스트레인 게이지를 利用한 土壤硬度計의 開發 : Ⅱ. 實用化試驗 Ⅱ. Application Experiment

章益柱,李基明,金泰漢 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSI 1984 慶北大農學誌 Vol.2 No.-

The soil hardness tester was developed in order to increase the accuracy of measurement and easiness of handling and make it possible to read the data continuously which might be impossible with conventional soil-hardness tester. A strain gauge and a potentiometer were mounted at cone penetrometer in this soil hardness tester. A series of soil hardness tests were conducted at the laboratory using this measuring system. And the results were compared with those obtained from cone penetrometer which was widly used for this purpose. Also, the soil resistance characteristics were investigated when cone, plate and cone-plate were tested, respectively. The following conclusions were drawn from the results: 1. The soil hardness tester developed in this experiment read data more accurately than cone penetrometer did, which was designed to read with dial gauge. Also, it made possible to read the data continuously as it penetrated from the surface to subsoil. 2. When cone, plate and cone-plate were penetrated into the test soil, soil hardness increased as depth increased gradually. Approximately at a 15㎝ of soil depth, the increase of soil hardness stopped and increased again as it penetrated deeply. This phenomenon seemed to be caused from soil resistance characteristic to penetration. 3. The desirable diameter of the plate seemed to be 50㎜ or more for measuring the surface hardness of the soil sample used in this experiment.

대한체육회의 변천과정과 지향방안

주동진,장익란,김동규 한국스포츠리서치 2005 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of this study examined and analyzed the historical changes of KSC and reconfirmed its effects and influences upon athletic activities in Korea and in other countries by theoretical frame based on philological way. In addition. it also presents characteristics of the changes and process of KSC and offers the visions of progress. Accordingly. the researcher made a specific purpose of the study. Firstly, a analysis on the of formation of KSC periodically. Secondly, a analysis on process of changes of KSC periodically. Thirdly, a new vision to offer for the progress of KSC. A periodical division of KSC: 1) KSC as an optional body(1915-1953). 2) KSC as a corporation(1954-1967). 3) KSC as an integration body(1968-1982), 4) KSC as a special corporation(1988-now). This study offers the visions for progress of KSC. The results of this study were as follows: 1) re-establishment an idea of physical education. 2) make healthy policies and systems of physical education. 3) integration of KSC and NACOSA. 1) separation KSC from KOC. 5) expansion of finance of physical education. 6) improvement of financial independence of member organizations. In conclusion. KSC has to be an organization of physical education and athletics for all the people, balancing with historical progress and according with purposes of the enterprise, it also has to improve its ability to do the duty and roles as a leader which generalizes physical education and athletics in Korea.

트랙타 부착 대형이앙기 개발 및 재배적 실용성

박성태,장익주,정창화,김상열,김재현,문헌팔,양세준,김순철 한국국제농업개발학회 2002 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.14 No.3

쌀 생산비를 줄이고 대경지 규모화 영농에 적응할 수 있는 농기계 개발을 목적으로 연구개발한 대규모 경지적응 트랙터 부착 대형벼이앙기의 구성과 특징 및 개발시작기의 재배적 실용성 평가결과를 요약정리하면 다음과 같다. 1. 트랙터 부착 12조 대형벼이앙기는 크게 바퀴자국 제거로타리, 문짝형 정지판, 이앙장치부 등으로 구성되어 있다. 2. 트랙터 부착 12조 이앙기는 트랙터 동력을 이용하여 로타리, 정지 및 이앙작업이 동시에 이루어 질 수 있도록 개발하였다. 3. 바퀴자국을 없애는 날은 기존의 로타리 날을 교체하면 되도록 반달형 날로 제작하였다. 4. 이앙기는 이동시는 접을 수 있도록 설계 제작되어 대형화가 가능하므로 기존 6조 승용이앙기에 비하여 이앙작업 능력이 1.5배 이상이었다. 5. 트랙터 부착 대형벼이앙기는 트랙터와 같은 큰 동력원을 이용할 수 있으므로 측조시비기, 긴매트모 탑재 등 다양한 작업기 및 기능을 추가로 부착 가능하도록 설계되었다. 6. 트랙터 부착 대형벼이앙기는 어린모 및 중묘이앙시 결주율은 3.0∼4.3%로 기계이앙기 결주 허용범위 5% 미만이었다. 하지만 무경운 논에서는 이앙작업은 가능하나 부묘율이 다소 높은 점은 보완이 필요하다. To develop a labor saving rice cultivation technology, a new tractor attached rice transplanter has been developed for large scale farming and its field performance was evaluated. The rice transplanter consists of three major parts such as rotary for removing tractor tire furrow, door-shaped soil leveling plate and transplanting equipment. The rice transplanter is operated using the power of the tractor and performs rotary, harrow and seedling transplanting simultaneously. A half moon shaped rotary blade was found to be very efficient to remove tire furrow developed during seedling transplanting and the original rotary blade can be replaced easily with existed rotary blade. The seedling transplanting part of the transplanter was designed to fold into small size and the transplanting efficiency of the transplanter was found to be 1.5 times higher than that of the conventional riding type six row transplanter. Since the transplanter is operated through a strong power of the tractor, the additional attachment such as fertilizer application apparatus and long mat rice seedling carrier is possible. Based on the field performance of the transplanter, although the missing hill percentage showed roughly with 3.0∼4.3% for 10-day and 30-day old seedlings but the percentage is less than 5% which is maximum missing hill permit in the transplanting rice. Seedling transplanting in no-tillage field condition is acceptable but floating seedling percentage is still high and thus further technology improvement for minimizing floating seedling percontage is needed.

간문부 담관암 환자에서 경피경관 양측성 금속 배액관의 효과

김금래,김주형,박원규,장재천,조재호,김태년,김준화,장병익 영남대학교 의과대학 2005 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of percutaneously place self-expanding metallic stent for the relief of biliary obstruction in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: From November 2001 to December 2004, 48 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were prospectively studied. After percutaneous placement of bilateral self-expanding, uncovered metallic stents, follow-up evaluation was carried out until July 2005. Results: There were 4 cased of Bismuth type Ⅱ,21 cases of Bismuth typeⅢa 8 cases of Bismuth type Ⅲb and 15 cases of Bismuth type Ⅳ. Stent placement was technically successful in all patients All patients had satisfactory biliary drainage, resulting in one week drainage rate of 72.8% and final drainage of 91.9% There were 12 cases (21.3%) of abdominal pain requiring analgesics and 1 case (7.1%) of cholangitis; both were successfully managed with conservative treatments. Late complications occurred in four patient (8.3%), including two patients with cholangitis, one patient with liver abscess, and one patient with biloma; all were appropriately managed by percutaneous drainage. The average length and median durations of stent patency and median survival time were 303 days (range, 60~815) and 338 days (range, 60 ~1175), respectively. Conclusion: Placement of a percutaneous metallic stent is an effective and safe method of palliation of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

정신보건법의 주요 쟁점 조항에 대한 선진국과의 사례 비교

홍진표,황순찬,박수빈,서동우,정은기,김진학,박종익,안주연,김수정,장홍석 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.2

Objectives The Mental Health Act is an initiative aimed at changing and shaping mental health services and protecting human rights of persons with mental disorders. Since the Mental Health Act was legislated in 1995, four amendments have been made according to the issues that arose from public concerns. However, there are still many debates about the human rights protection of the mentally iII. This study aimed to provide information regarding major aspects of the Mental Health Act by comparing them among several developed countries. Methods Current Mental Health Acts of the state of Michigan in the United States, Scotland in England, the state of Victoria in Australia, and Japan were reviewed. Issues regarding the Korean Mental Health Act were collected from seminar materials, news media contents, and mental health professionals Results The definition of subjects in Korean Mental Health Act was more inclusive than other countries and was derived from a medical classification of mental illness. Family members or guardians were granted important responsibilities for deciding the involuntary admission of mentally ill patients in Korea and Japan. In Western countries, Mental Health Review Tribunals or courts have the primary responsibility for important decisions about mentally ill patients. The regulation of immediate dis- charge after request by voluntarily admitted patients was not enacted in all countries except Korea. The mandatory procedure for involuntary admission in Western countries includes an individual case review with personal interview by a Mental Health Review Tribunal or court. Conclusion The Korean Mental Health Act appears to meet the basic standards of Guidelines from international organizations. Our traditional culture and inherent health systems seem to influence the legal regulation of mental health service and might be related to the problems of human rights protection of mentally ill patients in Korea.

Development of a Water-Spraying Type Automatic Glochids Removal System for Cactus (Opuntia humifusa) Stem

Jang, Ik Joo,Park, Tusan,Ha, Yu Shin Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.3

Purpose: A water-spraying type automatic glochids removal system for cactus (Opuntia humifusa) stem was developed, and its performance was evaluated. The system was developed to reduce intensive human labor in removing glochids from cactus stem skin without inducing damage prior to further processing into value-added products. Methods: The developed system consists of conveyor and water-spraying systems. The conveyor system delivers cactus stems through water-spraying compartments and finally to a collecting box. In order to remove the glochids, rotating nozzles spray water over all areas (i.e., front and back faces and sides) of the cactus skin under controlled water pressure. Operating conditions such as conveyor speed, water pressure, angle of water-spraying nozzles, distance between conveyor belt and rotating nozzles, and angle of cactus flipping slide were adopted from our previous study and applied on the system design and manufacturing. The performance of glochids removal was evaluated by counting the number of glochids on the cactus stem before and after processing on the system. Results: The developed system performed efficiently and effectively under the pre-studied operating conditions except for the angle of cactus flipping slide. The new system had a glochids removal ratio of 94.1% without damaging the cactus skin. Considering the original number (approximately 30-60) of glochids, the remaining number was low (1-4), and most of them were found at the side edge of the cactus stem. This system can remove glochids from 360 cactus stems in 1 hr regardless of cactus size. Conclusions: The performance of the new system in glochids removal without damaging cactus skin is superior to any other existing device (i.e., brush type, rubber-friction type, and agitation type). The system is expected to be applied in cactus (O. humifusa) processing facilities.

An Analysis of Design Factors for Developing Opuntia Humifusa Spines Removal Device

( Ik Joo Jang ),( Yu Shin Ha ) 한국농업기계학회 2013 바이오시스템공학 Vol.38 No.3

Purpose: Opuntia Humifusa has been used in the food and beauty industry after removing spines and glochids clearly. This study compared the methods used in removing spines and analyzed the design factors for developing a spine removal device. Method: This study compared the spine removal ratios in accordance with the length of brush, water spray pressure, the number of water spray, and the size of Opuntia Humifusa in a rotating brush device and a water spray device. In addition, this study compared the reversal ratios according to the inclination angle of a conveyor, the drop height of Opuntia Humifusa, and the speed of the conveyor to analyze the reversal factors. Results: The spines were not removed clearly in the rotating brush method, and the glochids were nailed deeply. The spine removal ratio was 96.9% with the water spray pressure of 20 kgf/㎠ and the conveyor speed of 10 cm/s in the water spray method. The number of water spray was correlated with the spine removal ratio, and the average spine removal ratio was 95.6% with three cycles of water spray. The reversal ratio was 97% with the inclination angle of the conveyor 20°, the drop height of 380 mm, and the conveyor speed of 10 cm/s, Conclusions: In order to develop a Opuntia humifusa spine removing device, this study compared the rotating brush and water spray methods. As a result, each spine removal performance of the rotating brush and water spray methods was 96.9% and 95.6%, respectively. Although the performance of the rotating brush method was slightly higher than that of the water spray method, the water spray method was suitable for removing spines from stem because the epidermis of stem was damaged and the glochids were nail deeply in the rotating brush method. Further studies on appropriate arrangement of spray nozzles, maintaining the optimal water spray pressure, the speed and angle control of the feeding conveyor, and devices for inducing the stem to the center will be needed in combining the water spray device and the reversal device.

Development of a Water-Spraying Type Automatic Glochids Removal System for Cactus (Opuntia humifusa) Stem

( Ik Joo Jang ),( Yu Shin Ha ),( Tusan Park ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.4

A water-spraying type automatic glochids removal system for cactus (Opuntia humifusa) stem was developed, and its performance was evaluated. The system was developed to reduce intensive human labor in removing glochids from cactus stem skin without inducing damage prior to further processing into value-added products. Methods: The developed system consists of conveyor and water-spraying systems. The conveyor system delivers cactus stems through water-spraying compartments and finally to a collecting box. In order to remove the glochids, rotating nozzles spray water over all areas (i.e., front and back faces and sides) of the cactus skin under controlled water pressure. Operating conditions such as conveyor speed, water pressure, angle of water-spraying nozzles, distance between conveyor belt and rotating nozzles, and angle of cactus flipping slide were adopted from our previous study and applied on the system design and manufacturing. The performance of glochids removal was evaluated by counting the number of glochids on the cactus stem before and after processing on the system. Results: The developed system performed efficiently and effectively under the pre-studied operating conditions except for the angle of cactus flipping slide. The new system had a glochids removal ratio of 94.1% without damaging the cactus skin. Considering the original number (approximately 30.60) of glochids, the remaining number was low (1.4), and most of them were found at the side edge of the cactus stem. This system can remove glochids from 360 cactus stems in 1 hr regardless of cactus size. Conclusions: The performance of the new system in glochids removal without damaging cactus skin is superior to any other existing device (i.e., brush type, rubber-friction type, and agitation type). The system is expected to be applied in cactus (O. humifusa) processing facilities.

An Analysis of Design Factors for Developing Opuntia Humifusa Spines Removal Device

Jang, Ik Joo,Ha, Yu Shin Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2013 바이오시스템공학 Vol.38 No.3

Purpose: Opuntia Humifusa has been used in the food and beauty industry after removing spines and glochids clearly. This study compared the methods used in removing spines and analyzed the design factors for developing a spine removal device. Method: This study compared the spine removal ratios in accordance with the length of brush, water spray pressure, the number of water spray, and the size of Opuntia Humifusa in a rotating brush device and a water spray device. In addition, this study compared the reversal ratios according to the inclination angle of a conveyor, the drop height of Opuntia Humifusa, and the speed of the conveyor to analyze the reversal factors. Results: The spines were not removed clearly in the rotating brush method, and the glochids were nailed deeply. The spine removal ratio was 96.9% with the water spray pressure of 20 $kgf/cm^2$ and the conveyor speed of 10 cm/s in the water spray method. The number of water spray was correlated with the spine removal ratio, and the average spine removal ratio was 95.6% with three cycles of water spray. The reversal ratio was 97% with the inclination angle of the conveyor $20^{\circ}$, the drop height of 380 mm, and the conveyor speed of 10 cm/s. Conclusions: In order to develop a Opuntia humifusa spine removing device, this study compared the rotating brush and water spray methods. As a result, each spine removal performance of the rotating brush and water spray methods was 96.9% and 95.6%, respectively. Although the performance of the rotating brush method was slightly higher than that of the water spray method, the water spray method was suitable for removing spines from stem because the epidermis of stem was damaged and the glochids were nail deeply in the rotating brush method. Further studies on appropriate arrangement of spray nozzles, maintaining the optimal water spray pressure, the speed and angle control of the feeding conveyor, and devices for inducing the stem to the center will be needed in combining the water spray device and the reversal device.

원예기계의 무인화 현황과 방향

장익주(Ik Joo Jang) 한국원예학회 2013 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2013 No.10