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Altered Esophageal Smooth Muscle Phenotype in Achalasia
( David M Rodrigues ),( Sandra R Lourenssen ),( Jay Kataria ),( William G Paterson ),( Michael G Blennerhassett ),( Robert Bechara ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2024 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.30 No.2
Background/Aims Achalasia is a disorder characterized by impairment in lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and esophageal aperistalsis, caused primarily by loss of inhibitory innervation. However, little is known about associated changes in esophageal smooth muscle. We examined the contractile phenotype and innervation of the circular smooth muscle, as well as inflammatory status, and correlated these with patient-specific parameters. Methods Circular smooth muscle biopsies were obtained in consecutive patients with achalasia undergoing peroral endoscopic myotomy. Axonal innervation and neurotransmitter subtypes were determined with immunocytochemistry, and this was used with quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) to characterize smooth muscle proliferation and cellular phenotype, as well as collagen expression. These were compared to control tissue obtained at esophagectomy and correlated with patient demographic factors including age, onset of symptoms, and Eckhardt score. Results Biopsies of smooth muscle were obtained from 25 patients with achalasia. Overall, there was increased mast cell number and collagen deposition but increased smooth muscle cell proliferation vs control. There was a striking drop in axon density over controls, with no differences among subtypes of achalasia. Immunocytochemical analysis showed increased expression of the contractile marker α-smooth muscle actin, principally in Type 1 achalasia, that increased with disease duration, while qPCR identified increased mRNA for smoothelin with decreased myosin heavy chain and collagen 3a1, but not collagen 1a1. Conclusions The thickened circular smooth muscle layer in achalasia is largely denervated, with an altered contractile phenotype and fibrosis. Biopsies obtained during peroral endoscopic myotomy provide a means to further study the pathophysiology of achalasia. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024;30:166-176)
Comparative Evaluation on Effective Number of Active Suspension Actuators for Tracked Vehicle
David. O. Afamefuna,Rodrigue Tchamna,Iljoong Youn 한국자동차공학회 2010 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2010 No.11
The effective number of actuators required to control a tracked vehicle active suspension system based on a half vehicle model is studied. A two dimensional and two degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) linearized tracked vehicle model and several representations of road surface conditions, including haversine (bump/hole) and random road profile (RMS 2_09㎝) models are used in the simulation and analysis. The main goal of this research is to discover how to optimize the energy and cost required for effective control of tracked vehicle suspension systems, while maintaining closely approximated dynamic performance. The suspension systems are optimized with respect to ride comfort preference and suspension rattle space as expressed by the mean-squarevalues of body accelerations and suspension deflections. The dynamic performance and power demand of the active suspension system for a tracked vehicle with respect to six and two control actuators are evaluated and compared with each other and with that of a passive system using numerical simulation in time and frequency domain respectively. The results show that the dynamic performance for the active suspension system with two control actuators nearly follows that with six control actuators, while conserving a power demand of about one fifth that of the total power demand from the six control actuators. The strategy proposed here is taking full advantage of the fact that the systems in question, have only a two degree-of-freedom which means two controllers instead of six controllers is sufficient to obtain adequate system control. Frequency response curves to two types of road inputs, such as heaving and pitching, confirms the time domain response and also demonstrates the effectiveness of the two controllers’ suspension system on ride comfort. In addition, the effects of the six and two variable dampers on a semi active suspension system are also examined in this research.
( Maria Elisa Rodrigues ),( Ana Rita Costa ),( Pedro Fernandes ),( Mariana Henriques ),( Philip Cunnah ),( David W Melton ),( Joana Azeredo ),( Rosario Oliveira ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.9
The emergence of microcarrier technology has brought a renewed interest in anchoragedependent cell culture for high-yield processes. Well-known in vaccine production, microcarrier culture also has potential for application in other fields. In this work, two types of microcarriers were evaluated for small-scale monoclonal antibody (mAb) production by CHOK1 cells. Cultures (5 ml) of microporous Cytodex 3 and macroporous CultiSpher-S carriers were performed in vented conical tubes and subsequently scaled-up (20 ml) to shake-flasks, testing combinations of different culture conditions (cell concentration, microcarrier concentration, rocking methodology, rocking speed, and initial culture volume). Culture performance was evaluated by considering the mAb production and cell growth at the phases of initial adhesion and proliferation. The best culture performances were obtained with Cytodex 3, regarding cell proliferation (average 1.85 ± 0.11 × 106 cells/ml against 0.60 ± 0.08 × 106 cells/ ml for CultiSpher-S), mAb production (2.04 ± 0.41 μg/ml against 0.99 ± 0.35 μg/ml for CultiSpher-S), and culture longevity (30 days against 10-15 days for CultiSpher-S), probably due to the collagen-coated dextran matrix that potentiates adhesion and prevents detachment. The culture conditions of greater influence were rocking mechanism (Cytodex 3, pulse followed by continuous) and initial cell concentration (CultiSpher-S, 4 × 105 cells/ml). Microcarriers proved to be a viable and favorable alternative to standard adherent and suspended cultures for mAb production by CHO-K1 cells, with simple operation, easy scaleup, and significantly higher levels of mAb production. However, variations of microcarrier culture performance in different vessels reiterate the need for optimization at each step of the scale-up process.
WeTrace: a Privacy-preserving Tracing Approach
Muriel Franco,Bruno Rodrigues,Christian Killer,Eder John Scheid,Alessandro De Carli,Andreas Gassmann,David Schönbächler,Burkhard Stiller 한국통신학회 2021 Journal of communications and networks Vol.23 No.5
For the protection of people and society against harmand health threats—especially in case of the COVID-19 pandemic— a variety of different disciplines needs to be involved. The datacollection of basic and health-related data of individuals in today’shighly mobile society does help to plan, protect, and identify nextsteps health authorities and governments can, shall, or need to planfor or even implement. Thus, every individual, human, and inhabitantof the world is the key player—very different from many pastcrises’. And since all individuals are involved his/her (a) health and(b) privacy shall be considered in a very carefully crafted balance,not overruling one aspect with another one. Privacy remains key. The solution of the current pandemic’s data collection can bebased on a fully privacy-preserving application, which can be usedby individuals on their mobile devices, such as smartphones, whilemaintaining at the same time their privacy. Additionally, respectivedata collected in such a fully distributed setting does help to confinethe pandemic and can be achieved in a democratic and very open,but still and especially privacy-protecting manner. Therefore, the WeTrace approach and application designed utilizesthe Bluetooth low energy (BLE) communication channel,many modern mobile devices offer, where public-key cryptographyis being applied to allow for deciphering of messages for that destinationit had been intended for. Since literally every other potentialparticipant only listens to random data, even a brute force attackwill not succeed. WeTrace and its Open Source implementation ensurethat any receiver of a message knows that this is for him/her,without being able to identify the original sender.
First molecular detection of canine herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1) in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon
Castro, Marcela dos Santos,David, Maridelzira Betania Moraes,Goncalves, Evonnildo Costa,Siqueira, Andrei Santos,Virgulino, Rodrigo Rodrigues,Aguiar, Delia Cristina Figueira The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2022 JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCE Vol.23 No.1
Background: Canine herpesvirus type 1 (CaHV-1) infects dogs and is associated with neonatal deaths and reproductive, ocular, neurological, and respiratory problems. In Brazil, reports of CaHV-1 have been restricted to the southeast and south regions, particularly in municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Objectives: To assess the presence and variability of CaHV-1 in canine populations in the state of Pará, North Brazil. Methods: Biological samples from 159 dogs from 4 municipalities in the State of Pará were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analyses, with the target being the viral enzyme, thymidine kinase. Results: CaHV-1 was detected in 13 dogs (8.2%), with 2 animals being from the municipality of Santa Bárbara do Pará, 8 from Algodoal Island, 2 from Salinópolis, and one from Capanema. The study sequences revealed 100% identity among themselves and 64% to 100% identity with the other nucleotide sequences from Australia, Brazil, United Kingdom, and United States, including 100% identity with the 2002 isolate from Australia. The 1996 isolate from France was grouped in a branch that was different from the sequence of this study. Conclusions: This study presents the first molecular detection of CaHV-1 in dogs from the Amazon region in northern Brazil. The nucleotide identity between the strains and cytosine insertion in the sequences isolated in this study suggests at least 2 strains of CaHV-1 circulating in Brazil (Pará and BTU-1).
First molecular detection of canine herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1) in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon
Marcela dos Santos Castro,Maridelzira Betania Moraes David,Evonnildo Costa Gonçalves,Andrei Santos Siqueira,Rodrigo Rodrigues Virgulino,Delia Cristina Figueira Aguiar 대한수의학회 2022 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.23 No.2
Background: Canine herpesvirus type 1 (CaHV-1) infects dogs and is associated with neonatal deaths and reproductive, ocular, neurological, and respiratory problems. In Brazil, reports of CaHV-1 have been restricted to the southeast and south regions, particularly in municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Objectives: To assess the presence and variability of CaHV-1 in canine populations in the state of Pará, North Brazil. Methods: Biological samples from 159 dogs from 4 municipalities in the State of Pará were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analyses, with the target being the viral enzyme, thymidine kinase. Results: CaHV-1 was detected in 13 dogs (8.2%), with 2 animals being from the municipality of Santa Bárbara do Pará, 8 from Algodoal Island, 2 from Salinópolis, and one from Capanema. The study sequences revealed 100% identity among themselves and 64% to 100% identity with the other nucleotide sequences from Australia, Brazil, United Kingdom, and United States, including 100% identity with the 2002 isolate from Australia. The 1996 isolate from France was grouped in a branch that was different from the sequence of this study. Conclusions: This study presents the first molecular detection of CaHV-1 in dogs from the Amazon region in northern Brazil. The nucleotide identity between the strains and cytosine insertion in the sequences isolated in this study suggests at least 2 strains of CaHV-1 circulating in Brazil (Pará and BTU-1).