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Hideaki Soya,Hiroki Yanagisawa,Ippeita Dan 한국체육학회 2009 International journal of human movement science Vol.3 No.2
Recently a growing number of human studies have reported the beneficial influence of acute moderate exercise on cognitive functions. Neurocognitive investigations into such neural substrates have mainly been performed using electroencephalography. However, we recently introduced multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which is a noninvasive and nonrestrictive optical method to monitor cerebral hemodynamics reflecting regional neural activation. We found improved cognitive performance for Stroop interference elicited by an acute bout of moderate exercise that coincided with enhanced cortical activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In a previous study, we set the duration of the exercise at 10 min, but the extent to which we could shorten exercise duration remained uncertain. Thus, here we assessed the effects of various durations of acute exercise on neurocognitive performance during an incongruent Stroop task. We present the first experimental evidence that a minimum of 10 min of acute exercise with an intensity of 50% of the maximum oxygen intake is necessary in order to improve cognitive performance on a Stroop interference test. In combination with facilities enabling strict physiological control, fNIRS is a promising tool that will serve to cultivate a novel application in sports science namely, elucidating, in detail, the cognitive effects of physical exercise.
( Hideaki Soya ),( Masahiro Okamoto ),( Takashi Matsui ),( Min Chul Lee ),( Koshiro Inoue ),( Shimpei Nishikawa ),( Shingo Soya ),( Takahiko Fujikawa ),( Rakwal Randeep ),( Hyuk Ki Chang ),( Takeshi N 한국운동영양학회 2011 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.15 No.1
The brain is considered to be an organ which can be affected by conditioning or exercise, just like muscles. Exercise activates the brain and enhances several neuronal functions and may lead to several neuronal plastic changes. Neuronal c-Fos accumulation in any hypothalamic nuclei increased only with supra-LT exercise, revealing a LT-like activation pattern. In the brain stem, both supra-LT and below-LT exercise activated the VLM and NTS. In case of hippocampus, its activation was induced by under-LT exercise, which increased regional blood flow through neurovascular coupling. Thus, we found that regions of brain activation were determined differently based on exercise intensity. In the further, more research on exercise intensive is indispensable. In this paper, we reviewed: (1) Hippocampal plasticity through exercise (2) Brain region-specific differential activation patterns with exercise below and above the lactate threshold (3) Hippocampal neuronal activity induced by mild exercise below the lactate threshold: regional blood flow monitoring in the hippocampus (4) Acute mild exercise induces BDNF and short-term training causes AHN (5) Why below-LT exercise is sufficient for hippocampal plasticity (6) Hippocampal activation mechanism during exercise. In particular, based on our recent findings, our focus was directed upon exercise-induced brain activation and neurogenesis.
Effects of acute voluntary loaded wheel running on BDNF expression in the rat hippocampus
( Minchul Lee ),( Hideaki Soya ) 한국운동영양학회 2017 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.21 No.4
[Purpose] Voluntary loaded wheel running involves the use of a load during a voluntary running activity. A muscle-strength or power- type activity performed at a relatively high intensity and a short duration may cause fewer apparent metabolic adaptations but may still elicit muscle fiber hypertrophy. This study aimed to determine the effects of acute voluntary wheel running with an additional load on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the rat hippocampus. [Methods] Ten-week old male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to a (1) sedentary (Control) group; (2) voluntary exercise with no load (No-load) group; or (3) voluntary exercise with an additional load (Load) group for 1-week (acute period). The expression of BDNF genes was quantified by real-time PCR. [Results] The average distance levels were not significantly different in the No-load and Load groups. However, the average work levels significantly increased in the Load group. The relative soleus weights were greater in the No-load group. Furthermore, loaded wheel running up-regulated the BDNF mRNA level compared with that in the Control group. The BDNF mRNA levels showed a positive correlation with workload levels (r=0.75), suggesting that the availability of multiple workload levels contributes to the BDNF-related benefits of loaded wheel running noted in this study. [Conclusion] This novel approach yielded the first set of findings showing that acute voluntary loaded wheel running, which causes muscular adaptation, enhanced BDNF expression, suggesting a possible role of high-intensity short-term exercise in hippocampal BDNF activity.
( Kyeong Ho Byun ),( Kazuki Hyodo ),( Kazuya Suwabe ),( Sylwester Kujach ),( Morimasa Kato ),( Hideaki Soya ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.4
[Purpose] Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides functional imaging of cortical activations by measuring regional oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb) changes in the forehead during a cognitive task. There are, however, potential problems regarding NIRS signal contamination by non-cortical hemodynamic (NCH) variables such as skin blood flow, middle cerebral artery blood flow, and heart rate (HR), which are further complicated during acute exercise. It is thus necessary to determine the appropriate post-exercise timing that allows for valid NIRS assessment during a task without any increase in NCH variables. Here, we monitored post-exercise changes in NCH parameters with different intensities of exercise. [Methods] Fourteen healthy young participants cycled 30, 50 and 70% of their peak oxygen uptake (Vo2peak) for 10 min per intensity, each on different days. Changes in skin blood flow velocity (SBFv), middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCA Vmean) and HR were monitored before, during, and after the exercise. [Results] Post-exercise levels of both SBFv and HR in contrast to MCA Vmean remained high compared to basal levels and the times taken to return to baseline levels for both parameters were delayed (2-8 min after exercise), depending upon exercise intensity. [Conclusion] These results indicate that the delayed clearance of NCH variables of up to 8 min into the post-exercise phase may contaminate NIRS measurements, and could be a limitation of NIRS-based neuroimaging studies.
C-peptide level is controlled by exercise in childhood obesity
Min-Seong Ha,Won-Ki Cho,Jang Soo Yook,Soo-Min Ha,You-Sin Kim,Do-Yeon Kim,Hideaki Soya 한국운동재활학회 2019 한국운동재활학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.05
Childhood obesity has been considered as a disease since it causes problems in insulin regulation, inflammation induction and expression of adipocytokine secretion in childhood. As is well-known, exercise is an essential element in obesity treatment. Here we designed an exercise program to investigate how exercise affects childhood obesity. Non-obesity (n=17) and obesity (n=16) children, aged 11~12, performed the designed exercise program, 3 times per week for 16 weeks. We checked changes in health-related physical fitness of the subjects, as well as insulin-resistance (HOMA-IR) before and after the exercise programs. We also tested blood of the individual subjects, to know how C-peptide, resistin, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone (GH) levels are changed after the exercise program. We found that C-peptide level is 2-fold higher in the obesity group than the non-obesity group before the exercise program unlike other blood serum levels, then the C-peptide level of the obesity group drops down to a normal level similar to the non-obesity group after the 16-weeks exercise program. This evidence suggests that exercise may provide a decisive crucial physiological factor for childhood obesity by regulating body composition and C-peptide for inflammation.