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서정호,송현정,김대환 공주대학교 문화재보존과학연구소 2004 문화재과학기술 Vol.3 No.1
銀製葡萄獸禽文小甁 新例는 통일신라의 대표적인 문양으로 구성된 것이며, 그 제작기법이 우수하고 예술성도 뛰어나 금속세공기술 연구에 있어서 중요한 자료이다. 또한 출토사례가 많지 않아 매우 희귀한 예라고 할 수 있다. 이 병은 개인 소장품으로 출토당시부터 어깨부 한쪽이 부식되어 박락되어 있었다. 장기 보존을 위해서나 전시를 위해서는 추가 부식을 방지하기 위한 保存方案이 필요하다. 유물의 내부구조와 상태를 파악한 후에 유물이 최대한 원형을 유지할 수 있도록 적절한 처리가 이루어져야 할 것이다. The new case of Silver Bottle is composed of representative design of Unified Silla, and because the production technique is superior and the artistic as well, it is the important material for the study of metalwork technique. And it is the rare case, for there aren‘t many excavated cases. This bottle is personal possession and one side of shoulder is corroded and exfoliated at the time of excavation. For the long-term preservation or display, conservation method which prevents additional corrosion is needed. After catching the inner structure and state, proper treatment should be done in order that remains can retain its original form.
Yong-Hwan Cho,Jaehyung Choi,Chae-Wook Huh,Chang Hyeun Kim,Chul Hoon Chang,Soon Chan KWON,Young Woo Kim,Seung Hun Sheen,Sukh Que Park,Jun Kyeung Ko,Sung-kon Ha,Hae Woong Jeong,Hyen Seung Kang 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2024 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.26 No.1
Objective: Endovascular coil embolization is the primary treatment modality for intracranial aneurysms. However, its long-term durability remains of concern, with a considerable proportion of cases requiring aneurysm reopening and retreatment. Therefore, establishing optimal follow-up imaging protocols is necessary to ensure a durable occlusion. This study aimed to develop guidelines for follow-up imaging strategies after endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.Methods: A committee comprising members of the Korean Neuroendovascular Society and other relevant societies was formed. A literature review and analyses of the major published guidelines were conducted to gather evidence. A panel of 40 experts convened to achieve a consensus on the recommendations using the modified Delphi method.Results: The panel members reached the following consensus: 1. Schedule the initial follow-up imaging within 3-6 months of treatment. 2. Noninvasive imaging modalities, such as three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or contrast-enhanced MRA, are alternatives to digital subtraction angiography (DSA) during the first follow-up. 3. Schedule mid-term follow-up imaging at 1, 2, 4, and 6 years after the initial treatment. 4. If noninvasive imaging reveals unstable changes in the treated aneurysms, DSA should be considered. 5. Consider late-term follow-up imaging every 3–5 years for lifelong monitoring of patients with unstable changes or at high risk of recurrence.Conclusions: The guidelines aim to provide physicians with the information to make informed decisions and provide patients with high-quality care. However, owing to a lack of specific recommendations and scientific data, these guidelines are based on expert consensus and should be considered in conjunction with individual patient characteristics and circumstances.
고밀도 물질에 기인한 CT영상 화질저하 개선을 위한 Iterative MAR 알고리즘 적용의 유용성에 관한 연구
강지원(Ji Won Kang),조인완(In Hwan Jo),김현주(Hyeun Joo Kim),정우준(Woo Joon Jeong),고병근(Byeung Geun Go),이정탁(Jeong Tak Lee),유회성(Hoi Seong Yoo),유병헌(Byeong Heon Yoo) 대한CT영상기술학회 2016 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.18 No.2
Purpose: In this research we tried to know the limitation and how much IMAR algorithm useful is in the clinical field by the evaluation of image and ana lysis using image data from phatom research and clinical research which used the Iterative MAR(Metal Artifact Reduction) algorithm from Inc. C that chose the way to get the data through its own HU of the kinds of metal in the human body(Titanium:4.5g/cm³ Around 6500HU, Stainless steel:7.8g/cm³ Around 50000HU, Gold:19.3g/cm³ Over 100000HU). Materials and Methods : We made the phantom with the dense material used in the replacement arthroplasty(L-spine : Titanium, Hip joint : Stainless steel), made of platinum for aneurysm in cerebral vessels and gold for dental filling. Also we used these machines, Somatom Derinition Flash from Inc. 5 and 64-MDCT Discovery 750 HD from Inc. G. we had studied from 1st May to 31st Oct. in 2015 using the image data from the patients to visit the hospital for f/u test. We used Advantage workstation program for alnalysis. We chose the ROI sized 2mm at the same part of Black Streak artifact and White streak artifact to record the average of the CT value after measuring it 20 times. Calculating the attenuation number, using the CT value measured, we calculate the attenuation number for each machines as the percentage to know how much the attenuation decrease, then compared and analyzed that. We got the image data after scan and set the same WW/WL of image data through Advantage Workstation program for research about clinical image. After then two groups, one consists of 2 radiologists and another one consists of 3 radiology technicians, evaluate how much the artifact reduce and the factors deciding the image quality such as resoultion and contrast. Result : As a result of converting attenuation coefficient into a percentage in the phantom research, Black streak artifact and White streak artifact of GDC coil image with MAR algorithm were 94% and 51% but both of them of GDC coil image with IMAR algorithm were 1% and 37%. Both of them decreased by 93% and 14% each. In Titanium, Black streak artifact decreased by 6%, from 17% to 11% and White streak artifact decreased by 19%, from 21% to 2% after using IMAR algorithm instead of MAR. In stainless steel Black streak artifact decreased by 5%, from 7% to 2% and White streak artifact decreased by 27%, from 34% to 7%. According to this phantom research, GDC coil, titanitum, and stainless steel are evaluated ‘adequate’ which had 3points in most of categories. Gold is the only one evaluated ‘good’ which had 4points in most of categories. This is the result of using IMAR algorithm instead of WFBP in the clinical image research, after converting attenuation coefficient into a percentage. Black streak artifact decreased by 17%, from 24% to 7%, and White streak artifact decreased by 7%, from 9% to 2% in plantium(GDC coil). In gold for dental filling, Black streak artifact decreased by 23%, from 33% to 10%, and White streak artifact decreased by 25%, from 30% to 5%. Also in stainless steel, Black streak artifact decreased by 48%, from 52% to4%, and White streak artifact decreased by 45%, from 46% to 1%. According to the evlauation for clinical images, GDC coil, titanium, and Stainless got 4points which meant ‘good’ in most of categories. Gold evaluated ‘adequate’, 3points in most of categories. Condusion : IMAR algorithm is more useful to reduce metal artifact caused by dense material rather than MAR algorithm. Using IMAR algorithm can provide information of various kinds to tissue with less artifact around metal foreign body, so it will be much more helpful for accurate diagnois. 목적 : 본 연구에서 인체에 삽입된 금속의 물질별(Titanium :4.5g/cm³ Around 6500HU, Stainless steel:7.8g/cm³ Around 5000HU, Gold:19.3g/cm³ Over 100000HU)로 고유의 HU(Hounsfield Unit)값을 적용하여 Data를 얻는 방식인 S사의 Iterative MAR(Metal Artifact Reduction) 알고리즘을 팬텀 연구와 임상 연구를 시행하여 획득된 영상데이터를 이용하여 정량적 분석과 임상 영상평가를 통하여 IMAR 알고리즘 유용성과 더불어 제한점을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 임상에서 치료목적으로 사용하는 재료 중 정형 외과적 치환술 시 이용하는 고밀도(L-spine: Titanium), (Hip joint: Stainless steel)물질과 머리 혈관 동맥류의 시술을 위해 사용하는 Platinum성분의 고밀도 물질인 GDC coil, 치아 충전재로 사용하는 Gold(Dental filling)를 이용하여 자체 제작한 팬텀과 이를 토대로 적용한 임상연구의 순으로 진행하였다. 연구를 위해 이용한 장비는 S사의 Somatom Definition Flash와 G사의 64-MDCT Discovery 750 HD를 사용하였다. 임상연구는 2015년 5월 1일부터 10월31일까지 5개월간 추적검사를 위해 내원한 환자의 영상데이터를 이용하였다. 정량적 분석은 Advantage workstation 프로그램에서 Black streak artifact와 White streak artifact의 동일한 부위에 직경 2mm의 ROI를 그려 CT value값을 20회 씩 측정 후 평균 CT value값을 기록 하였다. 측정 CT value 값을 이용하여 감약계수로 환산 후 각 장비별 인공물 감소 정도를 백분율로 계산 후 비교 분석 하였다. 임상영상 연구는 스캔 후 획득한 영상 Data를 Advantage Workstation 프로그램을 이용하여 WW/WL을 동일하게 설정 한 후 영상의학과 전문의 2명, 방사선사 3명 등 총 5명의 관찰자가 5점 척도로 인공물의 감소 정도 및 영상의 화질 좌우인자인 해상도 및 대조도 등의 항목을 적용하여 평가하였다, 결과 : 팬텀연구에서 감약계수를 백분율로 환산한 결과 GDC Coil에서 Black streak artifact와 White streak artifact순으로 MAR는 94%, 51%, IMAR는 1%, 37%로 93%, 14% 감소되었다. Gold에서 MAR는 30%, 22%, IMAR는 24%, 16%로 둘 모두 6% 감소되었다. Titanium에서 MAR는 17%, 21%, IMAR는 11%, 2%로 6%, 19% 감소되었다. Stainless steel에서 MAR는 7%, 34%, IMAR는 2%, 7%로 5%, 27% 감소되었다. 팬텀 영상 평가는 GDC coil, Titanium, Stainless steel 모두 Adquate(3점)이 가장 많았고, Gold는 Good(4점)이 가장 많았다. 임상 영상 연구에서는 감쇠계수를 백분율로 환산한 결과 Platinum(GDC Coil)에서 WFBP는 24%, 9%, IMAR는 7%, 2%로 17%, 7% 감소되었다. Gold(Dental filing)는 WFBP 33%, 30%, IMAR 10%, 5%로 23%, 25% 감소되었다. Titanium은 WFBP 93%, 61%, IMAR 35%, 15%로 58%, 46% 감소되었다. Stainless steel은 WFBP 52%, 46%, IMAR 4%, 1%로 48%, 45% 감소되었다. 임상 영상 평가는 GDC Coil, Titanium, Stainless steel 모두 Good(4점), Gold는 Adquate(3점)이 가장 많았다. 결론 : 고밀도 물질에 의한 Metal Artifact를 기존의 MAR Algorithm 보다 IMAR Algorithm을 적용시켰을 때 보다 유용하게 감소시킬 수 있으며. IMAR는 Artifact가 감소된 금속구조물주변의 다양한 조직들의 정보를 제공할 수 있어 영상의학과 판독의와 임상의에게 정확한 진단을 결정하는데 많은 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.