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Energy equivalent lumped damage model for reinforced concrete structures
Renério Pereira Neto,Daniel V.C. Teles,Camila S. Vieira,David L.N.F. Amorim 국제구조공학회 2022 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.84 No.2
Lumped damage mechanics (LDM) is a recent nonlinear theory with several applications to civil engineering structures, such as reinforced concrete and steel buildings. LDM apply key concepts of classic fracture and damage mechanics on plastic hinges. Therefore, the lumped damage models are quite successful in reproduce actual structural behaviour using concepts well-known by engineers in practice, such as ultimate moment and first cracking moment of reinforced concrete elements. So far, lumped damage models are based in the strain energy equivalence hypothesis, which is one of the fictitious states where the intact material behaviour depends on a damage variable. However, there are other possibilities, such as the energy equivalence hypothesis. Such possibilities should be explored, in order to pursue unique advantages as well as extend the LDM framework. Therewith, a lumped damage model based on the energy equivalence hypothesis is proposed in this paper. The proposed model was idealised for reinforced concrete structures, where a damage variable accounts for concrete cracking and the plastic rotation represents reinforcement yielding. The obtained results show that the proposed model is quite accurate compared to experimental responses.
Ren, C.,Park, E.Y.,Kim, J.Y.,Lim, S.T. Academic Press, etc 2016 FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -ZURICH- Vol.68 No.-
<P>Alpha-tocopherol (30-120 mg) was dispersed in an aqueous maize starch solution (0-240 mg starch solids in 30 mL) at various temperatures (60-80 degrees C) for 3 h, followed by cooling to 30 degrees C for different periods (0-12 h). The dispersion prepared under an optimized condition was subjected to ultrasonic treatment (up to 5 min in ice bath) to enhance the dispersion stability. When an aqueous a-tocopherol (60 mg) dispersion in a starch solution (120 mg in 30 mL) was prepared at 70 degrees C with cooling for 3 h and ultrasonic treatment for 3 min, a homogenous and opaque dispersion was obtained with 74% (w/w) of the a-tocopherol added was stably dispersed. The ultrasonic treatment decreased hydrodynamic diameter (from 1253 to 416 nm) and zeta-potential (from 6.28 to 22.40 mV) of the dispersed alpha-tocopherol particles, improving the dispersion stability. During a storage for 28 days at room temperature, the dispersion remained stable without producing any precipitates or aggregates. When the alpha-tocopherol dispersion in starch solution was subjected to autoclave treatment (121 degrees C for 20 min), 25% of the alpha-tocopherol in the dispersion was transformed to immiscible phase and phase-separated. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Lee, G. S.,Lee, C.,Choi, H.,Ahn, D. J.,Kim, J.,Gila, B. P.,Abernathy, C. R.,Pearton, S. J.,Ren, F. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Physica status solidi. PSS. A, Applications and ma Vol.204 No.10
<P>PDA(Polydiacetylene)-supramolecules were successfully immobilized on the surface of Sc<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>/GaN/Sapphire structures for use as selective NH<SUB>3</SUB> gas sensors. The Sc<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> was epitaxially grown on GaN/Sapphire templates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to replace the non-uniform native Ga<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. The GaN-based PDA gas sensors showed excellent selectivity for ammonia detection after the end-functional group was modified to respond to this specific gas species. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)</P>
Genetic Variations Analysis and Characterization of the Fifth Intron of Porcine NRAMP1 Gene
Yan, X.M.,Ren, J.,Ai, H.S.,Ding, N.S.,Gao, J.,Guo, Y.M.,Chen, C.Y.,Ma, J.W.,Shu, Q.L.,Huang, L.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.9
The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene was identified as a candidate gene controlling the resistance and susceptibility to a number of intracellular parasites in pigs. The genetic variations in a 1.6 kb region spanning exon 1 and exon 3 of the porcine NRAMP1 gene were investigated by PCR-HinfI-RFLP in samples of 1347 individuals from 21 Chinese indigenous pig populations and 3 western pig breeds. Three alleles (A, B, C) and four genotypes (AA, BB, AB, BC) were detected. Significant differences in genotype and allele frequencies were observed between Chinese indigenous pig populations and exotic pig breeds, while in general the differences in genotype and allele frequencies among Chinese indigenous pig populations were not significant. The allele C was detected only in Duroc, Leping Spotted and Dongxiang Spotted pig, and the two Chinese pig populations showed similar genotype and allele frequencies. Four Chinese Tibetan pig populations displayed genetic differentiation at the NRAMP1 gene locus. In addition, intron 5 of the NRAMP1 gene was isolated and characterized by directly sequencing the PCR products encompassing intron 5. The alignment of intron 5 of the porcine, human, equine and ovine NRAMP1 gene showed a similarity of 45.38% between pig and human, 52.55% between pig and horse, 63.47% between pig and sheep, respectively.
Experimental investigation of the ordering pathway in a Ni-33 at.%Cr alloy
Gwalani, B.,Alam, T.,Miller, C.,Rojhirunsakool, T.,Kim, Y.S.,Kim, S.S.,Kaufman, M.J.,Ren, Yang,Banerjee, R. Elsevier 2016 Acta materialia Vol.115 No.-
<P>The present study involves a detailed experimental investigation of the concurrent compositional clustering and long-range ordering tendencies in a Ni-33 at.%Cr alloy, carried out by coupling synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atom probe tomography (APT). Synchrotron-based XRD results clearly exhibited progressively increasing lattice contraction in the matrix with increasing isothermal aging time, at 475 degrees C, eventually leading to the development of long-range ordering (LRO) of the Pt2Mo-type. Detailed TEM and APT investigations revealed that this LRO in the matrix is manifested in the form of nanometer-scale ordered domains, and the spatial distribution, size, morphology and compositional evolution of these domains have been carefully investigated. APT results also revealed the early stages of compositional clustering prior to the onset of long-range ordering in this alloy and such compositional clustering can potentially be correlated to the lattice contraction and previously proposed short-range ordering tendencies. (C) 2016 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>