Interpreting Reproductive Health Right from International Human Rights Treaties: Application to Abortion Policies in Korea

Han,Ju Youn,Yoo,Doo Hyun,Lim,Jae Kwang 가톨릭생명윤리연구소 2012 인격주의 생명윤리 Vol.2 No.2

The recent trend in international politics seems to project that right to procure abortion is universally recognized under the 'right to reproductive health'. However, such contention is ungrounded from the perspective of international human rights law, since human rights documents remain silent about the issue of abortion. It agrees upon holistic universal principles to protect the dignity of life and personhood which includes both the unborn and women. The task of policy-making on specific issues is delegated to the legislation of respective nations, who must carefully analyse the socio-legal dimension to devise laws that are effective. This essay refutes the said claim that abortion is a universally recognized right, by scrutinizing the international treaties ratified by Korea. It suggests that the principles of the treaties should be best interpreted to in respect to the personhood of both women and the unborn. Then, it scrutinizes the issue of abortion in Korea, both from social and legal perspective. The essay concludes by claiming that Korea should maintain its criminal ban on abortion, while taking steps to meet the international standard of procuring 'Right to Reproductive Health' in the Korean context.

신손상 진단에 있어 현미경적 혈뇨의 의의

임정환,오봉렬,나국주,김현수,윤한덕,허 탁,조석주,민용일 大韓應急醫學會 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The evaluation of patients with microscopic hematuria after blunt abdominal trauma has become controversial. We tested the hypothesis that renal contusion can be diagnosed clinically and that these patients do not require radiographic evaluation. To evaluate the association of microscopic hematuria without shock and with renal injury, we reviewed the medical records of 252 patients following blunt abdominal trauma. Microscopic hematuria without shock was noted in 58 of 252 patients. Of the 58 patients 52 had renal contusion, 4 had renal laceration, 1 had a renal rupture and 1 had renal pedicle injury. All of the patients with renal contusions experienced no complications from nonoperative management. But, avoiding a radiopraphic evaluation in patients with blunt renal trauma plus microscopic hematuria and no shock would miss a few cases of severe renal injury.

용접봉 제조 공장 근로자의 작업과 연관된 요통의 원인에 대한 조사

박주태,임현술,배성한 東國大學校醫學硏究所 1997 東國醫學 Vol.4 No.-

작업과 관련된 요통의 원인과 예방대책에 대하여 조사하고자, 포항시에 위치한 용접봉 제조 업체에 근무하는 297명의 남자 근로자를 대상으로 1993년 10월 15일, 10월 22일 2일간 설문조사를 실시하고, 악력 및 복근력을 측정하였다. 이들 중 과거에 요통을 경험하였거나 현재 요통이 있는 157명 중에서 작업과 관련된 요통이라고 의사가 판단한 104명을 환자군으로 요통을 경험한 적이 전혀 없다고 응답한 140명을 대조군으로 선정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻엇다. 1. 조사 대상 남자 근로자들의 작업과 관련된 요통의 유병률은 35.0%였다. 조사 대상 근로자들의 연령별 분포는 양 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결혼 상태는 환자군에서 기혼이 많앗다.(P<0.05). 교육 수준별 분포는 환자군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 교육수준이 낮았다(P<0.01). 규칙적인 운동의 유무에 따른 비교에서는 양 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2. 조사 대상 근로자들의 신체적 특성을 살펴보면, 평균 신장, 평균 체중, 체질량지수, 좌우 악력은 양 군간에 유의하지 않았다. 복근력은 환자군에서 유의하게 약했다(P<0.05). 3. 조사 대상 근로자들을 고용 상태별로 비교해 보면, 근무 기간은 환자군에서 유의하게 길었다(P<0.01). 직종별 분포는 생산직이 환자군에서 유의하게 많았다(P<0.01). 부서별 분포는 환자군이 피복 용접봉, 플럭스 코어 와이어에서 대조군보다 유의하게 많았다(P<0.01). 직업 만족도에서는 자신의 직업에 만족하는 경우가 환자군엣6ㅓ 유의하게 만족하는 경우가 적었다(P<0.05). 4. 조사 대상 근로자들을 노동 행태 및 작업 환경별로 비교해 보면, 작업시 허리를 앞으로 구부리는 경우는 양 군에서 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 서서 일하는 경우, 무거운 물건을 들어올리거나 운반하는 동작을 하는 경우와 작업대와 의자가 자신의 신체 조건에 비하여 부적합하다고 응답한 경우가 환자군에서 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 많았다(P<0.01). 5. 작업과 관련된 요통의 원인으로 간주되는 위험요인에 대하여 이분변수화하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 한 결과 근무기간과 무거운 물건을 들어올리거나 운반하는 동작을 하는 경우가 작업과 관련된 요통에 독립적으로 영향을 미치는 변수였다. 결론적으로 무거운 물건을 드는 작업 환경이 요통과 관련성이 높아 근로자의 요통을 예방하기 위하여 무거운 물건을 들어올리거나 운반하는 업무를 자동화하여야 하며, 무거운 물건을 운반할 때는 안전 수칙을 지키도록 교육이 강화되어야 한다. Work-related low back pain is one of the major cause of morbidity, disability, limitation of activity and economic loss. Therefore controlling the work-related low back pain is one of the major issue in the field of industrial safety and health. This study was performed for detecting the risk factors and proposing the effective control programs of work-related low back pain. The subjects were male workers employed at the welding and metal factory. The data was collected by self-reported questionnaire, interview and checking abdomen muscular and grasping power for two days on Octorber, 1993. The contents of questionnaire were as folows: the experience of low back pain, general characteristics, physical characteristics, employment status, type of work and working environment. The number of cases was 104 with a history of work-related low back pain, so the prevalence of work-related low back pain was 35.0%, and the number of controls was 140 without any history of low back pain. As a result, marital status, educational level, abdomen muscular power, tenures, category of job, satisfaction of job, working posture, satisfaction for table and chair and lifting materials showed a statistical significance between the case and control groups. And for the multivariate logistic regression analysis conformed that tenures and lifting heavy materials were independent risk factors for work-related low back pain. Therefore work-related low back pain should be prevented by the ergonomic and working environmental control.

銅鑛山廢水로부터 分離한 구리 耐性菌(P.stutzeri)의 菌體內 구리 蓄積 特性

許鍾秀,曺周植,韓文圭,李洪宰,林永成 경상대학교 환경보전연구소 1994 環境保全硏究所報 Vol.2 No.1

Of the copper-tolerant 215 bacterial strains isolated from polluted river water, wastewater and activated sludges of wastewater treatment plants, or wastewater and soils of the copper mine aera in Gyeongnam province a strain, which showed considerably higher growth rate in the agar plate containing 2000ppm of copper than any other strains, was identified as a Pseudomonas stutzeri or its similar strain when analyzed by taxonomical charicteristics. Optimum pH and temperature for the growth of the P. stutzeri were 7.0 and 30℃ respectively. This strain was resistant to antibiotics, such as ampicillin and tetracycline, and heavy metals, such as lead and chromium. This strain utilized phenol benzen or toluene as a sole carbon source. The rate of copper accumulation in P. stutzeri cell was enhanced at low concentration of Cu in the growth media. The maximum copper absorption by this strain grown in 10ppm of Cu at 3 days after culture was 49%, but in 50ppm and 100ppm of Cu was 38% and 32%, respectively. The optimal temprature and pH for the effective intracellular accumulation of copper were 30℃ and initial pH 8.0 under shaking culture.

구리 耐性菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)의 菌體內 구리 蓄積機作

許鍾秀,曺周植,韓文圭,李洪宰,林永成 경상대학교 환경보전연구소 1994 環境保全硏究所報 Vol.2 No.1

In order to study the mechanism of the copper accumulation in the cell of copper-tolerant bacterium, Pseudomonas stutzeri, distribution of the copper in the cell were investigated. Approximately 61% of the accumulated copper was distributed on the cell wall and the other 39% portion was in cytoplasm. 78% of the copper in the cell wall fractions was present in the polyphosphate and polysaccharide fractions, but most of copper in the cytoplasm fractions was in protein and nucleic acid. Copper affected the protein synthesis in P. stutzeri. The intracellular protein content was decreased by copper addition, but the soluble protein precipitated by ammonium sulfate(30-75% saturation) was increased as compared to that from the cells grown without copper. Furthermore, in the cells grown with copper, high-molecular-weight soluble protein was increased, compared with the cells grown without copper, but low-molecular -weight soluble protein was decreased. These results indicate that copper inhibited the intracellular protein biosynthesis but enhanced the biosynthesis of the high-molecular-weight soluble protein precipitated by ammonium sulfate(30-75% saturation).

사무직 근로자의 수면의 질 및 직무스트레스와 우울과의 관련성

강미나,강수영,권수정,김현주,배재원,이보연,이예진,임의롬,정다영,조한솔 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the degree of depression, sleep quality, job stress and their association among office workers. Method: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 147 workers employed in 5 big enterprises, and 5 small and medium enterprises from October 21 to November 21, 2012. The questionnaires included socio-demographic and health-related characteristics, job-related characteristics, sleep quality, job stress (KOSS) and depression (CES-D). Result: Among all subjects, 23.1% was in the depression group (21 points and over in the CES-D score). Depressive level was positively correlated with job stress and quality of sleep. The adjusted odd ratio for the effects of sleep quality and job stress on depression significantly increased in the depression group compared to that of the normal group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the following factors of influence had combined explanatory powers on depression: BMI, life satisfaction, quality of sleep, and job stress. Conclusion: The study revealed that complicated influences were exerted on the level of depression by variable factors, as well as socio-demographic characteristics, health-related characteristics, quality of sleep, and job stress. Specifically, the level of depression was influenced by the quality of sleep and job stress.

생쥐 위장관의 Interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC)에 대한 면역조직화학적 연구

김영철,차경훈,신무경,임건한,김주영,안병수,김장만,양경철,박도영,오재욱,장인엽 조선대학교 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.1

Background and Objectives : Interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC) are the pacemakers in gastrointestinal tract that modulates gastrointestinal motiliey and these cells also transmit neural input from enteric nerves to smooth muscles. Recent work on tissues from patients with motility disorders that suggest that loss or defect in ICC could be related to pathophysiology in human and animal models. Immunolabelling of ICC in intestinal wall is recently developed by using specific marker, anti-c-kit antibody. Immunohistochemistry was done for ICC network in attempt to provide a morphological basis for the mechanism regulating gastrointestinal motility Methods : Cryosection was done, and whole-mount preparations of mouse stomach, gastrointestinal tract were immunolabelled using the anti-c-Kit. Immunolabelled ICC networks were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results : According to three dimensional reconstruction study, we found that the c-Kit-positive celluar networks were widely distributed in the gastrointestinal muscle (1) circular muscle layer(IC-IM), (2) myenteric plexus(IC-MY), (3) deep muscular plexus(IC-DMP) in ileum, (4) submucosal plexus(IC-SMP) and longitudinal muscle layer(IC-LM) in colon. Conclusion : The characteristic profiles of ICC celluar networks provide a morphological basis upon the mechanism regulating gastrointestinal motility. Additional studies for the enteric nerves-ICC interaction are need to evaluate the detailed roles of Icc in gastrointestinal tract.

Controlled Release of BMP-2 from Alginate Nanohydrogels Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

Lim, Hyun-Ju,Ghim, Han-Do,Choi, Jin-Hyun,Chung, Ho-Yun,Lim, Jeong-Ok 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.8

A new controlled release system is proposed for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-induced osteoblastic growth and differentiation of the human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) using injectable nanohydrogels. Alginate nanohydrogels (ANH) containing BMP-2 (BMP-2@ANH) were prepared using a reverse emulsificationdiffusion technique. The mean particle diameter of the BMP-2@ANH measured by dynamic light scattering was 520 nm. The proliferation of hBMSCs was promoted with the BMP-2@ANH. The controlled release of BMP-2 from the BMP-2@ANH enhanced the differentiation of hBMSCs into osteoblasts, which was confirmed by RT-PCR and alkaline phosphate activity. With the BMP-2@ANH, calcification and phosphate deposits on the cells were confirmed by alizarin red-S staining and von-kossa staining, respectively, showing that the differentiation of hBMSCs into osteoblasts was activated by the BMP-2 released from the BMP-2@ANH. Growth factor delivery using a nanohydrogel is a potential method for facilitating the differentiation of stem cells in vivo.

Preparation of ketoprofen‐loaded high‐molecular‐weight poly(vinyl alcohol) gels

Lim, Hyun Ju,Lee, Sung Jun,Choi, Han Gon,Kim, Jung Ae,Yong, Chul Soon,Han, Sung Soo,Noh, Seok Kyun,Jang, Jinho,Lyoo, Won Seok Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.106 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>High‐molecular‐weight atactic poly(vinyl alcohol) (a‐PVA) gels loaded with (<I>R,S</I>)‐2‐(3‐benzoylphenyl)propionic acid (ketoprofen) were prepared from 5, 6, 7, and 8 g/dL solutions of a‐PVA with a number‐average degree of polymerization of 4000 in an ethylene glycol/water mixture with an aging method to identify the effect of the initial polymer concentration on the swelling behavior, morphology, and thermal properties of a‐PVA gels. Then, the release behavior of ketoprofen from a‐PVA gels was investigated. As the polymer concentration decreased, the ability for network formation decreased, and the degree of swelling of the a‐PVA gels increased. In addition, the enthalpy increased with an increase in the a‐PVA concentration, but the melting temperatures of the gels prepared at different initial polymer concentrations were the same; this indicated that tighter gel networks would be formed by a higher polymer chain density. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007</P>

Effects of the tacticities of poly(vinyl alcohol) on the structure and morphology of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanowebs prepared by electrospinning

Lim, Hyun Ju,Lee, Sung Jun,Bae, Han Jo,Noh, Seok Kyun,Lee, Yong Rok,Han, Sung Soo,Jeon, Han Yong,Park, Won Ho,Lyoo, Won Seok Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Journal of applied polymer science Vol.106 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The effects of tacticities on the characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanowebs prepared by an electrospinning technique were investigated. PVA webs composed of uniform nanofibers with syndiotactic dyad (s‐dyad) contents of 53.5 and 57.3% were successfully obtained with electrospinning. By changing processing parameters such as the initial polymer concentration, applied voltage, and tip‐to‐collector distance, we found suitable conditions for forming PVA webs with uniform nanofibers. PVAs of higher s‐dyad contents were prepared at a lower solution concentration and at a higher applied voltage because of the easy formation of syndiotactic PVA chain entanglements at a very low polymer concentration. The average diameter of the nanofibers in a PVA web with the higher s‐dyad content of 57.3% (ca. 240 nm) was thinner than that of the nanofibers in a PVA web with the lowers‐dyad content of 53.5% (ca. 270 nm). In addition, the crystallinity and thermal stability were greatly increased with an increase in the s‐dyad content. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007</P>