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Kim, S.H.,Miesse, C.M.,Lee, H.B.,Chang, I.W.,Hwang, Y.S.,Jang, J.H.,Cha, S.W. Applied Science Publishers 2014 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.134 No.-
The small fuel cell is being researched as an alternative power source to the Li-ion battery in mobile phone. In this paper, a direct hydrogen fuel cell system which powers a mobile phone without a supplementary battery is compactly integrated below 25ml volume at the backside of the phone. The system consists of a small (8ml) metal hydride hydrogen storage tank with 4L hydrogen storage or an energy density of ~640Wh/L, a thin air-breathing planar polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack (13.44cm<SUP>2</SUP>x3mm for a volumetric power density of 335W/L), miniature pressure regulator, and a high efficiency DC-DC voltage converting circuitry. The hydrogen storage tank is packed with the AB<SUB>5</SUB> type metal hydride alloy. The eight-cell air-breathing planar stack (8ml) is very thin (3mm) due to a thin flexible printed circuit board current collectors as well as a unique riveting assembly and is capable of a robust performance of 2.68W (200mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). A miniature pressure regulator is compact with fluidic and electrical connections within 4ml. A miniature DC-DC voltage converter operates at an overall efficiency of 90%. Consequently, the estimated energy density of a fully integrated fuel cell system is 205Wh/L (70.5Wh/kg).
Air-breathing miniature planar stack using the flexible printed circuit board as a current collector
Kim, S.H.,Cha, H.Y.,Miesse, C.M.,Jang, J.H.,Oh, Y.S.,Cha, S.W. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.34 No.1
To maximize power density, the volume of a fuel cell stack should be reduced by miniaturizing the stack components. In this study, thin flexible printed circuit board was utilized as a current collector in order to reduce an air-breathing monopolar stack's volume. Also, the effects of varying the geometry and opening ratios of the ports to the cathode on stack performance were evaluated in order to determine the optimal cathode structure. Use of the thin current collector and cathode port optimization resulted in an output of 3.5W from an 18cm<SUP>3</SUP> stack (power density of 350mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>). The effects of orientation under passive air-breathing operation were determined to be nearly negligible. All data was measured at ambient pressure and temperature, baseline conditions for mobile fuel cell intended for use in consumer electronics.