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Hong, Jeum-Kyu,Lee, Yeon-Kyeong,Jeun, Yong-Chull,Hwang, Byung-Kook The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2001 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.17 No.3
Infection of pepper leaves by Colletotrichum cocodes at the two- and eight-leaf stages caused susceptible and resistant lesions 96 h after inoculation, respectively. At the two-leaf stage, progressive symptom development occurred on the infected leaves. In contrast, localized necrotic spots were characteristic symptoms at the eight-leaf stage. Infected leaves at the two-leaf stage exhibited cell death accompanied by the accumulation of autofluorescent compounds. At the eight-leaf stage, pepper leaves infected by the anthracnose fungus displayed localized autofluorescence from the symptoms. Infection of pepper leaves by C. cocodes at the two-leaf stage resulted in its rapidand massive colonization of all the leaf tissues including the vascular tissue, together with cytoplasmic collapse, distortion of chloroplasts, and disruption of host cell walls. However, penetration of C. cocodes was very limited in the older leaf tissues of pepper plants at the eight-leaf stage. Fungal hyphae grew only in the intramural spaces of the epidermal cell walls at this stage. Occlusion of amorphous material in xylem vessels, aggregation of fibrillar material in inter-cellular spaces, and deposition of protein bodies were found as resistance responses to C. cocodes.
Hong, Jeum Kyu,Yang, Hye Ji,Jung, Heesoo,Yoon, Dong June,Sang, Mee Kyung,Jeun, Yong-Chull The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.3
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has been destructive during pepper fruit production in outdoor fields in Korea. In vitro antifungal activities of 15 different plant essential oils or its components were evaluated during conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides. In vitro conidial germination was most drastically inhibited by vapour treatments with carvacrol, cinnamon oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral, p-cymene and linalool. Inhibition of the mycelial growth by indirect vapour treatment with essential oils was also demonstrated compared with untreated control. Carvacrol, cinnamon oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral and eugenol were among the most inhibitory plant essential oils by the indirect antifungal efficacies. Plant protection efficacies of the plant essential oils were demonstrated by reduced lesion diameter on the C. gloeosporioides-inoculated immature green pepper fruits compared to the inoculated control fruits without any plant essential oil treatment. In planta test showed that all plant essential oils tested in this study demonstrated plant protection efficacies against pepper fruit anthracnose with similar levels. Thus, application of different plant essential oils can be used for ecofriendly disease management of anthracnose during pepper fruit production.
Hong, Jeum Kyu,Choi, Du Seok,Kim, Sang Hee,Yi, Seung Yeon,Kim, Young Jin,Hwang, Byung Kook Springer-Verlag 2008 Planta Vol.228 No.3
<P>Plant integral membrane proteins have essential roles in diverse internal and external physiological processes as signal receptors or ion transporters. The pepper CaPIMP1 gene encoding a putative integral membrane protein with four transmembrane domains was isolated and functionally characterized from pepper leaves infected with the avirulent strain Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv). CaPIMP1-green fluorescence protein (GFP) fusions localized to the plasma membrane in onion cells, as observed by confocal microscopy. CaPIMP1 was expressed in an organ-specific manner in healthy pepper plants. Infection with Xcv induced differential accumulation of CaPIMP1 transcripts in pepper leaf tissues during compatible and incompatible interactions. The function of CaPIMP1 was examined by using the virus-induced gene silencing technique in pepper plants and by overexpression in Arabidopsis. CaPIMP1-silenced pepper plants were highly susceptible to Xcv infection and expressed lower levels of the defense-related gene CaSAR82A. CaPIMP1 overexpression (CaPIMP1-OX) in transgenic Arabidopsis conferred enhanced resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato infection, accompanied by enhanced AtPDF1.2 gene expression. In contrast, CaPIMP1-OX plants were highly susceptible to the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Taken together, we propose that CaPIMP1 plays distinct roles in both bacterial disease resistance and oomycete disease susceptibility.</P>
Hong, Jeum-Kyu,Hwang, Byung-Kook The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.3
Spatial and temporal expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) gene and proteins has been recognized as inducible defense response in pepper plants. Gene expression and/or protein accumulation of PR-1, $\beta-1,3-glucanase$ and chitinase was predominantly found in pepper plants during the inoculations by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum coccodes. PR-1 and chitinase genes were also induced in pepper plants in response to environmental stresses, such as high salinity and drought. PR-1 and chitinase gene expressions by biotic and abiotic stresses were regulated by their own promoter regions containing several stress-related cis-acting elements. Overexpression of pepper PR-1 or chitinase genes in heterogeneous transgenic plants showed enhanced disease resistance as well as environmental stress tolerances. In this review, we focused on the putative function of pepper PR-1, $\beta-1,3-glucanase$ and chitinase proteins and/or genes at the biochemical, molecular and cytological aspects.
Jeum Kyu Hong,Byung Kook Hwang 한국식물병리학회 2005 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.21 No.3
Spatial and temporal expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) gene and proteins has been recognized as inducible defense response in pepper plants. Gene expression and/or protein accumulation of PR-1, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase was predominantly found in pepper plants during the inoculations by Xanthomonas campestris pv.vesicatoria, Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum coccodes. PR-1 and chitinase genes were also induced in pepper plants in response to environmental stresses,such as high salinity and drought. PR-1 and chitinase gene expressions by biotic and abiotic stresses were regulated by their own promoter regions containing several stress-related cis-acting elements. Overexpression of pepper PR-1 or chitinase genes in heterogeneous transgenic plants showed enhanced disease resistance as well as environmental stress tolerances. In this review, we focused on the putative function of pepper PR-1, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase proteins and/or genes at the biochemical, molecular and cytological aspects.
Hydrogen Peroxide- and Nitric Oxide-mediated Disease Control of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Plants
Hong, Jeum Kyu,Kang, Su Ran,Kim, Yeon Hwa,Yoon, Dong June,Kim, Do Hoon,Kim, Hyeon Ji,Sung, Chang Hyun,Kang, Han Sol,Choi, Chang Won,Kim, Seong Hwan,Kim, Young Shik The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2013 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.29 No.4
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tomato plants by Ralstonia solanacearum infection and the role of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and nitric oxide in tomato bacterial wilt control were demonstrated. During disease development of tomato bacterial wilt, accumulation of superoxide anion ($O_2{^-}$) and $H_2O_2$ was observed and lipid peroxidation also occurred in the tomato leaf tissues. High doses of $H_2O_2$ and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nitric oxide donor showed phytotoxicity to detached tomato leaves 1 day after petiole feeding showing reduced fresh weight. Both $H_2O_2$ and SNP have in vitro antibacterial activities against R. solanacearum in a dose-dependent manner, as well as plant protection in detached tomato leaves against bacterial wilt by $10^6$ and $10^7$ cfu/ml of R. solanacearum. $H_2O_2$- and SNP-mediated protection was also evaluated in pots using soil-drench treatment with the bacterial inoculation, and relative 'area under the disease progressive curve (AUDPC)' was calculated to compare disease protection by $H_2O_2$ and/or SNP with untreated control. Neither $H_2O_2$ nor SNP protect the tomato seedlings from the bacterial wilt, but $H_2O_2$ + SNP mixture significantly decreased disease severity with reduced relative AUDPC. These results suggest that $H_2O_2$ and SNP could be used together to control bacterial wilt in tomato plants as bactericidal agents.
Hong, Jeum Kyu,Hwang, Byung Kook Munksgaard International Publishers 2005 Physiologia plantarum Vol.124 No.2
<P>The pathogen- and ethylene-inducible pepper-basic pathogenesis-related (PR)-1 gene, <I>CABPR1</I>, was strongly expressed in pepper leaves by osmotic and oxidative stresses. The pepper <I>CABPR1</I> was introduced into the <I>Arabidopsis</I> plants under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Polymerase chain reaction-amplification with the <I>Arabidopsis</I> genomic DNA and Northern blot analyses confirmed that the pepper <I>CABPR1</I> gene was integrated into the <I>Arabidopsis</I> genome, where it was overexpressed in the transgenic <I>Arabidopsis</I> plants under normal growth conditions. The constitutive overexpression of <I>CABPR1</I> induced the expression of the <I>Arabidopsis</I> PR-genes including <I>PR-4</I>, <I>PR-5</I> and <I>PDF1.2</I>. Enhanced resistance to phytopathogenic bacteria, <I>Pseudomonas syringae</I> pv. <I>tomato</I> DC3000, was also observed in the transgenic <I>Arabidopsis</I> plants. <I>CABPR1</I> overexpression in the transgenic <I>Arabidopsis</I> caused enhanced seed germination under NaCl (ionic) and mannitol (non-ionic) osmotic stresses. Enhanced tolerances to high salinity and dehydration stresses during seed germination of the transgenic plants were not found at the early seedling stage. The transgenic <I>Arabidopsis</I> plants exhibited a higher tolerance to oxidative stress by methyl viologen at the seed germination, seedling and adult plant stages. These results suggest that the <I>CABPR1</I> gene may function in the enhanced disease resistance and oxidative stress tolerance of transgenic <I>Arabidopsis</I> plants.</P>
Alternaria Spots in Tomato Leaves Differently Delayed by Four Plant Essential Oil Vapours
Hong, Jeum Kyu,Jo, Yeon Sook,Ryoo, Dong Hyun,Jung, Ji Hwan,Kwon, Hyun Ji,Lee, Young Hee,Chang, Seog Won,Park, Chang-Jin The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2018 식물병연구 Vol.24 No.4
Alternaria leaf spot disease has been a concern during a tomato production in greenhouse. In vitro antifungal activities of vapours of four plant essential oils, cinnamon oil, fennel oil, origanum oil and thyme oil, were investigated during in vitro conidial germination and mycelial growth of Alternaria alternata causing the tomato leaf spots to find eco-friendly alternatives for chemical fungicides. The four plant essential oils showed different antifungal activities against in vitro conidial germination of A. alternata in dose-dependent manners, and cinnamon oil vapour was most effective to suppress the conidial germination. The four plant essential oils showed similar antifungal activities against the in vitro mycelial growth of A. alternata in dose-dependent manners, but low doses of thyme oil vapour slightly increased in vitro mycelial growth of A. alternata. Necrotic lesions on the A. alternata-inoculated tomato leaves were reduced differently depending on kinds and concentrations of plant essential oils. Delayed conidial germination and germ-tube elongation of A. alternata were found on the tomato leaves treated with cinnamon oil and origanum oil vapours at 6 hpi. These results suggest that volatiles from cinnamon oil and origanum oil can be provided as alternatives to manage Alternaria leaf spot during the tomato production eco-friendly.