Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

Estimation of Demand For Meat In Korea

( Won W. Koo ),( Seung Ryong Yang ),( Chang Buhm Lee ) 한국농촌경제연구원 1993 Journal of Rural Development Vol.16 No.2

This study estimates the Korean meat demand, using a general switching AIDS model, and tests if the demand structure changes over time. The demand for beef, pork, chicken, and other meat products is estimated, using annual data from 1970 to 1989. The separability test suggests that fish does not have to be included in this meat demand analysis. The results indicate that structural change in meat consumption occurred between 1977 and 1989, possibly with no termination during the sample period. Significant structural changes are detected in the beef and pork demands, but not in the chicken demand. While price elasticity of beef remains inelastic before and after the structural change, demand for pork becomes less price elastic and that for chicken more elastic after the structural change.

Chlorhexidine varnish 처치 후 고정식 교정장치 장착 환자의 치태내 균주 변화 양상에 대한 장기간 관찰 연구

장영일,양원식,남동석,김태우,백승학 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 chlorhexidine varnish를 고정식 교정장치 장착 환자의 치면에 도포한 후 나타나는 치태내 균주의 변화 양상을 장기간 관찰하는 것이다. 서울대학교병원 치과진료부 교정과에서 고정식 교정장치로 치료하기로 하였던 환자 100명중에서 32주까지 장기간 추적 (follow-up) 되었던 21명을 최종 연구대상으로 선정 하였다. 실험군(12명)은 chlorhexidine varnish를 1주일 간격으로 4회 도포한 후 고정식 교정장치를 부착하였고, 대조군(9명)은 chlorhexidine varnish처치를 하지 않고 고정식 교정장치를 부착하였다. 그리고 실험군에서는 20주 째에 chlorhexidine varnish를 1회 처치하였다. 두 군에서 고정식 교정장치 부착 직전과 부착 후 4, 8, 20, 32주의 치태내 균주의 변화 양상을 간접면역 형광 현미경법으로 분석하고 SAS 통계프로그램을 사용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.Streptococcus mutans는 실험군에서 전 실험기간동안 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 억제되었고 (p〈0.01), 대조군에서 전 실험기간동안 통계학적으로 유의성 있게 증가하였다 (p〈0.05). 2.Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mitis, Actinomyces viscosus, Actinomyces naeslundii는 실험군과 대조군에서 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 고정식 교정장치를 사용할 환자에서 chlorhexidine varnish를 처치할 경우 치아 우식의 주 원인균인 Streptococcus mutants를 장기간 선택적으로 억제할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The authors observed the long term effects of chlorhexidine vanish treatment on microbial change of dental plaque in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. The initial sample was 100 patients who were arranged to be treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. The final sample consisted of 21 patients who could be traced for 32 weeks after application of fixed orthodontic appliances. They were classified into the experimental group (12 patients) and the control group (9 patients). The experimental group was treated with chlorhexidine vanish once a week for 4 weeks before application of fixed orthodontic appliance. The control group was not treated with chlorhexidine varnish before application of fixed orthodontic appliance. The experimental group was treated once more after 20 weeks. The microbial changes of dental plaque were analysed by indirect immunofluorescence technique at pre-treatment, post-treatment 4, 8, 20, and 32 weeks. The results were as follows. 1.In the experimental group, streptococus mutans was significantly suppressed during experimental period.(p〈0.01) But, in the control group, streptococcus mutants was significantly increased after placement of fixed orthodontic appliances during experiment period.(p〈0.05) 2.Streptococcus sanglus, Streptococcus mitis, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii did not show significant change between the experimental and the control group during experiment period. So, if we treat the orthodontic patients with chlorhexidine varnish before application of fixed appliances, we may suppress the major cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, selectively for long period.

악교정 수술후 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합 환자의 하악운동 변화에 관한 연구

남동석,양원식,서정훈,장영일 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 골격성 III급 부정교합 환자에서 악교정 수술 전후의 하악운동 양상을 관찰하여 수술에 의한 하악운동의 변화를 평가하기 위하여 시행되었다. 서울대학교병원 교정과에서 골격성 III급 부정교합으로 진단받고 수술 전 교정치료를 받은 후, 동 병원 악안면구강외과에서 악교정 수술을 시행한 20명(남;9명, 여;11명)을 대상으로 수술 직전과 수술 2-7개월 후에 Sirognathograph와 BioPak EGN을 이용하여 최대 개폐구 운동과 시상면, 전두면, 수평면에서의 하악한계운동을 기록하고 21개의 항목을 계측하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 수술 후에 가장 큰 변화를 보인 항목은 시상면상 전방 운동각도로서, 수술 전 17.4°에서 수술 후 38.8°로 증가하였다. 또한 전치 유도가 형성됨에 따라 전방운동 궤적도 일직선에서 상악 절치의 형태에 따른 곡선으로 변하였다. 2. 수술 전후를 비교할 때 p<0.01 수준에서 유의성을 보인 항목들은 최대 개폐구 운동시 최대 개구량과 최대 전후방 운동량, 시상면상 최대 개구량, 전두면상 좌측방 운동각도의 4항목이었다. 3. 수술 전후를 비교할 때 p<0.05 수준에서 유의성을 보인 항목들은 전두면상 최대 좌우 운동폭, 수평면상 최대 우측방 운동거리, 최대 좌측방 운동각의 3항목이었다. 4. 최대 개폐구 운동시 최대 개구량과 최대 전후방 운동량은 수술 후 측정시간에 따른 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 즉 2, 3개월군에서보다 5, 6, 7개월군에서 더 많은 운동량 회복을 나타내었다. 5. 수술 전 불규칙하던 개폐구시 운동 궤적은 수술 후 개구로와 폐구로가 일치하며 부드러운 곡선을 이루었는데, 이는 악교정 수술에 의해 교합장애가 제거되었기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in mandibular movement patterns after orthognathic surgery in skeletal Class III patients. The sample consisted of 20 Class III malocclusion patients(9 males, 11 females). Just before and after(2-7months) surgery, maximum opening & closing movement, mandibular border movement on sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes were recorded using Sirognathograph & BioPak EGN. On each record, 21 items were measured and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows: 1. Angle of protrusive movement on sagittal plane showed greatest change after surgery. Also, as the incisal guidance was established by surgery, straight path of protrusive movement became curved line. 2. Maximum opening distance and maximum antero-posterior distance on maximum opening & closing movement, maximum opening distance on sagittal plane, angle of left lateral excursion on frontal plane were statistically significant after surgery(p<0.01). 3. Maximum width of lateral excursion on frontal plane, distane of right lateral excursion and angle of maximum left lateral excursion on horizontal plane were statistically significant after surgery(p<0.05). 4. Maximum opening distance and maximum antero-posterior distance on maximum opening % closing movement showed significant differences according to post-surgical time(p<0.05). More recovery of range of movement occured in 5-7month group than in 2-3month group. 5. As the occlusal interferences were removed by orthognathic surgery, irregular opening & closing path became smooth curve.

Electro-hyperthermia up-regulates tumour suppressor Septin 4 to induce apoptotic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma

Jeon, Tae-Won,Yang, Heebum,Lee, Chang Geol,Oh, Sang Taek,Seo, Daekwan,Baik, In Hye,Lee, Eun Hye,Yun, Ina,Park, Kyung Ran,Lee, Yun-Han Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 International journal of hyperthermia Vol.32 No.6

<P>Purpose: Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) has been shown to be effective against various types of human tumours, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effects of mEHT to HCC cells. Materials and methods: Human liver cancer cell lines, Huh7 and HepG2, were treated with mEHT (42 degrees C/60 min) three times at 2-day intervals. Growth inhibition and apoptotic induction were evaluated using MTS, microscopic analysis, a clonogenic assay, annexin V/PI staining and a ccK18 ELISA. Global changes in gene expression were examined using RNA sequencing to obtain insights into molecular changes in response to mEHT. For in vivo evaluation of mEHT we used HepG2 HCC xenografts grown in nude mice. Results: mEHT suppressed HCC cell proliferation and long-term colony formation through induction of apoptosis. The growth inhibitory effects are induced through a subset of molecular changes. Notably the expression level of septin 4 (SEPT4) (involved in pro-apoptotic activity and growth suppression) was up-regulated, whereas a key regulator of invasiveness G-Protein coupled receptor 64 (GPR64) was repressed. Subsequent Western blotting confirmed that the common increase in tumour suppressor SEPT4 in both Huh7 and HepG2 cells is accompanied by the restoration of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 and decrease in pro-caspase 7 and pro-caspase 3, thereby accelerating apoptotic signalling in HCC cells. Additionally, mEHT significantly inhibited the growth of human HCC xenografts in nude mice. Conclusions: These findings suggest that apoptotic cell death induced by mEHT is mediated by the up-regulation of tumour suppressor SEPT4 in human HCC cells.</P>

Salt and pepper appearance of the skin associated with mixed connective tissue disease

( Sang-hyeon Won ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1

The salt-and-pepper appearance of skin is composed of salt (vitiligo-like depigmentation) and pepper(perifollicular pigmentation). This characteristic feature can be a clinical clue for the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD) is a distinct disease entity with mixed features of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, myositis and rheumatoid arthritis with high titers of antibodies to U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein(U1 snRNP). Therefore, MCTD is known to have a wide spectrum of cutaneous manifestations which may be the presenting signs of the disease. However, there are few reports of pigmentary changes in MCTD. A 51-year old woman presented with variably sized hypopigmented macules along with relative hyperpigmentation of the perifollicular areas. She was diagnosed with MCTD by Raynaud’s phenomenon and high titer anti-RNP corresponding to a speckled antinuclear antibody of 1:1280 in Rheumatology clinic. A biopsy specimen showed dermal sclerosis. Pigment loss and melanophages were observed in the papillary dermis. Hypo- and hyperpigmentation were confirmed histologically by S100 and Fontana-Masson stain. To our knowledge, ‘salt and pepper appearance of the skin’ has rarely been reported in MCTD. The diagnosis of MCTD can be challenging due to its diverse characteristics. Therefore, we suggest that MCTD should be regarded as a differential diagnosis in patient with this pigmentary change.

유년기 Ⅲ급 부정교합자에서 이모장치의 치료 효과에 관한 연구

남동석,서정훈,양원식,장영일 대한치과교정학회 1998 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구는 유년기의 하악 전돌성 III급 부정교합자에게 이모장치를 착용하여 치료하였을 때 나타나는 변화를, 보다 적절한 대조군을 이용하여 알아보고자 시행하였다. 이모장치를 이용하여 치료한 하악전돌의 골격성 III급 부정교합자중에서 치료 시작 시기가 약 7세경인 29명(남자 14명, 여자 15명)을 실험군으로 하였고, 비슷한 연령으로 골격적 상태가 유사하며 어떤 형태의 교정치료도 받지 않은 III급 부정교합자 21명(남자10명, 여자11명)을 대조군으로 하였다. 2년의 관찰 기간을 거쳐, 초기 및 2년 후의 두부방사선사진을 계측 분석하여 그 변화량을 비교한 결과 (t-test, p<0.05) 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 이모장치를 착용하지 않은 대조군에서는 악골의 부조화가 개선되지 않고, 심화되는 방향으로 성장하였다. 즉, 치료하지 않은 하악 전돌성 III급 부정교합자는 성장에 의해 개선이 일어나지 않음을 나타내었다. 이모장치를 착용한 실험군에서는 전후방 골격 부조화가 감소하였으며, 하악 전돌감이 개선되었다. 2. 두개저와 상악골의 성장은 이모장치에 의해 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 3. 이모장치의 하악골 성장억제 효과를 인정할 수 없었으나, 하악골의 성장 방향의 변화 및 성장 형태의 변화가 관찰되었다. 4. 이모장치 착용시 수직적 성장 경향이 증가하였다. 5. 연구 성적을 종합적으로 검토한 결과, 이모장치의 주된 치료 기전은 하악골의 후하방 회전과 변위이며, 성장 방향과 형태의 변화가 부분적으로 기여한다고 볼 수 있었다. 위의 결과를 종합해 보면 이모장치의 치료효과는 하악 골격 성장의 억제효과라기 보다는 하악골의 후방 회전과 변위에 의한 것이며 성장기 하악 전돌성 III급 부정교합자에서 골격 부조화의 개선 및 전돌감 해소에 유용한 장치라고 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the craniofacial skeleton subsequent to chincap therapy in the juvenile skeletal Class III malocclusion with more appropriate control samples. The experimental group consisted of 29 Korean children(14 males, 15 females) who had skeletal Class III malocclusion with prognathic mandible and were undergone chincap therapy from the beginning of treatment. The control group was composed of 21 Korean children(10 males,11 females) who had no orthodontic treatment, but with similar skeletal discrepancies to experimental group. Lateral cephalometric radiographs at the age of 7, and 2 years later were analyized and compared with student`s t-test(p<0.05). The results of this study were as follows; 1. The control group without chincap therapy had not shown any improvement of the skeletal discrepancies, but had grown to be much severe. This means that the untreated Class III patient with prognathic mandible would not be corrected by growth. For the experimental group with chincap therapy, the anterior-posterior skeletal discrepanices and mandibular prognathism were both improved. 2. Neither significant restraint nor acceleration of growth was found in the cranial base and maxilla by chincap treatment. 3. The inhibition of mandibular growth could not be accepted, but the changes of the direction of growth and morphological changes were found. 4. Vertical growth tendency was increased with chincap therapy. 5. When putting together the results of the analyses, it seems to be the rotation and displacement of the mandible that the major treatment effects of chincap are. The changes of the direction of growth and the morphological changes also seems to contibute to the treatment effect partly. In summary, the chincap doesn`t restrain the mandibular growth. But, it is considered as a useful treatment modality for correction of skeletal discrepancies and reduction of mandibular prognathism in growing Class III patients with madibular prognathism.

종창성 홍반 루푸스 18예의 임상, 병리조직학적 고찰

양지혜 ( Ji Hye Yang ),원종현 ( Chong Hyun Won ),장성은 ( Sung Eun Chang ),이미우 ( Mi Woo Lee ),최지호 ( Jee Ho Choi ),문기찬 ( Kee Chan Moon ) 대한피부과학회 2010 대한피부과학회지 Vol.48 No.5

Background: Lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET) is a rare subset of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and LET is clinically characterized by erythematous, succulent, urticarial plaques on the sun-exposed areas and LET is histopathologically characterized by the presence of perivascular and periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrates with interstitial mucin deposition. Objective: We investigated the clinical and histopathological features of LET in Korean patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 18 patients who were diagnosed with LET between 1993 and 2010. The clinical characteristics, histopathological and laboratory findings, association with other subsets of lupus and the course of disease were analyzed. Results: LET occurred predominantly in females, with the gender ratio being 1:8. The mean age at diagnosis was 31.3 years. Two of 18 patients (11.1%) were previously diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or they had discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) simultaneously. The most common clinical features were erythematous patches, nodules or plaques and the most common site was the face. Eight of eighteen patients (44.4%) had photosensitivity and this value was lower than that of the previous reports. The antinuclear antibody (ANA) was negative or weakly positive in 13/15 (86.7%) cases. The main histopathological characteristics were perivascular and/or periadnexal lymphocytic infiltrates, and interstitial mucin deposition. Epidermal changes were absent or there were minimal changes. The treatments included antimalarial drugs, dapsone and topical and systemic corticosteroid. The patients showed a good response to the treatments without scarring. Conclusion: A clinicopathological review of 18 LET cases revealed results that were similar to those of the previous reports, although there were some differences in the gender ratio and frequency of photosensitivity. Further studies are needed to elucidate the cause of such differences. (Korean J Dermatol 2010;48(5):402~408)

부갑상선호르몬 분비가 저하된 혈액투석 환자에서 저칼슘투석액 사용시 칼슘감지수용체의 유전자 다형성에 따른 호르몬 분비의 변화

박태진 ( Tae Jin Park ),서장원 ( Jang Won Seo ),백관미 ( Kwan Mi Pack ),장재원 ( Jai Won Chang ),양원석 ( Won Seok Yang ),김순배 ( Soon Bae Kim ),이상구 ( Sang Koo Lee ),박수길 ( Su Kil Park ),박정식 ( Jung Sik Park ) 대한신장학회 2007 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.26 No.4

Purpose : Low level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a risk factor that might cause hip fracture in dialysis patients. Low calcium dialysate (LCD) has been suggested as an approach to increase PTH level. The calcium- sensing receptor (CaSR) polymorphism is known to be associated with the sensitivity to extracellular calcium. Methods : We prospectively investigated the role of genetic polymorphism of CaSR codon 990 as one cause of the different parathyroid responses to LCD in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. 48 patients, using 3.5 mEq/L calcium dialysate, with intact PTH below 100 pg/ml for the last one year underwent HD sessions on 2.5 mEq/L calcium dialysate for 12 weeks. Serum intact PTH, total calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bone-specific ALP (BAP) were measured monthly. The CaSR gene from peripheral lymphocytes was amplified to confirm the genotype by polymerase chain reaction. Results : According to the CaSR genetic polymorphism, subjects were divided into 3 groups, A/A (14.6%), A/G (45.8%) and G/G (39.6%). Twelve weeks later, intact PTH (48.5±25.4 to 89.0±49.4 pg/mL, p<0.01), and ALP (78.7±25.7 to 87.4±27.2 IU/L, p<0.01) increased significantly in G/G group, but not in non-G/G groups. However, BAP significantly increased in both G/G group (24.3±11.9 to 29.5±10.6 U/L, p<0.01) and in non-G/G groups (21.4±4.5 to 26.1±9.1 U/L, p<0.01). During the study period, levels of corrected total calcium and phosphorus were not significantly changed. Conclusion : The CaSR polymorphism, G/G genotype, strongly influenced the responsiveness of parathyroid gland to LCD, compared with non-G/G genotypes. However, bone formation may occur actively on LCD, irrespective of CaSR genetic polymorphism.

만성 승모판 패쇄부전증 환자에서의 안지오텐신 전환효소 억제제의 장기 투여 효과

김대희,이명묵,이해영,조현재,박승정,서재빈,서정원,양한모,윤창환,조상호,이준희,김용진,김명아,손대원,오병희,박영배 대한순환기학회 2004 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.34 No.2