Effect of Iron-nanoparticles and Iron-microparticles on Erythropoiesis and Iron-storage in Iron-deficiency Anemic Mice

Jong-Soo Kim, Young Mi Kim, Ki-ho Lee, Dang-Young Kim, Bong Su Kang, Ja Seon Yoon, Yoon-Bok Lee, Jae-Hwang Jeong, Sang Yoon Nam, Young Won Yun, Beom Jun Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.2

Iron is an essential trace element for normal functions of the body. Restriction of iron availability directly limits erythropoiesis. The objective of this experiment was to compare the bioavailability of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) with iron-microparticles (Fe-MPs) in anemic mice. There were four experimental groups, including the normal control group, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) group, Fe-NPs group, and Fe-MPs group. Animals in the normal group fed on an adequate iron-containing diet (45 ppm Fe). Meanwhile, animals in the other three groups fed on a low Fe diet (4.5 ppm Fe) for seven weeks. Double deionized water was supplied as drinking water ad libitum. After feeding for three weeks with the low Fe diet, animals in the Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups received oral administration of Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs at a daily dose of 40 mg/kg for four weeks. The IDA group showed markedly decreased red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) values compared with the normal group throughout the experimental periods. Treatments with Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs for four weeks resulted in restoration of the decreased RBC count and hematological values similar to normal values. The Fe-NPs group showed faster restoration in values than Fe-MPs with passage of time. The iron contents of the upper small intestine in the Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups were higher than in the normal group at weeks 2 and 4. Treatment with Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs resulted in a significant increase in hepatic iron contents and lipid peroxidation, compared with the IDA group with passage of time. The iron contents in liver and ferritin deposits in spleen were identified in the Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups, similar to the normal group. These results indicate that oral administration of both Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs can result in recovery from anemia and Fe-NPs is more absorbable and available in the body than Fe-MPs.

Identification of a Marker Protein for Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Lee, Young-Suk,Kim, Na-Ri,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Joo, Hyun,Kim, Young-Nam,Jeong, Dae-Hoon,Cuong, Dang Van,Kim, Eui-Yong,Hur, Dae-Young,Park, Young-Shik,Hong, Yong-Geun,Lee, Sang-Kyung,Chung, Joon-Yong,Seog, Dae The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.4

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of cardiac marker protein in rabbit cardiac tissue that was exposed to ischemic preconditioning (IPC), or ischemiareperfusion injury (IR) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). We compared 2DE gels of control (uninjured) cardiac tissue with those of IPC and IR cardiac tissue. Expression of one protein was detected in IR heart tissue, however the protein was not detected in the samples of control and IPC tissue. To further characterize the detected protein molecule, the protein in the 2D gel was isolated and subjected to trypsin digestion, followed by MALDI-MS. The protein was identified as myoglobin, which was confirmed also by Western blot analysis. These results are consistent with previous studies of cardiac markers in ischemic hearts, indicating myoglobin as a suitable marker of myocardial injury. In addition, the present use of multiple techniques indicates that proteomic analysis is an appropriate means to identify cardiac markers in studies of IPC and IR.

Bioavailability of Iron-nanoparticles with Ascorbic Acid in Anemic Mice

Jong-Soo Kim, Dang-Young Kim, Boram Lee, Bong Su Kang, Ja Seon Yoon, Jae-Hwang Jeong, Eun-young Kim, Sang Yoon Nam, Young Won Yun, Beom Jun Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.1

Iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) have recently been used for cancer diagnosis and therapy for imaging contrast and drug delivery. However, no study on nutritional bioavailability of Fe-NPs in the body has been reported. Ascorbic acid (AA) is known to aid in absorption of iron in the stomach by reducing Fe (III) to Fe (II). In this study, we investigated the bioavailability of Fe-NPs with AA in iron-deficiency-anemic mice in comparison with non-nano iron particles. Iron-deficient anemia was induced by feeding an iron-deficient diet (4.5 mg Fe/kg) and ocular bleeding from retro-orbital venous plexus for four weeks. Normal control mice were given a normal diet (45 mg Fe/kg). After induction of anemia in mice, anemic mice received daily oral administration of Fe (40 mg/kg B.W.) + AA (5 g/kg B.W) and Fe-NPs (40 mg/kg B.W) + AA (5 g/kg B.W). After sacrifice, liver and spleen tissues were observed by haematoxylin & eosin stain. Amount of trace iron in liver and upper small intestine was investigated using an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. Red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and total iron binding capacity were also measured. The concentrations of iron in the Fe-NPs + AA group were significantly higher in liver and in upper small intestine than that in the Fe + AA group. The values of RBC, Hct, and Hb in the Fe-NPs + AA group were more rapidly increased to normal values compared with the Fe + AA group with increasing time. These results suggest that Fe-NPs in the presence of AA may be more bioavailable than non-nano Fe in Fe-deficient anemic mice.

Effects of Herbal Extracts on Hair Growth Promotion in Experimental Animal Model

Jong-Soo Kim, Bong Su Kang, Ja Seon Yoon, Dang-Young Kim, Jae-Hwang Jeong, Eun-young Kim, Sang Yoon Nam, Young Won Yun, Beom Jun Lee 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2011 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.12 No.2

The current study was conducted in order to investigate promotional effects of herbal extracts on hair growth in an animal model of mice. There were four experimental groups, including distilled water (DW) as a negative control (NC), 3% minoxidil (MXD) as a positive control (PC), 50% ethanol (EtOH) as a vehicle control (VC), and herbal extract (HE) as the experimental treatment (E). The HE was extracted with ethanol from plants, including Gardenia, Mentha arvensis, Rosemary, and Lavender. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were shaved with an electric clipper and the test materials were topically treated with 0.2 ml per mouse daily for three weeks. Photographic evaluation of hair re-growth was performed weekly during a period of three weeks. The number of mast cells was counted on the dorsal skin section of mice. The enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), were determined using a biochemical autoanalyzer. No clinical signs were observed in any of the experimental groups. As a result of photometric analysis, topical application of HE to dorsal skin for two weeks resulted in significantly faster acceleration of hair regrowth, compared with that of the NC or VC group (P<0.05). The PC and E groups showed a significant decrease in mast cell population, compared to the NC group. Activities of ALP and γ-GT were significantly increased in the PC and E groups, compared to the NC or VC group (P<0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that the herbal extract may have hair-growth promoting activity equal to that of MXD.

Enhancement of negative hydrogen ion production at low pressure by controlling the electron kinetics property with transverse magnetic field

Kim, June Young,Cho, Won-Hwi,Dang, Jeong-Jeung,Kim, Seongcheol,Chung, Kyoung-Jae,Hwang, Y S IOP 2016 Plasma sources science & technology Vol.25 No.6

<P>In a volume production H<SUP>−</SUP> ion source, independent control of electron energy distribution between the driver region and the extraction region is crucial for the efficient production of H<SUP>−</SUP> ions due to its unique volume production mechanism. However, at the low pressure regime compatible to ITER operation, it is difficult to control electron energy distribution separately because the nonlocal property dominates the electron kinetics. In this work, we suggest a new method to control the locality of electron kinetics. In this method, an additional pair of permanent magnets is introduced in the vicinity of the skin layer, differently from the conventional method in which the magnetic filter field was strengthened in the extraction region. This magnetic field shortens the energy relaxation length and changes the electron kinetics from nonlocal to local even for low pressure discharges. In this paper, we show that the locality of electron kinetics can be effectively controlled by the additional magnetic field near the skin layer by measuring the electron temperature profile along the center of the discharge chamber as well as by comparing electron energy probability function shapes for different strengths of magnetic field. Using this new method, we demonstrate that control of locality of electron kinetics can greatly enhance the production of H<SUP>−</SUP> ions in the extraction region by measuring H<SUP>−</SUP> ion beam current extracted from the plasma source.</P>

Detection of Mitochondrial ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels in Rat Cardiomyocytes

Dang Van Cuong,Nari Kim,Euiyong Kim,Youngsuk Lee,Hyunju Kim,Sunghyun Kang,Dae Young Hur,Hyun Joo,Young Shik Park,Yong Geun Hong,Sangkyung Lee,Joonyong Chung,Daehyun Seog,Jin Han 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2004 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.8 No.4

Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoK<SUB>ATP</SUB>) channels play a role in early and late ischemic preconditioning. Nevertheless, the subunit composition of mitoK<SUB>ATP</SUB> channels remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the subunit composition of mitoK<SUB>ATP</SUB> channels in mitochondria isolated from rat cardiac<FONT COLOR=RED><SPAN STYLE= font-size:11pt; > </SPAN>myocytes. Mitochondria were visualized using the red fluorescence probe, Mitrotracker Red, while mitoK<SUB>ATP</SUB> channels were visualized using the green fluorescence probe, glibenclamide-BODIPY. The immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed the presence of Kir6.1, Kir6.2 and SUR2 present in the cardiac mitochondria. Western blot analysis was carried to further investigate the nature of mitoK<SUB>ATP</SUB> channels. For SUR proteins, a 140-kDa immunoreactive band that corresponded to SUR2, but no SUR1 was detected. For Kir6.2, three bands (∼44, ∼46, and ∼30 kDa) were detected, and a specific ∼46-kDa immunoreactive band corresponding to Kir6.1 was also observed. These observations suggest that the subunits of mitoK<SUB>ATP</SUB> channels in rat myocytes include Kir6.1, Kir6.2, and a<FONT COLOR=RED><SPAN STYLE= font-size:11pt; > </SPAN>SUR2-related sulfonylurea-binding protein.

Flexible Hilbert-Curve Loop Antenna Having a Triple-Band and Omnidirectional Pattern for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

Kim, Dang-Oh,Kim, Che-Young,Yang, Dae-Geun Hindawi Limited 2012 International journal of antennas and propagation Vol.2012 No.-

<P>A triple-band flexible loop antenna is proposed for WLAN/WiMAX applications in this paper. The proposed antenna is formed by the third-order Hilbert-curve and bending type structure which provides flexible characteristics. Even though the radius of the curvature for bending antennas is changed, a triple-band feature still remains in the proposed antenna. Moreover, the antenna exhibits the characteristics of omnidirectional radiation pattern and circular polarization. To verify the receiving performance of antenna, a simulation on the antenna factor was conducted by an EM simulator. Based on these results, the suggested antenna makes a noteworthy performance over typical loop antennas.</P>

Modulation by Melatonin of the Cardiotoxic and Antitumor Activities of Adriamycin

Kim, Chunghui,Kim, Nari,Joo, Hyun,Youm, Jae Boum,Park, Won Sun,Cuong, Dang Van,Park, Young Shik,Kim, Euiyong,Min, Churl-Ki,Han, Jin Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2005 Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology Vol.46 No.2

In this study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity both in vivo in rats and in vitro, and on the antitumor activities of adriamycin on MDA-231 and NCI breast cancer cells. Rats that received a single intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg adriamycin showed a mortality rate of 86%, which was reduced to 20% by melatonin treatment (10 mg/kg, SC for 6 days). Melatonin attenuated adriamycin-induced body-weight loss, hemodynamic dysfunction, and the morphologic and biochemical alterations caused by adriamycin. Melatonin also reduced adriamycin-induced nuclear DNA fragmentation, as assessed by the comet assay. In addition, the antitumor activity of adriamycin could be maintained using lower doses of this drug in combination with melatonin. Melatonin treatment in the concentration range of 0.1-2.5 mM inhibited the growth of human breast cancer cells. In terms of oncolytic activity, the combination of adriamycin and melatonin improved the antitumor activity of adriamycin, as indicated by an increase in the number of long-term survivors as well as decreases in body-weight losses resulting from adriamycin treatment. These results indicate that melatonin not only protects against adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity but also enhances its antitumor activity. This combination of melatonin and adriamycin represents a potentially useful regimen for the treatment of human neoplasms because it allows the use of lower doses of adriamycin, thereby avoiding the toxic side effects associated with this drug.

Effect of Iron-nanoparticles and Iron-microparticles on Erythropoiesis and Iron-storage in Iron-deficiency Anemic Mice

YOUNG-MI KIM,Ki-ho Lee,Dang Young Kim,Bong Su Kang,Ja Seon Yoon,Yoon-Bok Lee,정재황,남상윤,윤영원,김종수,이범준 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.2

Iron is an essential trace element for normal body’s functions. The restriction of iron availability directly limits erythropoiesis. The objective of this experiment was to compare the bioavailability of iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) with iron-microparticles (Fe-MPs) in anemic mice. There were four experimental groups including normal control group, iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) group, Fe-NPs group, and Fe-MPs group. Animals in normal group fed on an adequate iron-containing diet (45 ppm Fe). Meanwhile, the animals in the other three groups fed on a low Fe diet (4.5 ppm Fe) for 7 weeks. Double deionized water was supplied as drinking water ad libitum. After feeding for 3 weeks with the low Fe diet, the animals in Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups were orally treated with Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs at the daily dose of 40 mg/kg for 4 weeks. IDA group showed a markedly decreased red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin (Hb) values compared with normal group throughout experimental periods. Treatments of Fe-NPs or Fe-MPs for 4 weeks restored the decreased RBC count and hematological values similar to normal values. Fe-NPs group showed the faster restoration in the values than Fe-MPs as time passes. The iron contents of the upper small intestine in Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups were higher than normal group at weeks 2 and 4. Hepatic iron contents and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased by Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs treatments compared with IDA group as time increase. The iron contents in liver and ferritin deposits in spleen were identified in Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs groups similarly to normal group. These results indicate that oral administration of both Fe-NPs and Fe-MPs can recover anemia and Fe-NPs is more absorbable and available in the body than Fe-MPs.

Bioavailability of Iron-nanoparticles with Ascorbic Acid in Anemic Mice

Dang Young Kim,Boram Lee,Bong Su Kang,Ja Seon Yoon,정재황,Eun-young Kim,남상윤,윤영원,김종수,이범준 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.1

Recently, iron nanoparticles (Fe-NPs) have been used for cancer diagnosis and therapy for imaging contrast and drug delivery. However, there was no report on nutritional bioavailability of the Fe-NPs in the body. Ascorbic acid (AA) is known to help the absorption of iron in stomach by reducing Fe (III) to Fe (II). In this study, we investigated the bioavailability of Fe-NPs with AA in iron-deficiency-anemic mice in comparison with non-nano iron particles. Iron-deficient anemia was induced by feeding iron-deficient diet (4.5 mg Fe/kg) and ocular bleeding from retro-orbital venous plexus for 4 weeks. Normal control mice were given normal diet (45 mg Fe/kg). After induction of anemia in mice, Fe (40 mg/kg B.W.) + AA (5 g/kg B.W) and Fe-NPs (40 mg/kg B.W) + AA (5 g/kg B.W) were orally administered daily to the anemic mice. After sacrifice, liver and spleen tissues were observed by haematoxylin & eosin stain. Amount of trace iron in liver and upper small intestine was investigated using an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. Red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (Hct), hemoglobin (Hb), and total iron binding capacity were also measured. The concentrations of iron in Fe-NPs + AA group were significantly higher in liver and in upper small intestine than that in Fe + AA group. The values of RBC, Hct, and Hb in Fe-NPs + AA group were more rapidly increased to normal values compared with Fe + AA group with increasing time. These results suggest that Fe-NPs in the presence of AA may be more bioavailable than non-nano Fe in Fe-deficient anemic mice.