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장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
급속 열처리시킨 n-GaAs에서 Photoreflectance 연구
김인수,배인호,최재두,김근형 嶺南大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-
The characteristics of rapid thermal annealed n-GaAs(100) is analyzed by the photoreflectance(PR) measurement. The Si highly doped n-GaAs was observed the FKO signals. The bandgap(E?) and surface electric field(E?) of as-grown sample were 1.423 eV and 2.65×10? V/cm, respectively. In the rapid thermal annealed samples, E? was increased and then decreased by increasing anealing temperature, and it was increased again at 800 ℃. These results could be explained by decreasing of the non-radiative recombination on samples. For the time dependence of the rapid thermal annealing, the amplitude of the PR signal was maximum at 20 sec, and E? was increased by 10.7 times than that of as-grown sample.
金亨圭,安秉根 경북대학교 교육대학원 1990 논문집 Vol.22 No.-
Absolute poverty is commonly defined as a situation in which basic needs for physical survival are not sufficiently satisfied. For example, S. Rowntree(1901) defined families as being in 'primary poverty' if their total earnings are insufficient to obtain the minimum necessities for the maintenance of merely physical efficiency. On the other hand, definitions of poverty in relative terms are based on norms that attempt to take express account of actual deprivation with respect to average levels of needs satisfaction in the society in question. In this relativist view, there are three major points of view:①theory of relative deprivation(townsend, 1974), ②defining poverty as the fraction of mean income or median income(Atkinson, 1975, Fuchs, 1967) and ③defining poverty as a certain lowest percentile of the income distribution(Miller and Roby, 1971). One thing does seem to have clearly established:namely, that there must be a relative definition of poverty. The only person seriously to have questioned is Sen(1983) who presents a case for an absolutist approach. He had outlined the case for using an absolute approach to poverty related to the notion of capability and argued that the dispute on absolute vs. relative conceptualisation of poverty can be better resolved by being more explicit on the particular space (3.g., commodities, incomes, or capabilities) in which the concept is to be bases.
Kim, Yun-Gon,Gil, Geun-Cheol,Jang, Kyung-Soon,Lee, Sukmook,Kim, Hyoung-Il,Kim, Jung-Sik,Chung, Junho,Park, Chung-Gyu,Harvey, David J.,Kim, Byung-Gee John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 Journal of mass spectrometry Vol.44 No.7
<P>N-glycan structures released from miniature pig endothelial and islet cells were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF), negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI) MS/MS and normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC) combined with exoglycosidase digestion. Totally, the identified structures were 181 N-glycans including 129 sialylated and 18 α-galactosylated glycans from pig endothelial cells and 80 N-glycans including 41 sialylated and one α-galactosylated glycans from pig islet cells. The quantity of the α-galactosylated glycans from pig islet cells was certainly neglectable compared to pig endothelial cells. A number of NeuGc-terminated N-glycans (80 from pig endothelial cells and 13 from pig islet cells) are newly detected by our mass spectrometric strategies. The detailed structural information will be a matter of great interest in organ or cell xenotransplantation using α 1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GalT-KO) pig. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
김기훈,최지훈,계영하,장근영,김지웅,김태현,김경희,박병현,형근영,조정구 대한당뇨병학회 2000 임상당뇨병 Vol.1 No.1
Diabetics are predisposed to certain acute mononeuropathies, including a cranial neuropathy involving ocular motor nerves. Oculomotor nerve palsy is the most common cranial neuropathy in diabetes mellitus. Affection of several nerves in one eye can occur, rarely. Such as, the third and the sixth or the third and the fourth. The clinical characteristics of diabetes-associated ophathalmoplegia include abrupt onset, frequent occurrence of short-lived ipsilateral pain, sparing of pupillary reflex, resolution in most cases within a few months. Clinicopathological studies have suggested that diabetic ophathalomoplegia results from microvascular ischemia of an oculomotor nerve in its subarachnoid, cavernous segment or mid brain. Pupillary sparing is a single feature of diabetic third nerve palsy, and it has been widely used to distinguish diabetic oculomtor palsy from extrinsic compressive lesion of the third nerve, such as an aneurysm in the carotid siphon. No specific treatment is necessary. We experienced two cases of diabetic spontaneous ophthalmoplegia, one affected oculomotor nerve and the other affected partially oculomotor nerve and trochlear nerve, so we report these cases with review of the literatures.
( Geun Hyoung Choi ),( Leesun Kim ),( Deuk Yeong Lee ),( Cho Long Jin ),( Sung Jin Lim ),( Byung Jun Park ),( Nam Jun Cho ),( Jin Hyo Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.59 No.2
The quantitative analytical method for the bioactive substance, 3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone (ricinine) and an index compound, ricinoleic acid in castor plant (Ricinus communis) extract or oil was developed. For the determination of a pyridone alkaloid compound, ricinine, successive cartridge cleanup method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography was set up with ENVI-CarbTM (0.5 g) and C18 SPE cartridges. Accuracy and precision were evaluated through fortification studies of one biopesticide (PE) at 10 and 100 mg kg.1. Mean recoveries of ricinine were 98.7 and 96.0 % associated with less than 10 % RSD, respectively. For the determination of ricinoleic acid in castor extract and oil, saponification and methylation were optimized using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. Recovery was more than 84.8 % associated with 6.2 % RSD after derivatization procedure. Both methodologies developed were applied to analyze real samples including three castor oil products and six commercially available biopesticides containing R. communis, collected at Korean market. The contents of ricinine and ricinoleic acid in most commercial biopesticides were less than the oil or extract contents indicated by label.
Kim, Dong Geun,Jo, Yong Hee,Yang, Junha,Choi, Won-Mi,Kim, Hyoung Seop,Lee, Byeong-Joo,Sohn, Seok Su,Lee, Sunghak Elsevier 2019 Scripta materialia Vol.171 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The existing deformation-induced martensitic transformation mostly focuses on overcoming the trade-off of cryogenic strength-ductility; however, an enhancement of cryogenic strength further is still challenging. We present a concept to yield a cryogenic strength of 2 GPa in a duplex V<SUB>10</SUB>Cr<SUB>10</SUB>Co<SUB>30</SUB>Fe<SUB>50</SUB> alloy. We adopt a thermodynamic calculation to reduce the stability of metastable face-centered-cubic (FCC) matrix, significantly promoting the martensitic transformation. In conjunction with the chemically driven promotion, the duplex structure including athermal body-centered-cubic (BCC) martensite enables mechanical strain partitioning to accelerate the transformation further. This finding could be an appropriate design strategy to develop new ultrastrong alloys for cryogenic applications.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>