloy using a continuous wave Nd:YAG laser are experimentally investigated. The major process parameters studied in the present laser welding experiment were position of focus, laser power, travel speed. The gap and offset maintained as small as possible. Optical microscope were used to investigate the microstructures of the welded zone. The follow conclusions can be drawn the laser power and travel speed have a pronounced effect the fusion zone size and shape.

광주 한국무용의 발달과 대중화 방안

송준영,김미숙,전미령 조선대학교 스포츠과학연구소 1998 스포츠科學硏究 Vol.9 No.-

To recover humanity, forfeited by development of material civilization inconsequence of high growth of economy with harmony of nature and to create a spiritually affluent society and culture, importance of dance is increasing. The present study examined development process of Korean Folk Dance and presents plans for popularization of Korean Folk Dance to develope and revitalize Korean Folk Dance. To develope and popularize Korean folk Dance, we need following plans. 1. Extending and renovating the educational system. 2. Categorizing traditional dances and using repertory system. 3. Using mass-media and activating criticism. 4. Activating dance performance in little theaters and diversifying performance places.