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In Sil Huh,Hyesook Kim,Hee Kyung Jo,Chun Soo Lim,Jong Seung Kim,Soo Jin Kim,Oran Kwon,Bumjo Oh,Namsoo Chang 대한지역사회영양학회 2017 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.11 No.3
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Increased consumption of instant noodles has recently been reported to be positively associated with obesity and cardiometabolic syndrome in South Korea, which has the highest per capita instant noodle consumption worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between instant noodle consumption and cardiometabolic risk factors among college students in Seoul. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study subjects consisted of 3,397 college students (1,782 male; 1,615 female) aged 18-29 years who participated in a health checkup. Information on instant noodle consumption was obtained from the participants’ answers to a question about their average frequency of instant noodle intake over the 1 year period prior to the survey. RESULTS: Statistical analysis using a general linear model that adjusted for age, body mass index, gender, family income, health-related behaviors, and other dietary factors important for cardiometabolic risk, showed a positive association between the frequency of instant noodle consumption and plasma triglyceride levels, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose levels in all subjects. Compared to the group with the lowest frequency of instant noodle intake (≤ 1/month), the odds ratio for hypertriglyceridemia in the group with an intake of ≥ 3/week was 2.639 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.393-5.000] for all subjects, while it was 2.149 (95% CI, 1.045-4.419) and 5.992 (95% CI, 1.859-21.824) for male and female students, respectively. In female students, diastolic blood pressure was also higher among more frequent consumers of instant noodles. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that frequent consumption of instant noodles may be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors among apparently healthy college students aged 18-29 years.
Attitudes and Knowledge of the Elderly Among Nursing Related College Students
Eun Sil Huh,Hyeon Kyu Seon,Yong Deuk Choi 한국노인복지학회 2010 International Journal of Welfare for the Aged Vol.23 No.-
In this study 1,280 male and female college students were asked how they felt about their feeling an general images of the elderly. Overall, it was observed that students perceive the elderly positively in general, which is somewhat contrasting to negative view of those in metropolitan areas. Particularly, it is noticeable that male students, students whose parents are occupationally unsecure and without religion, and students living without grandparent perceive the aged more positively than the counterparts. There are some impacts of major of social welfare an general perception of the elderly; the proportion if those who have lived with and experienced educating the elderly is significantly higher for the welfare major students than the others.
인면역결핍바이러스감염에서 Ribavirin의 Lamivudine에 대한 길항효과
허애정,남정구,장경희,염준섭,최준용,송영구,김성순,이주실,이꽃실,김영근,김명수,박우일,김준명 대한화학요법학회 2002 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.20 No.1
배경 : HIV 감염자 수의 증가와 다양한 치료제 개발로 인해 HIV 감염자의 수명이 연장되면서 HCV 감염이 HIV 감염의 자연경과 및 사망률에 악영향을 미치는 중요한 병원균으로 대두되고 있다. 또한 HIV가 HCV의 질병경화를 악화시킬 수 있음이 밝혀지면서 동시감염의 치료에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 약물 상호작용도 그 주요 관심사 중 하나이다 RBV과 다양한 항레트로바이러스제제들간의 약물 상호작용에 대한 연구가 진행된 결과 ZDV과 d4T에 대하서 길항작용을, ddI에 대해서는 상승작용을 보임이 밝혀져 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 뉴클레오시드 유사체들과 세포내 대사과정을 달리하는 3TC에 대한 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 분주하여 부관되어 있던 세포주 MT-4를 48-72시간마다 계대배양하여 1.96×10^(6)cell/㎖의 수준으로 유지하였고, 96 well plate에 각 well 당 1.0×10⁴cells/㎖씩 분주하였다. ZDV(0.0001-1000μM/L)과 3TC(0.00001-100mM/L)의 농도를 각각 10배씩 희석하여 투여한 후 세포를 5일간 배양하여 각농도에서의 세포독성을 MTT assay로 평가하였으며, RBV(2μM/L) 투여전후의 변화를 비교하였다. 항바이러스 효과를 평가하기 위하여 MT-4세포에 각 well 당 100 TCID_(50)의 HIV-1 strain HTLV-Ⅲ을 첨가하여 감염시킨 상태에서 유사한 방법으로 ZDV과 3TC의 농도를 10배씩 희석하여 투여한 후 37℃, 5% CO₂ incubator에서 배양하였다. 배양 1주일후 상층액을 얻어 HIV-1 p24 core profile ELISA를 사용하여 p24 Ag을 정량적으로 측정하였고, IC_(50)를 평가하였다. 약물들과 함께 RBV을 투여한 후 같은 방법으로 세포독성 및 항바이러스 효과를 평가하였다. ZDV, 3TC를 단독투여한 결과와 RBV을 함께 투여한 결과를 비교분석 하기 위하여 Wilcoxon rank sum test로 분석하였다. 결과 : ZDV 단독투여시 CD_(50)는 36.8μM이었고 RBV을 함께 투여시 CD_(50)가 39.9μM로 증가하였으며, 3TC의 경우 RBV 투여전후의 CD_(50)는 각각 2357.2μM, 2248.8μM이었다. MTT assay상 ZDV 0.01 및 0.1μM/L 농도에서 (p=0.003, 0.039), 3TC 100μM/L 농도에서(p=0.027) RBV 투여 전후 세포생존율의 차이를 보였다. 3TC 단독 투여시에 비해 RBV과 병용투여한 경우 통계적으로 유의하게 p24 Ag 생성이 증가하였고 (p=0.007) 이러한 결과는 ZDV에서와 유사하였다(p=0.026). ZDV 단독투여시 IC_(50)는 0.03μM였고, ribavirin을 함께 투여후 0.067μM에서 0.152μM로 2.3배 증가된 소견을 보였다. 결론 : 이상의 실험결과로부터 RBV 투여가 3TC의 세포독성 및 항바이러스효과를 감소시키며 이러한 길항작용은 농도의존적임을 알 수 있었다. 본연구는 이전에 제시된 연구들과 함께 RBV이 항레트로바이러스제제와 병합투여 되었을 때 약물대사에 미치는 영향을 보여준 중요한 자료중 하나가 될 것이다. HIV/HCV 동시감염자에서 상용량의 RBV을 병용투여할 경우 3TC의 농도가 낮게 유지되어 HIV의 내성을 유도할 가능성을 내포한다고 볼 수 있겠으나, 실제로 직접 임상에 적용하기는 어려우며 생체내에서의 이들 약물의 상호작용 및 대사변화를 평가하기 위해서는 생체내에서의 약동학 및 약력학적 평가를 포함한 광범위한 임상연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background : One of the main concerns of interferon/ribavirin(RBV) treatment in Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/Hepatitis C virus(HCV) coinfected patients is that of drug-drug interactions. Recent studies reveal that RBV is antagonistic with zidovudine(ZDV), stavudine(d4T) and synergistic with didanosine(ddl). The phosphorylation of lamivudine(3TC) utilizes the enzyme deoxycytidine kinase. Manipulation of 3TC phosphorylation is a possible therapeutic strategy for modulating antiretroviral efficacy and cytotoxicity of 3TC. Methods : MT-4 cell lines were maintained in RPMI 1640 growth medium as a cell suspension 1.96 × 106cells/㎖), doubling approximately every 48-72 hr. Cells were incubated with ZDV(0.0001-1000mM) and 3TC(0.00001-100mM) in the presence and absence of RBV(2uM) in 96-well microtiter plates and cytotoxicity was determined using modified MTT assay. At the end of the 7 days, the cell-free supernatant was serially diluted and samples(100uL) were then assayed for p24 antigen with ELISA to evaluate the inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication. The results were expressed in terms of the 50% inhibitory concentration(IC50). Analysis was done by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results : 3TC alone significantly reduced p24 antigen production, with an IC50 0.067mM and addition of RBV increased the IC50 approximately 8.4 fold (0.563mM). However, at higher concentration of 3TC, the antagonistc effect of RBV was lost The decrease in the cytotoxic and antiviral efficacy of ZDV in the presence of RBV is consistent with previous studies that have demonstrated reduced ZDV activation. Conclusion : The addition of RBV siginificantly reduced cytotoxicity and antiretroviral efficacy of 3TC in MT-4 cell lines and the antagonistic effect of RBV is concentration dependent. This study provides further insight into the complex interaction between RBV and 3TC in vitro.
Huh, Tae-Eon,Yeom, Jung Sook,Kim, Young-Soo,Woo, Hyang-Ok,Park, Ji Sook,Park, Eun Sil,Seo, Ji-Hyun,Lim, Jae-Young,Park, Chan-Hoo,Park, Ki-Jong,Youn, Hee-Shang The Korean Pediatric Society 2013 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.56 No.1
Purpose: Chronic day-to-day symptoms of orthostatic intolerance are the most notable features of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). However, we have encountered patients with such symptoms and excessive tachycardia but with no symptoms during the tilt-table test (TTT). We aimed to investigate whether POTS patients with chronic orthostatic intolerance always present orthostatic symptoms during the TTT and analyze the factors underlying symptom manifestation during this test. Methods: We retrospectively examined patients who presented with POTS at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital between 2008 and 2011. Diagnosis of POTS was based on chronic day-to-day orthostatic intolerance symptoms as well as excessive tachycardia during the TTT. The patients were divided two groups depending on the presentation of orthostatic symptoms during the TTT. Clinical data and the results of the TTT were compared between these groups. Results: In 22 patients, 7 patients (31.8%) did not present orthostatic symptoms during the test. Diastolic blood pressure (BP) was significantly lower in the symptom-positive group. The head-up tilt resulted in a significant increase in diastolic BP in the symptom-negative group (P=0.04), while systolic BP had a tendency to decrease in the symptom-positive group (P=0.06). Conclusion: Significant patients with POTS did not present orthostatic symptoms during the TTT despite having chronic daily symptoms. This finding may be important for establishing definitive diagnostic criteria for pediatric POTS. Development of symptoms during TTT might be related to low diastolic BP and abnormal compensatory responses to orthostasis.