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hideya KURATA 국방대학교 국가안전보장문제연구소 2018 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.23 No.2
This article first attempts to examine the documents adopted at the two summit meetings Chairman Kim Jong-un had in the former part of 2018 with South Korean President Moon Jae-in at Panmunjeom in April and with US President Trump at Singapore in June in comparison with the documents adopted in the early 1990’s; the inter-Korean Basic Agreement and US-DPRK Agreed Framework. Those documents are also examined from the principle of North Korea’s denuclearization put forth by the Bush administration in 2000s; Complete, Verifiable and Irreversible Dismantlement (CVID). The documents at Panmunjeom and Singapore envisioned building a peaceregime on the Korean Peninsula; replacing 1953 Military Armistice Agreement with a peace agreement. It entails the dismantlement of the United Nations Command (UNC). President Moon moreover envisages the inter-Korean peace regime by the Operational Control (OPCON) transfer from the US Forces in Korea to the ROK armed forces that necessitates dismantlement of the Combined Forces Command (CFC). It would be also considered how the US-Japan-ROK security arrangements will be transformed if the two commands were dismantled from Japan’s perspective.
( Hideya Kurata ) 한국국방연구원 1995 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.7 No.1
The Agreement on Reconciliation, Nonaggression and Exchange and Cooperation between North and South (the Basic Accord) provided the basis for the establishment of a peace system on the Korean peninsula. South Korea`s position is that the Armistice Agreement should be replaced with a peace agreement between North and South Korea. North Korea, however, has reverted to pre-Basic Accord "fundamentalist" position, proposing a "New Peace Arrangement" in which it asserts that the Armistice Agreement must be replaced with a peace agreement through talks with the United States in the midst of the "nuclear problem." As early as October 1993 Song Won-ho, North Korea`s vice-minister of foreign affairs, gave a speech to the United Nations General Assembly, proposing this new peace arrangement, while referring to Resolution 339GB of the Thirtieth UN General Assembly in 1975. Resolution 339GB not only stated, "it is necessary to dissolve the ``United Nations Command``," but recommended that tile "real parties to the Armistice Agreement ... replace the Korean Armistice Agreement with a peace agreement." In 1994, moreover, North Korea implemented institutional measures in line with its new peace arrangement, announcing the unilateral withdrawal of the Korean People`s Army from the Military Armistice Commission, paralyzing the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission, and finally creating the "Korean People`s Army Mission at Panmunjom" independent of the commission. North Korea`s measures to make its new peace arrangement a fait accompli only added to South Korea`s sense of diplomatic isolation arising from its exclusion from the talks between the US and North Korea over the nuclear problem. The deadlock was temporarily broken when former US President Jimmy Carter paid a visit to Pyongyang, and Kim Il Sung promised to hold North-South summit talks in June 1994. South Korea`s attempt to contain the new peace arrangement, however, was negated by a very unexpected tum of events, Kim Il Sung`s sudden death on July 8 in the same year. Furthermore, Seoul was given another major shock by China, a party to the Armistice Agreement. When Song Ho-gyong was dispatched to Beijing as a special envoy of North Korea`s Foreign Ministry, China announced the withdrawal of its delegation to the Military Armistice Commission, apparently giving its tacit support for the new peace arrangement. As shown in a statement by Li Peng on Cheju Island, it remains to be seen if China unconditionally supports North Korea`s position. Coverage by Renmin Ribao and Jiefangjun Bao shows that Li Peng employed the term "new peace mechanism" and not the term "new peace arrangement" used by Song Ho-gyong during his visit to Beijing. Li Peng used the term "new peace mechanism" in a broad sense to mean a new system replacing the armistice system. Li Peng`s statement was received favorably and was referred to in South Korea as the "two-plus-two" formula (North and South Korea and the US and China). Such a new multilateral arrangement centering around North and South Korea can only be made possible if South Korea skillfully combines its diplomatic relations with the major powers with a positive and appropriate policy towards North Korea.