http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
<i>Euphausia pacifica</i> brood sizes: a North Pacific synthesis
Feinberg, L. R.,Shaw, C. T.,Peterson, W. T.,Dé,cima, M.,Okazaki, Y.,Ju, S.-J. Oxford University Press 2013 Journal of plankton research Vol.35 No.6
<P><I>Euphausia pacifica</I> occupy a remarkably wide range of ecosystems. We examined the differences in brood sizes from eight regions of the North Pacific to explore how variation in the brood size might contribute to their success over such a range. We show a compilation and analysis of short-term <I>E. pacifica</I> brood size incubations from around the North Pacific rim, ranging from the Yellow Sea (YS) (Korea) to southern California (SC), USA. Brood sizes for <I>E. pacifica</I> are highly variable in all regions and range from 5 to 697 eggs overall. Median brood sizes were largest in the YS and off Newport, Oregon and the maximum brood sizes were greatest in the regions off the coasts of Oregon and Washington, USA followed by the YS. Quantile regression analysis revealed that there was a significant relationship between the female length and the maximum brood size (95% quantile) for broods from SC, Oregon, and Washington, USA as well as Toyama Bay, Japan, indicating that the maximum brood size is limited by the female length in these regions. This suggests that other factors, hydrographic conditions, food quantity/quality or physiological condition of females, may limit maximum brood sizes in the other regions examined here.</P>
Normal and Reconstructed Mandibular Condyle Mechanics
Hollister, S.J.,Feinberg, S.E. The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2001 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.15 No.7
One approach to reconstructing a damaged mandibular condyle is to replace it with a rib graft. This procedure requires removal of the lateral pterygoid muscle. The rib graft has significantly different shape and mechanical properties than the original condyle. These three factors can be expected to alter mandible (jaw) mechanics. We used voxel-based finite element methods to analysis both normal and a simulated reconstructed mandible using data from the US NIH Visible Human Female. Results demonstrated significant differences between normal and reconstructed mandible mechanics. The reconstructed mandible displaced more than the normal mandible. Stresses in the rib graft were 3 to 4 times higher than in a normal mandibular condyle. Stresses in the rest of the mandible were also higher in the reconstructed case. Further analyses are required to determine how each of the alterations in the reconstructed mandible contributes to the difference in reconstructed mandible mechanics.
The biochemical estimation of age in Euphausiids: Laboratory calibration and field comparisons
Harvey, H.R.,Ju, S.J.,Son, S.K.,Feinberg, L.R.,Shaw, C.T.,Peterson, W.T. Pergamon Press 2010 Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oce Vol.57 No.7
Euphausiids play a key role in many marine ecosystems as a link between primary producers and top predators. Understanding their demographic (i.e. age) structure is an essential tool to assess growth and recruitment as well as to determine how changes in environmental conditions might alter their condition and distribution. Age determination of crustaceans cannot be accomplished using traditional approaches, and here we evaluate the potential for biochemical products of tissue metabolism (termed lipofuscins) to determine the demographic structure of euphausiids in field collections. Lipofuscin was extracted from krill neural tissues (eye and eye-stalk), quantified using fluorescent intensity and normalized to tissue protein content to allow comparisons across animal sizes. Multiple fluorescent components from krill were observed, with the major product having a maximum fluorescence at excitation of 355nm and emission of 510nm. Needed age calibration of lipofuscin accumulation in Euphausia pacifica was accomplished using known-age individuals hatched and reared in the laboratory for over one year. Lipofuscin content extracted from neural tissues of laboratory-reared animals was highly correlated with the chronological age of animals (r=0.87). Calibrated with laboratory lipofuscin accumulation rates, field-collected sub-adult and adult E. pacifica in the Northeast Pacific were estimated to be older than 100 days and younger than 1year. Comparative data for the Antarctic krill, E. superba showed much higher lipofuscin values suggesting a much longer lifespan than the more temperate species, E. pacifica. These regional comparisons suggest that biochemical indices allow a practical approach to estimate population age structure of diverse populations, and combined with other measurements can provide estimates of vital rates (i.e. longevity, mortality, growth) for krill populations in dynamic environments.