관상 동맥 질환에서 아포 E 지단백 유전자 다형성과 혈청 지질치와의 관계

곽선영,김성구,정호석,이유경,이광희,김철현,최태명,현민수,권영주 순천향의학연구소;Soonchunhyang Medical Research Institute 2000 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.6 No.1

Background and aims: The Apolipoprotein E is a ligand of both the protein component LDL receptor as well as the apo E LDL-Receptor related protein (LRP). It modulates the receptor binding of lipoproteins, with the apolipoprotein E found on cell surfaces as its component, thus serving an important role in the lipid metabolism by carrying out the intracellular transport of cholesterol in lipoproteins. The gene for apolipoprotein E is the product of three common genotypes as well as many more rare alleles. The common genotypes are ε2, ε3, and ε4, and are expressed in the three phenotype isoforms of E2, E3, and E4. In the event that E4 is the main component, a rise in the cholesterol level, as the result of down-regulation of the LDL receptor, is observed. Therefore, those samples with E4 genotypes are known to be in much higher risk of coronary artery disease than those with ε3/ε3, while those with ε2 are in low risk (with the exception of hypertiglyceremai Ⅲ). The aim of this study is to analyze in patients with ischemic heart disease the role of aplipoprotein E alleles in order to seek its correlation with coronary artery disease, as well as to seek whether the polymorphism of apo E produces any differences in the severity of coronary artery disease according to plasma lipid levels. Methods: The subjects for study were 273 patients admitted to the Internal Cardiology Division of the Soonchunhyang University Hospital form December 1998 to February 1999. The subjects were divided into the two groups of which one was ischemic heart disease (IHD) experiment group totaling 105 (avg.60.1 years of age, male/female ratio = 69/36) and the control group totaling 168 (avg. 59.7 years of age, male/female = 73:95). The coronary angiogram was given to 127 subjects, and of this total, 94 have developed significant stenosis in the coronary artery. The stages of the analyzing of the apo E phenotype was first, the separation of DNA from the blood samples, subjecting it to the PCR from with 228 base pairs of expanded products were obtained. The band was determined by means of the reverse hybridization principle on the nitrocellulose strip. Results: From the 105 patients the distributions of apo E phenotypes were as follows: ε3/2(5.7%), ε4/2(1.9%), ε3/3(70%), ε4/3(20%), ε4/4(1.9%). The relative frequencies of each allele are as follow: ε2 (0.038), ε3 (0.833), ε4 (0.128). The results show as follows: ⅰ) The IHD experiment group to have a higher occurrence of ε4/3 phenotypes as well as ε4 alleles than the control group. ⅱ) Both the control group and IHD group showed the largest distribution of ε3/3 for phenotypes, and ε4 for alleles. ⅲ) The IHD group showed less ε2/3 phenotypes as well as significantly less allele frequency of ε3 in comparison to the control group. ⅳ) the IHD group showed a much lower level of HDL in comparison to the control group, while the LDL was significantly higher; samples including the apo ε2 showed a significantly higher level of HDL than those without. Among the control group, samples including apo ε2 showed a significantly higher level of TG (triglyceride) than samples without. No significant difference was found between the experiment apo ε4 sample and the control plasma lipid sample. ⅴ) No significant correlation was found between an apo E polynorphism and the number of involved arteries of a coronary angiogram. Conclusion: Between the experiment IHD group and control group were found differences in the frequency of alleles. The polymorphism of apo E alleles may contribute as a risk factor to the development of heart disease by involving itself in the metabolism and modulation of plasma lipids.

Si(111)표면 위에서 알칼리 금속의 흡착에 관한 연구

곽호원,손정식 경운대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 産業技術硏究論文誌 Vol.5 No.1(A)

The adsorption system is also a fundamental interest because of its unique electronic properties such as measurement of work function change, adatom-core level shift. The effects of adsorption and desorption of alkali-metals on Si(111) surface were investigated by using AES and FHEED-system. It was found that the growth mode of K on Si surface was layer by layer growth and the saturation coverage was 2.0 ML at room temperature. Alkali-metals such as Li and K, adsorption and desorption processes on Si surface according to the alkali-metal thickness and substrate temperatures were accurately defined. By applying the isothermal desorption method, the desorption energies of Li/Si(111) and K/Si(111) surfaces was measured. On Li/Si(111) and K/Si(111) surfaces, the desorption energies were 3.07eV, 2.19eV respectively.

타이밍 오류 검출회로의 설계

정한철,곽철호,김정범 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2002 정보통신논문지 Vol.6 No.-

Error control is one of major concerns in many computer systems. Experience shows that most malfunctions during system operation are caused by transient faults, which often mean abnormal signal delays that may result in violations of circuit element timing constraints. This paper presents a novel CMOS-based concurrent timing error detector that makes a flip-flop (or other timing-sensitive circuit element) to sense and then signal whether its data has been potentially corrupted or not by a setup or hold timing violation. Designed circuit performs a quiescent supply current evaluation to determine timing violation from the input changes in relation to a clock edge. If the input is too close to the clock time, the resulting switching transient current in the detection circuit exceeds a reference threshold at the instant of the clock transition and an error is flagged. The simulation results in this paper shows that designed circuit can be used to detect setup and hold time violations effectively in clocked circuit element.

새로운 내장형 전류 감지 회로

곽철호,김정범 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2002 정보통신논문지 Vol.6 No.-

This paper proposes a new built-in current sensor(BICS) for current testing that has some advantages compared with conventional logic testing. The designed BICS detects the faults in circuit under test (CUT) and makes a Pass/Fail signal through comparison between CUT current and duplicated inverter current. The proposed circuit consists of a differential amplifier, a comparator and a inverter. It requires 10 MOSFETs and 3 inverters. Since the designed BICS does not require the extra clock, the added extra pin is only one output pin. The mode selection is not used in this method, so we can apply the circuit to on-line testing. The validity and effectiveness are verified through the HSPICE simulation of circuits with defects. When CUT is a 8×8 parallel multiplier, the area overhead of BICS is about 4.34%.

地理情報시스템에서 Node의 위상 정보를 利用한 單位圖面 倂合

김정희,이상준,곽호영 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1997 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.2

In general, the large amount of informations of GIS makes it difficult to extract the useful informations from the map data. so if we can process the map data by partial units. it is able to make the problem straightforward and easy to process, and it also overcomes the limitation of the input device systems. In this paper, we proposed a divide and conquer method to overcome the problem mentioned above. For this purpose, we resolved the GIS map data by hierarchical structured units. For the integration of the spatial data of the Map-Units, we designed a unit integration algorithm and system using the topology data model(TDM). The developed system could provide an extensibilities to the GIS by giving the integration ability to the system.

유효 XML 문서를 위한 RDB의 외부키 모델링

김정희,김정필,곽호영 중앙대학교정보통신연구소 2002 정보통신연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.1

본 논문은 관계형 데이터베이스에서 테이블들 사이의 복잡한 관계를 DTD(Document Type Definition)에 표현하는 모델링 방식을 제안하다. 테이블간의 외부 키 관계를 DTD내에 모델링하며 추출된 정보 등은 생성된 DTD를 참조함으로써 유효함을 보장받을 수 있게 된다. 모델링 방식은 작업영역에 해당되는 테이블들의 필드들을 순서화하고, 또한 테이블 이름과 해당 테이블 필드의 마지막 순서값을 파악하여 테이블정보를 생성하며, 필드 쌍은 주어진 순서 값들에서 외부 키가 존재하는 순서값들의 쌍으로 구성하게된다. 그 결과 데이터베이스에서 추출된 정보들에 대해 유효한 XML 문서형식을 보장하는 DTD 내용에 외부 키 모델링이 가능했으며, 기존방식보다 DTD 생성단계를 파악하는 과정이 감소됨을 알 수 있었다. In this paper, a modeling scheme is proposed to represent the relation between tables on DTD(Document Type Definition) in DTD makes the extracted information valid by referencing generated DTD. After indexing the fields of corresponding tables, the information of tables is generated by considering the table names and the last index values of tables, and a pair of fields consists of a pair of index values having external key from given index values. As a result, the foreign key modeling can be carried out in DTD which guarantees XML documents format for the extracted information from database, and it is known that effort for understanding procedure of DTD generating steps was effectively reduced by the proposed method than the present existing method.

실시간 인터넷 원서접수 시스템 설계 및 구현

김정희,곽호영 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2002 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of the paper is design and implementation of Internet-Based Real-Time Admission Application System (IBRTAAS) accepting applications for admission and offering related information. This system has functions of accepting applications for admission, dealing with on-line approval, collecting of public opinion, offering value-added service to applicants, and offering assistance for school affairs. By using this system, a better phase of our university was set up and motivation for applicants attraction was provided In addition, this system induced novel culture of entrance examination and provided distinctive related information effectively for mutual conversation with users without regard to the period of entrance examination.

지리정보시스템에서 Node의 위상 정보를 이용한 단위도면 병합

김정희,이상준,곽호영 濟州大學校 産業技術硏究所 1997 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.8 No.2

In general. the large amount of informations of GIS makes it difficult to extract the useful informations from the map data. so if we can process the map data by partial units, it is able to make the problem straightforward and easy to process, and it also overcomes the limitation of the input device systems. In this paper, we proposed a divide and conquer method to overcome the problem mentioned above. For this purpose, we resolved the GIS map data by hierarchical structured units. For the integration of the spatial data of the Map-Units, we designed a unit integration algorithm and system using the topology data model(TDM). The developed system could provide an extensibilities to the GIS by giving the integration ability to the system.

DCT 영역에서 분류 벡터 양자화를 이용한 블럭 예측 부호화

박정호,황병하,郭勳星 全北大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.38 No.-

In this paper, an effective block predictive coding was presented. This method makes use of the basic properties of image and the analysis of the correlation within spatial domain and transform domain. For this block predicive coding, first, the correlations between spatial domain and transform domain are analyzed, and then with these properties a very effective classifier is designed for obtaining minmized errors. After setting delegate blocks out of each class passed through the classifier, the errors between input blocks and delegate blocks are classified-vector quantized. Simulation shows that significantly improved results are obtained compared to Aizawa method[4], that is, in terms of the quality of reconstructed image, 3∼5 dB at the same bit rate, and the blocking effect is reduced even for low bit rates.

data graph에 기반한 XML 인스턴스의 RDB 저장 모델

김정희,곽호영 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2003 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.14 No.1

A RDB storage model based on the data graph is suggested for store the XML instance in relational databases(RDB). The XML instance being stored is represented by data graph based on the edge-labeled graph. data path table, element, attribute, and table index table values are extracted. Then database schema is defined, and extracted values are stored using the mapper. In order to support query, RDB storage model offers the translator translating XQL which is used as query language under XPATH. In addition, it makes us have DBtoXIML generator restoring the stored XML instance. As a result, storage relationship between the XML instance and RDB structure can be expressed in terms of graph-based path, and it shows the possibility of easy search of random element and attribute information.