Induction of Cell Death in Human Macrophages by a Highly Virulent Korean Isolate of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and the Virulent Strain H37Rv

Sohn, H.,Lee, K.-S.,Kim, S.-Y.,Shin, D.-M.,Shin, S.-J.,Jo, E.-K.,Park, J.-K.,Kim, H.-J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Scandinavian journal of immunology Vol.69 No.1

<P>Abstract</P><P>Recent studies have suggested that virulent strains of <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> induce apoptosis in macrophages less often than do attenuated strains. K-strain, which belongs to the Beijing family, is the most frequently isolated clinical strain of <I>M. tuberculosis</I> in Korea. In this study, we investigated the differential induction of cell death in human monocytic THP-1 cells by K-strain and H37Rv, a virulent but laboratory-adapted strain of <I>M. tuberculosis</I>. Although no significant difference in growth rate was observed between the cells exposed to K-strain and those exposed to H37Rv, the levels of protective cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-&agr;, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12p40 were lower in K-strain-infected cells than in H37Rv-infected cells. Cell viability assays showed that both K-strain and H37Rv, but not heat- or streptomycin-killed bacteria, induced THP-1 cell death in a TNF-independent manner. In contrast, double staining with fluorochrome-labelled inhibitors of caspase and propidium iodide and lactate dehydrogenase release assays revealed that K-strain induced significantly higher levels of necrotic cell death, rather than apoptosis, in THP-1 cells than did H37Rv. Anti-apoptotic <I>Bcl-2</I>, <I>Mcl-1</I>, <I>Bfl-1</I> and <I>Bcl-xL</I> in the cells were significantly upregulated following infection with K-strain compared with H37Rv, whereas <I>Bax</I> was slightly upregulated in response to infection with both H37Rv and K-strain. These results suggest that the highly virulent K-strain keeps cellular apoptosis as a host defense mechanism to a minimum and induces necrosis in macrophages.</P>

Prevalence of Haplorchis taichui among humans and fish in Luang Prabang Province, Lao PDR

Sohn, W.M.,Yong, T.S.,Eom, K.S.,Min, D.Y.,Lee, D.,Jung, B.K.,Banouvong, V.,Insisiengmay, B.,Phommasack, B.,Rim, H.J.,Chai, J.Y. Verlag für Recht und Gesellschaft ; Elsevier 2014 Acta tropica Vol.136 No.-

This study confirmed the prevalence of the intestinal fluke Haplorchis taichui (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) among people and fish in Luang Prabang Province, Lao PDR. Fecal specimens were collected from 559 riparian people (229 males and 330 females), residing in 4 Districts (Luang Prabang, Xieng Ngeun, Pak Ou, and Nam Bak) and were examined by the Kato-Katz fecal smear technique. The overall helminth egg positive rate was 64.9%. The positive rate for small trematode eggs (STE), which may include H. taichui and other heterophyids, Opisthorchis viverrini, and lecithodendriids, was 15.2%. For recovery of adult helminths, 10 STE-positive people were treated with 40mg/kg praziquantel and 15mg/kg pyrantel pamoate, and then purged. Mixed infections with 3 Haplorchis species (H. taichui, H. pumilio, and H. yokogawai), a species of cestode (Taenia saginata), and several species of nematodes including Enterobius vermicularis and hookworms were found. The worm load for trematodes was exclusively high for H. taichui with an average of 7691 specimens per infected person, followed by H. yokogawai (8.3 specimens) and H. pumilio (4.1 specimens). Out of 207 freshwater fish (17 species) purchased in a market in Luang Prabang District, 138 (67%) harboured H. taichui metacercariae (metacercarial burden per fish; 520). Lower prevalence of fish and lower metacercarial density were observed for H. yokogawai (52% and 50 per fish, respectively) and H. pumilio (18% and 3 per fish, respectively). STE found in the surveyed population of Luang Prabang Province were verified to be those of intestinal fukes, particularly H. taichui.

Display of membrane proteins on the heterologous caveolae carved by caveolin-1 in the Escherichia coli cytoplasm

Shin, J.,Jung, Y.H.,Cho, D.H.,Park, M.,Lee, K.E.,Yang, Y.,Jeong, C.,Sung, B.H.,Sohn, J.H.,Park, J.B.,Kweon, D.H. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2015 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.79 No.-

Caveolae are membrane-budding structures that exist in many vertebrate cells. One of the important functions of caveolae is to form membrane curvature and endocytic vesicles. Recently, it was shown that caveolae-like structures were formed in Escherichia coli through the expression of caveolin-1. This interesting structure seems to be versatile for a variety of biotechnological applications. Targeting of heterologous proteins in the caveolae-like structure should be the first question to be addressed for this purpose. Here we show that membrane proteins co-expressed with caveolin-1 are embedded into the heterologous caveolae (h-caveolae), the cavaolae-like structures formed inside the cell. Two transmembrane SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins, Syntaxin 1a and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), were displayed on the h-caveolae surface. The size of the h-caveolae harboring the transmembrane proteins was ~100nm in diameter. The proteins were functional and faced outward on the h-caveolae. Multi-spanning transmembrane proteins FtsH and FeoB could be included in the h-caveolae, too. Furthermore, the recombinant E. coli cells were shown to endocytose substrate supplemented in the medium. These results provide a basis for exploiting the h-caveolae formed inside E. coli cells for future biotechnological applications.

조선업 용접공진폐증에서 용접 흄 폭로력에 따른 방사선소견과 폐기능검사소견의 비교연구

손혜숙,김성준,김정호,이채언,정귀원,조규일,전진호,배기택 大韓産業醫學會 1991 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.3 No.2

By the state of exposure to welding fume, the radiographic findings of 31 shipyard welders diagnosed as pneumoconiosis and pulmonary function were evaluated. Subjects were divided into three groups by the state of exposure to welding fumes i.e. Group Ⅰ- complete job replacement after detection of pneumoconiosis. Group Ⅱ- incomplete job replacement. Group Ⅲ- no job replacement. The results were as follows ; 1. Radiographic findings had a difference among three groups- GroupⅠ(complete job replacement). Group Ⅱ (incomplete job replacement). Group Ⅲ (no job replacement)(P<0.05), but pulmonary function had no difference. 2. Pulmonary function was not significantly different in diagnostic radiographic findings-normal, suspected pnemoconiosis, simple pnemoconiosis. 3. VC and FVC decreased with increasing age and total exposure duration to welding fumes. And FEV₁decreased with increasing exposure duration. 4. In welders exposed to welding fumes over 20 years, all performed pulmonary functions (VC, FVC, FEV, MMF, FEF75%) recorded by observed/predicted ratio were less than 80%. Based on the above results, the radiographic abnormal findings improved if job replaces but pulmonary function was not significantly different among three groups- GroupⅠ, Group Ⅱ, Group Ⅲ. So it is thought that job replacement and continuous observation on radiographic findings and pulmonary function is useful for control of pneumoconiosis of shipyard welders.

사과의 감압저장법의 개발

손태화,윤형식,홍순영,서정훈,김광수,박용태,이갑랑,권태종 慶北大學校 生産技術硏究所 1970 生産技術 Vol.4 No.-

Rolls, Janathan, and American Summer Pearmain were used in this experiment. This experiment was conducted under 0˚ and 20℃ at subatmospheric pressure, respectively. we found to examine physiological changes of apple under storage and the rate of respiration of apple in order to decide the time of harvesting. The summary results were as follows. A. Physiological Changes of Apples Stored Under Reduced Atmospheric Pressure. 1. Rate of Respiration (1) Lower rates of respiration were observed under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure other storage conditions being equal. (2) American Summer Pearmain apples showed the biggest rate of respiration, followed by Jonathan apples. Rolls apples showed the smallest rate of respiration among three varieties. (3) The rate of respiration of apples stored under reduced atmospheric pressure changed less remarkably than that of apples stored under normal atmospheric pressure when these apples were taken out of the storage rooms, and their surrounding temperature and atmospheric pressure were changed. (4) change of the rate of respiration was more marked in an O^2-chamber than in an air-chamber. A serious physiological breakdown was observed in a N_2-chamber and in a CO_2-chamber. 2. Production of Ethylene (1) The action of ethylene as a ripening hormone for apples was supressed by reducing the atmospheric pressure of the storage chamber. (2) The order of amount of ethylene production was American summer Pearmain, Jonathan, and Rolls. The ethylene production was larger under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure without respect to the variety of apples. (3) Ethylene production of apples was reduced by lowering the temperature of the storage chamber (4) The rate of ethylene formation increased markedly when apples were stored in a cold chamber and than the temperature and atmospheric pressure were changed. This phenomenon, however, was less marked for the apples stored in the reduced atmospheric pressure chamber than for those in the normal atmospheric pressure chamber. (5) The ethylene production in the O_2-storage chamber was about 80 times as large as that in air-storage chamber at 20℃. The rate of ethylene production reached a maximum in 12 days in the O_2-chamber, but the ethylene production increased continuously in the air-chamber. In the N_2-chamber and the CO_2-chamber ethylene production was small. Generally the ethylene concentration in the atmosphere of the storage chamber was smaller under reduced atmospheric pressure than under normal atmospheric pressure. 3. Acidity Acidity was lowered from 0.68% to 0.36%, 0.50%, or 0.56% when Jonathans were stored in an uncontrolled atmospheric chamber, a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure chamber, and a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively. 4. Change of Weight Decrease in weight under the same conditions as the above 3, was 6.2%, 3.6% and 2.8% when stored in an uncontrolled chamber, in a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure, chamber, and in a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively. 5. Decaying Decaying ratio showed also the same order as 4, and was 18.5%, 7.4%, and 3.6% in an uncontrolled chamber, in a cold and uncontrolled atmospheric pressure chamber, and in a cold and reduced atmospheric pressure chamber respectively. 6. Enzyme Activity (1) Catecholase activity of apples decreased with storage duration. (2) The order of catecholase activity was Rolls, American summer Pearmain and Jonathan. (3) Catecholase activity was higher in apples stored under reduced atmospheric pressure than in those stored under normal atmospheric pressure regardless of the variety. B. Preliminary Investigations for Practical Uses 1. It is possible to calculate the concentration of carbon dioxide in a storage chamber atmosphers since the rate of carbon dioxide production was almost constant according to the storage conditions. Therefore the storage chamber was successfully maintained at 5% carbon dioxide by controlling ventilation. 2. With a simple automatic controller, the storage chamber atmosphere was maintained at an appropriate reduced pressure. 3. Poly ethylene film, which is most permeable for gases among several common plastic films, was found to be adoptable as an apple wrapper for reduced atmospheric pressure storage. C. Investigation of the Time of Harvest Observations of the rate of respiration of apple during growing made in possible to predict the optimal time of harvest. The optimal times of harvest are around September 23 and October 26 for Jonathan and Rolls apples respectively.

K-EMS 계통해석 어플리케이션을 위한 공통 데이터 모델 구축

윤상윤(S.-Y. Yun),조윤성(Y-S. Cho),이욱화(U.-H. Lee),손진만(J.-M. Sohn),남영우(Y.-W. Nam),이진(J. Lee),김홍래(H.-R. Kim),김병호(B.-H. Kim),김선구(S.-G. Kim),허성일(S.-I. Hur),이효상(H.-S. Lee),신만철(M.-C. Shin),민경일(K.-I. Min),최영진(Y.-J 대한전기학회 2008 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.7(초록집)

칡소의 염색체 양상과 핵형 분석

손시환,고영두,김두환,박구부,이정규,이철영,신철교,정희식,곽석준,박명구,천민성,백철승 한국축산학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.1

The Korean Native Stripped Cattle known as Chickso have distinctive black hair belts all over the body to varying extents on a Hanwoo(Korean Cattle)-like yellowish brown background. These Battle are remaining only in a limited area of this country and are known to yield a flavorful meat somewhat distinct from that of Hanwoo, but their genetic lineage has not been identified. We have carried out karyotyping of these cattle firm the lymphocyte culture. Blood samples were collected from 20 of male and female cattle that had been bred at Poongjeon Farm located in Kosong, Kyongnam, and were subjected to chromosomal morphology and G- and C-banding analysis. Chickso, like Hanwoo, had 58 autosomes and X and Y sex chromosomes which were morphologically very similar to those of the latter. All the 58 autosomes revealed almost a zero value of centromeric index, suggesting that they are acrocentric; sex chromosomes X and Y were submetacentric and metacentric, respectively. Following G-banding, the light bands appeared near the centromeric site in all the autosomes whereas the specific dark bands were consistently visible in each homologous chromosome. Overall, the G-banding pattern was nearly identical between the Chickso and Hanwoo. C-bands representing the heterochromatin were present at or near the centromere in all the autosomes, whereas in sex chromosomes, they were found distributed on variable sites. The proportion of constitutive heterochromatin ranged 20∼30%. These patterns were not significantly different between the two subspecies. All of these cytogenetic results suggest that the distinctive traits of Chickso did not arise from a cytogenetic variation from Hanwoo, i. e. the former is simply a subpopulation of the latter. As such, we propose that selection and propagation of the Chickso based on economic traits may be advantageous to the domestic beef industry.

라이신 : DE 비율이 육성된의 성장과 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향

손광수,김지훈,한인규,정현정 한국축산학회 1999 한국축산학회지 Vol.41 No.4

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of energy:amino acid ratio on growth performance and nutrients digestibilities in growing pigs. A total of 180 growing pigs with an average body weight 15.96 ㎏ were randomly allotted into six dietary treatments in a two × three factorial arrangement (two levels of DE; 3,450 (L) and 3,500 (H) kcal DE/㎏ and three energy:amino acid ratios of 2.9 (L), 3.2 (M), 3.5 (H) ㎎ of lysine/㎉ of DE) to determine the optimum ratio of energy:amino acid ratio. For the determination of ileal digestibility, 24 pigs were subjected to a cannulation surgery and involved in a metabolic trial. ADG was not different among dietary groups except between LL and HH group. No significant difference was found between two energy levels, while high Lys:DE resulted in a significant improvement in ADG. Feed intake was not affected by Lys:DE. Digestibility of proximate nutrients generally were not influenced by dietary treatments. Howver, pigs fed HH diets showed significantly higher CP, CF and GE digestibility compared to pigs fed other diets (P$lt; 0.05). Between energy levels, pigs fed high enrgy showed higher digestibility of CP, CF and GE. Among Lys:DE ratios, only CF digestibility responded to increased Lys:DE ratio. The essential amino acids digestibility did not respond to the increase in lysine level in low energy group, while in high energy group average essential amino acids digestibility was increased as the lysine level increased. Pigs fed HH diets showed sinificantly higher lysine and average essential amino acids digestibility. In regard to non-essential amino acid digestibility, generally pigs fed HH diets showed higher value than pigs fed other diets. Between energy levels, digestibility of amino acids did not respond to the increase in energy content except TYR and GLU. However, pigs fed high Lys:DE diet showed higher digestibility in most amino acids except GLU and PRO. Total amino acids digestibility was higher in pigs fed high Lys:DE diet and this result was not consistent to the result of CP digestibility. Based on the result of this study, the optimum Lys:DE ratio was appeared to be higher 3.5 ㎎ lysine/㎉ DE, which is in close agreement with many recent reports.

Development of a Five-cell SRF Prototype Cavity for the PEFP

H. S. Kim,H. J. Kwon,K. T. Seol,조용섭,Y. U. Sohn 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.22

A five-cell elliptical superconducting cavity with a beta of 0.42 has been designed, fabricated and tested as a part of a preliminary study on the Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP) linac extension program. One of the design features of the PEFP SRF cavity is a low geometric beta, and this results in a double-ring stiffening structure. The cavity is made of high-purity niobium sheets through various steps, such as deep-drawing, machining, chemical cleaning and electron beam welding. The fabricated cavity was tuned to have a flat field profile. The inner surface of the cavity was treated by chemical etching and high pressure rinsing before a vertical test at 4.2 K. The details of the prototype cavity’s preparation and test results will be given in this paper.

Design and Manufacturing of a Conduction-Cooled Sample Holder for a Superconducting Property Measurement System

Sohn, M. H.,Sim, K.,Kim, H. J.,Eom, B. Y.,Jeong, Y. W.,Baik, S. K.,Seong, K. C. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2015 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.25 No.3

<P>We had developed four years ago a superconducting property measurement system (SPMS) that can be used to acquire electrical and thermal properties of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape samples. The SPMS was composed of the sample holder for mounting an HTS tape and 3 T HTS magnet, both cooled individually by conduction using a cryocooler. The maximum dimension of the HTS tape sample that could be loaded on the sample holder was 15 mm in width and 250 mm in length. The conduction-cooled sample holder was again fabricated to increase the maximum test current up to 800 A. Maximum transport current was 763 A in magnetic field intensity 3 T. The measuring temperature range was 15-50 K.</P>